ZIMBABWE

MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, INNOVATION,

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

2018

REGULATIONS AND SYLLABUS FOR THE

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE

IN

LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY

COURSE CODE: 360/18/TN/0

Implementation Date: January 2019

NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

PREAMBLE

The course is designed to develop an Assistant Laboratory Technician with the knowledge,
skills and attitudes required to satisfy the needs of the Food, Chemical and Allied industry in an
environmentally sustainable manner, without discrimination based on gender, HIV status or
physiological limitations. The entry requirement is 5 O’ Level subject passes with grade C or
better including English Language, Mathematics, a relevant Science subject or equivalent. The
duration of the course is 1280 notional hours plus 12 months on the job training. The trainee
will be assessed through continuous assessment, written examinations, and on the job education
and training.

CONSULTATION YEAR

1. Gold Star Sugars 2018

2. Cold Storage Commission 2018

3. Government Analyst Laboratory 2018

4. Research and Specialist Services 2018

5. Zimbabwe Phosphate Industries 2018

6. University of Zimbabwe (Chemistry, Biology and Physics Departments) 2018

7. CAPS (Pvt) Ltd 2018

8. Dairiboard Zimbabwe Limited 2018

9. African Distillers (PVT) Ltd 2018

10. Blair Research Laboratory 2018

11. Hwange Colliery 2018

12. Harare City Councils 2018

13. Bulawayo City Councils 2018

14. Datlabs (Pvt) Ltd 2018

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

PART 1: REGULATIONS

1.0 TITLE AND LEVEL OF AWARD

National Certificate in Laboratory Technology

2.0 AIM

The aim of the course is to develop an assistant laboratory technician with the
knowledge, skills and attitudes required to satisfy the needs of the Food, Chemical and
Allied Industries.

3.0 LEARNING OUTCOME

At the end of the course, the graduate should be able to:

3.1 apply chemical principles to relevant industries;
3.2 apply analytical techniques in chemical analysis
3.3 apply biological principles in laboratory operations.
3.4 apply mathematical principles in solving problems.
3.5 apply physics concepts relevant to Laboratory Technology
3.6 demonstrate appropriate safety procedures in all laboratories;
3.7 demonstrate patriotism to national issues;
3.8 demonstrate a critical, logical and objective approach to problem solving at the
work place.
3.9 implement health and safety regulation at the work place.
3.10 demonstrate entrepreneurial skills in Laboratory Technology

3.11 apply computer skills to Laboratory Technology

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.0 COURSE STRUCTURE AND DURATION

SUBJECT CODE DURATION

(HOURS)
1 Chemistry 360/18/S01 200 hours
2 Analytical Chemistry 360/18/S02 200 hours
3 Biology 360/18/S03 200 hours
4 Mathematics 360/18/S04 120 hours
5 Communication Skills 356/18/S05 120 hours
6 Physics 360/18/S06 100 hours
7 Laboratory Safety & Practice 360/18/S07 100 hours
8 National Studies 401/19/S01 80 hours
9 Entrepreneurial Skills Development 402/19/S02 80 hours
10 Skills Proficiency Test 360/19/S09
11 On the Job Education and Training 360/18/S08 12 months
12 Fundamentals of Information Technology 310/19/S07 80
TOTAL 1280 hours

5.0 COURSE DURATION

The course duration is 1280 hours plus 12 months on the job education and training.

6.0 ENTRY REQUIREMENTS

The entry requirement for the course is 5 O’ level subject passes including English
Language, Mathematics and a relevant Science subject.

7.0 MODE OF STUDY

Full time: 1280 hours (1 year), plus 12 months on the job education and training.
Part time: 1280 hours plus 12 months on the job education and training.
Block release: 1280 hours plus 12 months on the job education and training.
Open Distance Learning: 1280 hours plus 12 months on the job education and training.

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 NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

8.0 ASSESSMENT SCHEME

EXAMINABLE MODE OF ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING

SUBJECTS WRITTEN CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT
EXAMINATION 60%
40%
Chemistry 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
360/18/S01 2 assignments 20%
2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%
Analytical 3 hour paper A minimum of
Chemistry 2 assignments 20% 100%
360/18/S02 2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%
Biology 3 hour paper A minimum of
360/18/S03 2 assignments 20% 100%
2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%
Mathematics 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
360/18/S04 2 assignments 20%
2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%
Communication 3 hour paper A minimum of
Skills 356/S05 2 assignments 20% 100%
2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%
Physics 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
360/18/S06 2 assignments 20%
2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%
Laboratory Safety 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
and Practice 2 assignments 20%
360/18/S07 2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%
National and 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
Strategic Studies 2 assignments 20%
401/19/S01 2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%
Entrepreneurial 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
Skills and 2 assignments 20%
Development 2 practicals 20%
401/19/S02
2 tests 20%
Fundamentals of 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
information 2 assignments 20%
Technology 2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%

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 NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

Skills Proficiency As per Skills Proficiency 100%

Test
On the job As per Log book 100%
Education and
Training
9. GRADING

0% to 49% - Fail
50% to 59% - Pass
60% to 79% - Credit
80% to 100% - Distinction

10. CONDITIONS OF AWARD

10.1 A candidate should attend at least 85% learning sessions to qualify for
examinations.
10.2 Candidates should pass on aggregate provided they score at least 40% in each of
continuous assessment and examinations.
10.3 A candidate should pass all subjects to be awarded a certificate in Science
Technology.
10.4 Non-submission of coursework marks will result in the candidate being
deferred.

11. RE-WRITES

11.1 A candidate should pass two thirds (2/3) of the subjects to qualify for a re-write.
11.2 Re-writes should conform to current course structure.
11.3 Any candidate who fails to pass at least two thirds of the course should repeat
the whole course, including the subjects they would have passed.
11.4 A candidate is given no time limit in which to re-write the failed subject(s).
11.5 There is no aggregation for rewrites.
11.6 All re-writes should pass on performance in the examination.

11.7 If a candidate fails coursework, he/she repeats the subject

12. EXEMPTIONS

12.1 Exemptions are only granted in subjects already attained from a complete
accredited qualification provided an exemption certificate specifying subjects of
exemption is produced.

12.2 Exemption Certificate should be applied for at enrolment stage and produced
before registration for examinations.

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

13.0 IRREGULAR PRACTICES

13.1 Cheating in examination will result in disqualification from the whole

course and all other HEXCO courses. The candidate will be suspended for two
years.

13.2 Plagiarisms in any of the assessments will result in automatic disqualification in

all other HEXCO courses and the penalty as in 13.1 will apply

14.0 RESOURCES
14.1 Lecturer’s Qualifications
A minimum of a National Diploma in Applied Chemical Technology or
equivalent
14.2 Classroom and Laboratories
14.3 Equipment and Materials
See Appendix I
14.4 List of reference materials
See Appendix II

14.5 APPENDIX I
Variable power supplies Human skeleton
Cathode ray oscilloscope Chemicals, paper, filter paper (sundries)
Analytical balances Computers
Water baths burettes
Gas burners pipettes
Crucibles pipette
Test-tubes Dropping pipette
Ovens pipette filler
Heating mantles Conical flasks
Molecular models Volumetric flask
pH meters Measuring cylinders
Clocks Wash bottle
Spatulas filter funnels
Various chemicals (sundries) Porcelain crucible
UV spectrometer Evaporating basin
Light microscopes Beakers (glass/Teflon)
Magnifying lenses Thermometers
Dissecting instrument sets Plastic beaker
Aquarium Test-tubes
Filter Photometer Boiling tubes
Autoclaves Stop watches
Petri dishes Analytical Balance

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

APPENDIX II

SUGGESTED REFERENCES

Christian, (2012) Analytical Chemistry Sounders Publishing New York

G. Company
de la (2012) The Concept of John Willey and Sons
Guardia, M Green Analytical
Chemistry
Louis J (2012) Ionic Equilibrium in
Analytical Chemistry
Bostock and Chandler (2018) Pure Mathematics I Oxford University Press
Christian G D (2012) Analytical Chemistry
Crawshan J. & Chambers J. (2014) A concise Course in Advanced Statistics 4th Edition,
Amazon
de la Guardia, M (2012) The Concept of Green Analytical Chemistry John Willey and Sons
Diberardins L. J, Baum J. S (2013) Guidelines for laboratory design, Health, Safety and
environmental considerations, 4th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
Fried, G., Hademenos, G. and Fried, G. (2013). Biology. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Furr K. (2015). Handbook of Laboratory Safety, 5th Edition. CRC Press Boca Rotan.
Hein,.B. & Pattison L.(2017) College Chemistry Brooks/Cole Publishing Company
Montenery California
Hugo, W. and Stenlake, J. (2014). An Introduction to Microbiology. Burlington: Heinemann
Medical/Elsevier Science.
Jones, M., Fosbery, R., Gregory, J. and Taylor, D. (2014). Cambridge International AS and
A’ Level Biology Coursebook. 4th Ed. cambridge: cambridge university press.
Kenneth M, George J, Jonathan L, Susan S (2018). Understanding Biology, 2nd Edition.
McGraw Hill Education, United States
Lodish, H. (2016). Molecular cell biology. New York, NY: Freeman.
Louis J (2012) Ionic Equilibrium in Analytical Chemistry
Mackean D. G. (2014). Cambridge IGCSE Biology 3rd Edition. Hodder Education
Fried, G., Hademenos, G. and Fried, G. (2013). Biology. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Manuele F. A (2013) On the Practice of Safety, 4th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc
Pastry J. (2015). Clinical Laboratory Science Review: A Bottom line approach,5th Edition.
Louisiana State University Health Sciences Centre Foundation.
Scangio D (2016). Complete Guide to Laboratory Safety. HCPro a division of BLR.
Skog West & Holler (2007) Analytical Chemistry Sounders Publishing Company New York
Urry, L., Wasserman, S., Cain, M., Campbell, N., Reece, J., Minorsky, P. and Meyers, N.
(2014). Campbell Biology. 10th Ed. united states: pearson.
Valcano M (2012) Principles of Analytical Chemistry
Wilson and Walker (2018). Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology 8th Edition. Cambridge University Press.
Harries,S (2018) Human Communication Blackwell, Oxford
Little, P. (2012) Communication at Work. Pitman, London
Little, P. (2017) Communication in Business. Pitman, London
Roberts, M.B.V (2002) Biology: A functional Approach Butler and Tanner LtdLondon

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

PART II

SYLLABI CONTENT

SUBJECT: CHEMISTRY

CODE: 360/18/S01

DURATION: 200 Hours

1. AIM

At the end of the course the student should be able to apply knowledge acquired in
chemistry and their application in the chemical and allied industry.

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course, the student will be able to:

2.1 explain the fundamental concepts of Chemistry
2.2 perform sample analysis
2.3 explain the periodicity of physical properties of the elements
2.4 set up conditions for reagents and standards preparation
2.5 articulate bonding of elements
2.6 describe the general physical and chemical properties of elements
2.7 describe the uses of non-metals and their reaction characteristics
2.8 discuss the characteristics of transition elements
2.9 interpret the nomenclature and full structural formula of organic compounds

3.0 TOPICS
Fundamental Concepts
Atomic Structure
Stoichiometry
Gas Laws
Reaction Kinetics
Chemical Equilibria
Electrochemistry
Periodicity
Chemical Bonding
Transition Elements
Organic Chemistry
Hydrocarbons
Aromatics

4.0 THEORY
4.1. Fundamental concepts
4.1.1 Classification of matter
- define the following terms: element, compound, mixture
- state three forms of matter
- describe the properties of matter in terms of mass, volume
compressibility, fluidity
- explain the properties of matter in terms of kinetic theory

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.1.2 Explain the properties of the following substances: -

- Anhydrous
- Hydrated
- Hygroscopic
- Deliquescent
- Efflorescent
4.1.3 Explain the use of the following: -
- Desiccants
- Drying agents
- Molecular sieves
4.2 Atomic structure
4.2.1 Explain the atomic theory under the following subheadings
- Daltons atomic theory
- Bohr model of an atom
- Atomic structure according to Rutherford.
- Modern atomic theory: - explain electronic configuration, line
spectra, energy levels, quantum numbers s, p and d orbitals,
ionisation energy
4.2.2 Derive electron configuration for different atoms using s,p,d ,f notation and
condensed notation

4.3 Stoichiometry
4.3.1 Define the following terms: - relative atomic isotopic, molecular masses, mass
based on the C-12 scale
4.3.2 Define the mole in terms of the Avogadro’s number
4.3.3 Calculate the relative atomic masses in terms of the relative abundance of its
isotopes
4.3.4 Describe the empirical and molecular formulae
4.3.5 Calculate the empirical and molecular formula based on the combustion data or
composition by mass
4.3.6 Balance chemical equations
4.3.7 Perform calculation, including the use of the mole concept in the following:
 Reacting masses from formulae and equations
 Volume of gases
 percentage yield
 Volume and concentrations of solutions
 Deduce stoichiometric relationships from calculations such as those
stated above

4.4 Gas laws

4.4.1 Define absolute temperature
4.4.2 State the following: Gas Laws (Charles and Boyles), ideal gas equation.
4.4.3 Perform the calculations involving volume, temperature and pressure
using the ideal gas equation (PV= nRT)
4.5 Reaction kinetics
4..5.1 describe the collision theory of chemical reactions
4.5.2 Explain the effects of the following:
- Concentration
- Catalyst
- Temperature
- Light

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

- Pressure
- Surface area

4.6 Chemical Equilibrium

4.6.1 Explain the meaning of dynamic equilibrium
4.6.2 Write the equilibrium constant expression for a given reaction
4.6.3 Calculate the equilibrium constant
4.6.4 Explain the significance of the equilibrium constant
4.6.5 State the factors affecting the position of equilibrium constant
4.6.6 State the Le Chatelier’s Principle
4.6.7 Explain how pressure concentration and temperature affect the equilibrium
4.6.8 Describe the following industrial processes:
- Haber process
- Contact process
4.6.9 Explain the meaning of the following terms:
Solution, solubility and solubility curves (Henry’s law) and crystallization.
4.7 Electrochemistry
Electrochemical cells
4.7.1 Define the terms oxidation and reduction
4.7.2 Determine the oxidation numbers of elements
4.7.3 Describe the redox reactions using relevant half equations
4.7.4 Define electrochemical cell
4.7.5 Explain how electrochemical cells work e.g. Cu/Zn cell
4.7.6 Define standard electrode potential
4.7.7 Describe the standard hydrogen electrode (SHE)
4.7.8 Describe measurement of the standard electrode potential
4.7.9 Calculate the Electromotive motive force (emf) of a cell
4.7.10 Describe the use of electrode potential values in the determination of the
position of elements in the reactivity series.

Electrolysis
4.7.11 Describe the electrolysis process
4.7.12 State Faraday ‘s Law of Electrolysis
4.7.13 Calculate amounts produced in the Cathode and Anode reactions
4.7.14 Explain its application in the: purification of copper, production of hydrogen
and oxygen, production of sodium hydroxide and chlorine, extraction of
aluminium

4.8 Periodic table

4.8.1 Describe the Mendeleev’s Periodic Table and the periodic law
- p-block, s-block, d-block and f-block
- Ordering of the elements
- Periods, groups and noble gases
4.8.2 Explain periodicity of the following as exemplified by Period 3; melting points,
atomic radii and ionic radii, and Ionisation energy, valence, electronegativity
4.8.3 Describe the trends down the groups using the following as examples:
 S-block
a. Reactions with water/steam and air
b. Reactions with acids

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

c. boiling points, melting points, atomic radii and ionic radii,

electrical conductivity, and ionisation energy
 Group IV
Explain the following term: -
a. Inert pair effect
b. Thermal stability of chlorides
c. Acid base behaviour of oxides
 Group VII
a. Describe the boiling points, melting points, atomic radii and
colour formation
b. Discuss the acid strength of the hydrogen halides

4.9 Chemical Bonding

4.9.1 Describe the following types of bonding:
- Ionic bonding as in NaCl, MgO including the use of the dot
and cross diagrams
- Covalent bonding- as in H2O, Cl2, HCl, CO2, CH4 and C2H6-
Sigma bonds (δ-bonds) and Pi -bonding (π-bond)
- Coordinate bonding (dative bonding) as in BF3NH3
- Metallic bonding in terms of lattice energy, vibration of atoms
4.9.2 Describe and predict the effect of different types of bonding on the
physical properties of substances
4.9.3 Explain the shapes and bond angles using simple examples such
as: trigonal planar e.g. BF3, tetrahedral e.g. CH4, pyramidal NH3
linear e.g. CO2, nonlinear H2O and octahedral SF6
4.9.4 Describe the following types of intermolecular forces
- hydrogen bonding
- induced dipole- induced dipole moments
- permanent dipole- permanent dipole moments

4.10 Transition elements

4.10.1 Define the term transition element
4.10.2 Explain the following physical and chemical properties of d-block
elements
a. High density
b. High melting points
c. Strong tendency to form complexes
d. Formation of coloured complexes
e. Para magnetism
f. Variable oxidation states
g. Catalytic activity

4.11 Organic Chemistry

4.11.1 Use and interpret the nomenclature and full structural formula of the
following classes in compounds:
a. Alkanes, alkenes and halogenoalkanes
b. Alcohols (including primary, secondary and tertiary) and aldehydes and
ketones
c. Carboxylic acids and esters

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d. Amines (primary only)

4.11.2 Define the following terminology used in organic chemistry

a. Functional groups
b. Homolytic and heterolytic fission
c. Isomerism
d. Homologous series

4.11.2 Describe the following types of isomerism:

a. Structural isomerism
b. Cis- trans isomerism

4.12 Hydrocarbons
4.12.1 Describe the free- radical substitution of ethane by chlorine and by bromine
4.12.2 Describe the general reactions
a. Electrophilic addition using bromine
b. Oxidation of alcohols
c. Esterification
(No mechanisms of reactions are required)
4.13 Aromatics
4.13.1 Describe the structure of benzene
4.13.2 Nomenclature of monosubstituted benzene
4.13.3 Describe nitration, halogenation and sulphonation of benzene
Practicals
Carry out the following Practicals:
The effect of change in concentration, temperature and use of catalysts.
Electrolysis and electrode potential experiments e.g. purification of copper by
electrolysis; production of oxygen by electrolysis of H2O & H2SO4.
Carry out practical to determine the enthalpy of neutralization using the equation Mc
∆T = Q.
Simple titrations involving other reagents may also be set but, where appropriate,
sufficient working details will be given.
tests for the following gases: NH3; CO2; Cl2; H2; O2
Carry out specified identification tests and make deductions from their observations.
They may be required to identify the following ions: Ca2+; Fe2+; Fe3+; Cu2+; Zn 2+;
Pb2+; Ag+; Cl -, SO42-

6.0 SUGGESTED RFERENCES

Hein,.B. & (2017) College Chemistry Brooks/Cole Publishing Montenery,

Pattison, L Company Carlifonia
Chritian, G. (2012) Analytical Chemistry Sounders Publishing Company New York

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

7.0 ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID

TOPIC N0 TOPIC WEIGHTING

1 Fundamental Concepts 6

2 Atomic Structure 7

3 Stoichiometry 7

4 Gas Laws 7

5 Reaction Kinetics 7

6 Chemical Equilibria 8

7 Electrochemistry 8

8 Periodicity 10

9 Chemical Bonding 12

10 Transition Elements 7

11 Organic Chemistry 7

12 Hydrocarbons 7

13 Aromatics 7

TOTAL 100

8.0 ASSESSMENT SCHEME

EXAMINABLE MODE OF ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING

SUBJECTS WRITTEN COURSEWORK
EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT
40% 60%
Chemistry 3hour paper A minimum of 100%
360/S01 2 assignments 20%
2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

SUBJECT TITLE: ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

SUBJECT CODE: 360/18/S02

DURATION: 200 Hours

1.0 AIM
At the end of the course the student should be able to analyse substances and identify
their application in the chemical and allied industry.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course trainee should be able to:
2.1 perform statistical calculations using given information

2.2 carry out sampling using different sampling methods

2.3 perform different types of titrations and carry out relevant calculations

2.4 carry out gravimetric analysis and relevant calculations

2.5 define chromatography, describe aspects of chromatographic methods and outline

its principles

2.6 outline theory and applications of visible and ultraviolet spectrophotometry

3.0 TOPICS

Statistics
Sampling and sample preparation
Acidimetry
Redox titration
Complexiotitration
Precipitate titrations
Gravimetric analysis

4.0 THEORY

4.1 STATISTICS
4.1.1 Distinguish between;
- Precision and accuracy
- Types of errors
(a) State different types of errors
(b) Suggest ways of minimizing errors

4.1.2 Calculate;
- Spread
- Mean
- Standard deviation (error)
- Variance

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4.1.3 Define from a set of data

- Confidence levels
- Limits
- Intervals

4.1.3 Carry out significance tests

- Q-test
- t-test
- F- test
- Linear regression, for given data.

4.2 SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PREPARATION

4.2.1 Describe the following types of sampling of materials:
- Liquids
- Powders
- Metal blocks and rocks
- Gases
4.2.2 Describe modes of sampling
- Ball mills
- Rifflers
4.2.3 Outline methods of reduction of size
- Coning
- Quartering
- Rolling
4.2.4 Describe methods of decomposing samples
- Water
- Mineral acids
- Mixed acids
- Bases
- Fluxes and fluxing agents

4.3 TITRIMETRY

4.3.1 Describe classical titrimetric techniques ie acidmetry, redox,argentometric and

precipitation.
4.3.2 State the properties of the following:
- primary standard
- secondary standard
4.3.3 Define the following terms:
- Molarity
- Normality
4.3.3 Calculate concentration using w/w%, v/v%, w/v%, ppm, ppt and ppb.
- Acidimetry
4.3.4 Plot the following titration curves:
- Strong acid-strong base titrations
- Strong acid – weak base titrations
- Weak acid – strong base tratrations
(a) Calculate pH and pOH.
(b) Select Ph indicators and state factors affecting choice.
(c) Prepare and use buffer solutions and state functions.
(d) Calculate the pH and pOH of buffer solution

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4.4 Redox Reactions

4.4.2 Define oxidation and reduction
4.4.3 Balance redox reaction equations in acid and bases.
4.4.4 State redox titration indicator.
4.4.5 Explain strength of H2O2.
4.4.6 Outline theory of reactions involving KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7
4.4.7 Calculation of reactions involving oxidising agents (KMnO4 and K2Cr2O7)
4.4.8 Distinguish iodimetry and iodometry titrations.
4.4.9 Explain use of starch in iodometric reactions.

4.5 COMPLEXIOMETRIC TITRATIONS

4.5.1 Define the following:
a) Ligand
b) Chelate
c) Complex
d) Formation constants

4.5.2 Describe complexiometric titrations (emphasis be placed on EDTA).

- State types of EDTA titrations.
- Select indicators and plotting titration curves.
4.5.3 Define masking and demasking agents.

4.6 PRECIPITATE TITRATIONS

4.6.1 Describe argentometric titrations i.e.
-Liebig method
-Mohr
-Volhard
-Fajans

4.7 GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS

4.7.1 Define precipitation and volatilization techniques
4.7.2 Describe precipitation, peptization, digestion, colloidal solutions,
contamination, washing, filtration, heat treatment (drying and /or ignition) and
weighing of precipitates.
4.7.3 Describe precipitation from homogeneous solution
4.7.4 Calculate gravimetric factor and percentage composition.
4.7.5 Outline theory of electrogravimetry

4.8 CHROMATOGRAPHIC SEPARATION

4.8.1 Define chromatography
4.8.2 Describe aspects of chromatographic methods under the following:
- Sample of preparation
- Choice of mobile phase
- Nature of stationary phase (liquids and solids)
- Sample interaction with stationary phase

4.8.3 Outline the basic principles of the following:

- Paper chromatography (partition)
- Thin layer chromatography (adsorption)

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.9 PRACTICALS
Sampling
- Sampling of metals, sands, powder, liquids and gases.
Titrimetry
- Preparation of constant boiling HCL and its standardization.
- Preparation and storage of carbonate-free NaOH.
- Titration of H2SO4 and fruit juices
- Titration of HCl, H2SO4 or HNO3 vs NaOH, Ba (OH) 2, KOH,
NaHCO3 or Na2CO3.
- Titration of CH3COOH vs strong acid.
- Preparation of buffer solutions.
Redox Titrations
-Determine Fe2+ using K2Cr2O7 or KmnO4.
-Determine copper using iodometric titration.
-Determine Mg2+ and Ca2+ in municipal and borehole water.
- Determine composition of brass alloy
-Determine halide ions except F-
-Determine silver ions
-Determine CNS-, CN-

-Determination of Ni, Fe, Ba, Mg and Pb.12

-Examine of constituents of an industrial dye by paper chromatography
-Separate leaf pigments by, column chromatography and thin-layer
chromatography.

6.0 ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID

TOPIC TOPIC WEIGHTING %

NUMBER
1 Statistics 13
2 Sampling and sample preparation 13
3 Acidimetry 20
4 Redox titration 13
5 Complexiotitration 14
6 Precipitate titrations 13
7 Gravimetric analysis 14
TOTAL 100

7.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCES

de la Guardia, M (2012) The Concept of Green Analytical Chemistry John Willey and Sons
Valcano M (2012) Principles of Analytical Chemistry
Louis J (2012) Ionic Equilibrium in Analytical Chemistry
Christian G D (2012) Analytical Chemistry
Hein,.B. & Pattison L.(2017) College Chemistry Brooks/Cole Publishing Company
Montenery Califonia

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

Skog West & Holler (2007) Analytical Chemistry Sounders Publishing Company New York
7.0 ASSESSMENT SCHEME

EXAMINABLE MODE OF ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING

SUBJECTS WRITTEN COURSEWORK
EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT
40% 60%
Analytical Chemistry 3 hour paper A minimum of
360/S02 2 assignments 20% 100%
2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

SUBJECT: BIOLOGY

CODE: 360/18/S03

DURATION 200 HOURS

1.0 AIM
The aim of the subject is to equip the trainee with the knowledge, skills and attitudes to apply
Biological principles, applications and techniques in Laboratory Technology.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of the course the student should be able to:

2.1 apply the principles of biology in the organisation and study of living things

2.2 use the microscope in the study of cells

2.3 determine the nutritional needs of humans at various stages and conditions

2.4 apply biochemical principles in solving biological problems

2.5 control diseases caused by parasites and microorganisms

2.6 apply genetic principles in reproduction

3.0 TOPICS

Organisation and Study of Living Organisms

Microscope Techniques
Microbiology
Biochemistry
Food and Human Nutrition
Parasitology
Immunity
Cell Division
Genetics
Human Reproduction
Reproduction in Plants
4.0 THEORY

4.1. ORGANIZATION AND STUDY OF LIVING ORGANISMS

4.1.1 Explain the characteristics of living things;

4.1.2 Group living organisms into various kingdoms, Phyla, classes, families,
genera, species and forms;
4.1.3 Name living organisms using the Binomial system of nomenclature
Biosystematics
4.1.4 Describe the prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells; and compare the prokaryotic and
eukaryotic cells with viruses;
4.1.5 Identify structure of a bacteria cell e.g. cell wall, cell membrane, nuclear
material, ribosomes, mesosomas, flagella, capsules and spores;

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.1.6 Describe the ultra-structure of the cell and structures like mitochondria,
chloroplasts, Golgi bodies, nucleus, rough and smooth endoplasmic reticulum,
flagella, microfilaments and microtubules, plasmodesmata, vacuoles, plasma
membrane- the fluid mosaic model, lysosomes, cell wall, basal bodies and
reserve materials;
4.1.7 Discuss the multicellularity and the specialisation of cells with reference to
specialised cells like red blood cells, white blood cells, neurons, xylem, phloem,
palisade and mesophyll cells in leaf (and stems of plants), guard cells and
stomata;
4.1.8 Types of viruses. Life cycle of a virus / bacteriophage lytic and lysogeny
4.1.9 Identify viruses and describe the life cycle of a typical viral particle using
bacteriophage as an example;

4.2 MICROSCOPE TECHNIQUES

4.2.1 State the functions of the parts of the microscope i.e. eye piece, lenses,
objectives, fine and course adjustment knobs, diaphragm, condenser, light
source stage, oil immersion objective.
4.2.2 Describe the use of and manipulation of the microscope resolving power;
4.2.3 Examine the following: using prepared slides;
4.2.4 Prepare wet mounts to illustrate a range of simple cells, yeast and leaf;
4.2.5 Smear preparation, fixing and staining of bacteria. E.g. Simple stains; Negative
staining; differential staining; Gram’s Stain Procedure; Specific stains for
bacterial cell; inclusions and Reserve material; Capsule stain; spore stain.
4.2.5 Examine prepared slides/specialised cells e.g. Amoeba, bacterial cells and
spores, photomicrographs of a range of cells e.g. blood cells, brain,
rods and cones of the eye, taste buds, cells for the sense smell; touch pain, and
cold/warmth;
4.2.6 Describe specialised microscope techniques e.g. electron microscope, scanning
microscopy, ultraviolet microscope, Dansfield microscopy, fluoroscope
microscopy, Phase contrast, Freeze etching and replica techniques; and
4.2.7 Discuss the hanging drop technique and smear technique using microbes like
bacteria and yeasts/protists

4.3 MICROBIOLOGY.

4.3.1 Classify bacteria according to shape e.g. bacilli, cocci, vibrio, spirilla
according to Bergey’s manual of Bacteriology;
4.3.2 Describe the Effects of oxygen; water; Ph; heat; toxic substances on growth of
bacteria
4.3.3 Outline the bacterial growth phase
4.3.4 Describe aseptic techniques:
- Sterilization techniques and applications:
- Wet and dry heat sterilization,
- Methods of checking sterilization; spore/strip preparations.
- Chemical disinfections and antiseptics
- Bacterial filters and lyophilization
4.3.5 Describe culturing of bacteria
- Preparation of different types of media; broths; slopes; streak plates;
hay infusions, serial dilutions; pure cultures.

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

- Use of incubators, aseptic chambers during inoculation and cultivation of

bacteria;
- use of inoculating chambers.
- dispose used cultures safety
- methods of preserving cultures including freeze –drying and
lyophilization and refrigeration
4.3.6 State the industrial use of microorganisms
4.3.7 Describe the National Health standards for portable water
4.3.8 Describe the process for (Basic concepts and visits)
 purification of water
 sewer

4.4 BIOCHEMISTRY:

4.4.1 Define enzymes

4.4.3 Describe lock and key hypothesis
4.4.2 State characteristic of enzymes
4.4.3 Define enzyme inhibition
4.4.4 Define photosynthesis and site in leaf
4.4.5 Describe the conversion of light energy into chemical energy with reference to
the Z – scheme (light phase and dark phase).
4.4.6 Define respiration
4.4.7 Outline the stages of glycolysis and Krebs cycle. (knowledge of enzymes and
cofactors is not necessary).
4.4.8 Proteins
 Give the general structure of amino acids
 Distinguish between essential and nonessential amino acids
 Describe the functions of proteins to health and enzymes
4.4.9 Fats
 Describe the structure and classification of fats
 Distinguish between Saturated and unsaturated fats
4.4.10 Carbohydrates
 Describe the structure of glucose
 Classify sugars
- reducing and nonreducing
- monosaccharide, disaccharides, etc
4.4.11 Vitamins
 Classify vitamins into Fat and water-soluble
 Give the sources and functions of vitamins A, B-12, C and D

4.5 FOOD AND HUMAN NUTRITION

4.5.1 Discuss causes of malnutrition due to: ignorance, loneliness,

mental disturbance physical disability, poverty, alcoholism, therapeutic and
appetite.
4.5.2 Describe the human digestive system
4.5.3 Outline the digestion and absorption of proteins, fats and
carbohydrate.
4.5.4 Describe the functions of the liver

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.6 PARASITOLOGY

4.6.1 Classify and Identify different types of parasites eg Endo- and Ecto-Parasites.
4.6.2 Describe the life cycle of the
 Malaria Parasite;
 Bilharzia Parasites;
4.6.3 Collect specimens of urine, faeces; and carry out laboratory diagnosis and
examinations for parasites that cause diseases.

4.7 DEASES AND IMMUNITY

4.7.1 Give examples of diseases caused by

 Viruses

 Bacteria

 Yeasts and fungi

4.7.2 Define immunity

4.7.3 Distinguish types of immunity

4.8 CELL DIVISION

4.8.1 Describe the cell cycle
4.8.2 Describe the significance of mitosis in life, growth and reproduction
4.8.3 Describe mitosis under the following:
- interphase, prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase

4.8.4 describe meiosis

4.8.5 Explain the significance of meiosis to reproduction and life

4.8.6 State the difference between mitosis and meiosis

4.8.7 Describe the structure of DNA and RNA

4.8.8 Differentiate between DNA and RNA
4.8.9 Describe replication, transcription and protein synthesis
-
4.9 GENETICS

4.9.1 Define genetics

4.9.2 Describe monohybrid inheritance and the principle of segregation Mendel’s first
law)
4.9.3 Solve problems involving a single character
4.9.4 Explain the following terms: gene, allele, locus, homozygous,
heterozygous, phenotype, genotype, dominant, recessive, F1 generation
and F2 generation
4.9.5 Explain the significance of backcross or test cross

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.9.6 Describe dihybrid inheritance and the principle of independent assortment

4.9.7 Define:
 sex linked inherited traits
 multiple alleles
 incomplete dominance
 human karyotype

4.12 HUMAN REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

4.12.1 Describe the female and male reproductive systems

4.12.2 Describe the female menstrual cycle and hormonal control of
the oestrus cycle in the human female
4.12.3 Describe the process of fertilization and development of the embryo up to
process of birth
4.12.4 Describe the structure of the placenta as well as its functions plus the
functions of the amnion
4.12.5 list the factors which affect foetal development
4.12.6 Give the methods of contraceptives and their advantages and disadvantages

4.13 REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

4.13.1 Differentiate asexual and sexual reproduction in plants
4.13.2 Explain the role of the following plant organs in sexual reproduction:
spore, bud, bulb, corn, rhizome, stolon, runner, tuber, cuttings
4.13.3 Describe the sexual reproduction in plants
4.13.4 Identify the different types of seeds and fruits

4.14 PRACTICALS
4.14.1 Explain the use and care of a microscope and identify all the parts
4.14.2 Look at the preserved specimens of parasites
4.14.3 Observe preserved specimens of living organisms including preserved slides of
cells and tissues
4.14.4 Prepare hay infusions, wet mounts and whole mounts
4.14.5 Identify and use dissecting instruments
4.14.6 Operate the automatic tissue processor and produce various stains for
histological tissues
4.14.7 Carry out various tests for the following: proteins, fats, carbohydrates,
Vitamin C, sugars and amino acids
4.14.8 Determine the amount of water and dietary fiber in manufactured foods e.g.
baby cereals and breakfast cereals etc.
4.14.9 Carry out paper chromatography on various biological specimens
4.14.10Carry out the measurement of photosynthesis in elodea and the production of
Carbon Dioxide (CO2)
4.14.11Demonstrate the need for chlorophyll for photosynthesis using the variegated
leaf
4.14.12Demonstrate the uptake of Oxygen (O2) using the locust
4.14.13Breath CO2 into lime water
4.14.14Demonstrate the effects of temperature, pH, substrate concentration and
enzyme concentration on enzyme
4.14.15Demonstrate the following: osmosis, diffusion, selective transport, use of
dialysis tubing and potassium permanganate
4.14.16Look for moulds on bread

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.14.17Cultivate yeast cells

4.14.18Prepare bacterial smears and stain them
4.14.19Prepare blood smears and stains them
4.14.20 Carry out the Gram’s stain procedure and differential staining procedures e.g.
capsule stain and flagella stain
4.14.21Demonstrate the use of pressure cookers, autoclaves, hot air ovens in
sterilization
4.14.22Prepare culture media, broths using incubators and inoculating chambers under
aseptic techniques
4.14.23Carry out industrial visits to sewage works and water purification plants
4.14.24Dispose old cultures under safe conditions e.g. incineration and burning
4.14.25Observe chromosomes in locust testis
4.14.26And plant root tips etc. to illustrate mitosis and meiosis in plant/flower anthers
4.14.27Work out problems in genetics following Mendelian inheritance and laws of
inheritance
4.14.28Collect various types of tubers, cuttings, runners, stolons, bulbs, rhizomes,
buds, sores for asexual reproduction in plants
4.14.29Produce charts showing development of human embryo in the human
4.14.30Look at preserved specimens of animals especially embryos of animals and
specimens of other organisms

5.0 SPECIFICATION GRID

TOPIC WEIGHT
1 Organization and Study of Living Organisms 10
2 Microscope Techniques 10
3 Microbiology 10
4 Biochemistry 10
5 Food and Human Nutrition 8
6 Parasitology 9
7 Immunity 10
8 Cell Division 8
9 Genetics 10
10 Human Reproduction 8
11 Reproduction in Plants 7
TOTAL 100

6.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCES

Fried, G., Hademenos, G. and Fried, G. (2013). Biology. New York: McGraw-Hill Education.
Hugo, W. and Stenlake, J. (2014). An Introduction to Microbiology. Burlington: Heinemann
Medical/Elsevier Science.
Jones, M., Fosbery, R., Gregory, J. and Taylor, D. (2014). Cambridge International AS and
A’ Level Biology Coursebook. 4th Ed. Cambridge: Cambridge university press.
Lodish, H. (2016). Molecular cell biology. New York, NY: Freeman.
Urry, L., Wasserman, S., Cain, M., Campbell, N., Reece, J., Minorsky, P. and Meyers, N.
(2014). Campbell Biology. 10th Ed. United States: Pearson.
Wilson and Walker (2018). Principles and Techniques of Biochemistry and Molecular
Biology 8th Edition. Cambridge University Press.
Kenneth M, George J, Jonathan L, Susan S (2018). Understanding Biology, 2nd Edition.
McGraw Hill Education, United States

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 NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

Mackean D. G. (2014). Cambridge IGCSE Biology 3rd Edition. Hodder Education.

7.0 ASSESSMENT SCHEME

EXAMINABLE MODE OF ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING

SUBJECTS WRITTEN CONTINUOUS
EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT
40% 60%
Biology 3 hour paper A minimum of
360/S03 2 assignments 20% 100%
2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%

26
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

SUBJECT: MATHEMATICS

CODE : 360/18/S04

DURATION: 120 HOURS

1.0 AIM

The aim of the subject is to equip the trainee with the knowledge, skills and attitudes of
mathematics.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the subject, the graduate will be able to: -

2.1 solve problems in different topics
2.1 apply the mathematical problem-solving skills and knowledge to their fields of
work.

3.0 TOPICS

Indices and Logarithms

Algebraic Manipulation of
Exponential and Logarithmic
Functions
Quadratic Equations
Coordinate Geometry
Trigonometric Function
Error Analysis
Calculus
Integration
Statistics and Probability

4.0 THEORY

4.1. Indices and Logarithms

4.1.1 Positive, negative and zero exponents.

4.1.2 Operations with exponents leading to logarithmic functions.
4.1.3 Laws of logarithms such as logx (a x b), logx (a/b), logx am; Napemia logarithms.
4.1.4 Computation using logarithms in problems involving pH.

4.2 Algebraic Manipulation of Exponential and Logarithmic functions

4.2.1 Graphical representation of ex and ln x.

4.2.2 Solving equation involving ex and ln x.
4.2.3 Application to radioactivity and bacterial growth.

4.3 Quadratic equations

4.3.1 Solving quadratic equations by using completing square method (include example
on perfect square functions).

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.4 Coordinate geometry

4.4.1 Linear equations of the form y = mx + c.

4.4.2 Linear graphs and slopes.

4.4.3 Finding co-ordinates of intersection of diagonals of polygons such as

parallelograms, rhombus and squares.
4.4.4 Finding distance between two points.
4.4.5 Finding areas under the graphs of linear functions.
4.4.6 Finding areas of triangles using the appropriate formula.

4.5 Trigonometric functions

4.5.1 Introduction to trigonometric ratios.

4.5.2 Algebraic manipulation of trigonometric identities such as (Sin (A
B), Cos (A B), Sin 2A, Cos 2B etc.
4.5.3 Factor formulas
4.5.4 Graphical representation of Sin x, Cos x and Tan x, descriptive
and mathematical interpretation of phase and amplitude.

4.6 Error analysis

4.6.1 Precision, accuracy

4.6.2 Significant figures and rules of computation.
4.6.3 Errors determination from instruments.
4.6.4 Addition and subtraction of factors with errors.
4.6.5 Multiplication and division of factors with errors.

4.7 Calculus

4.7.1 Differentiation:

- Introduction to differentiation – First Principles (differentiation);

application in finding gradient of a tangent at a point in a curve.
- Product rule, quotient rule and exponent rule in differentiation.
- Differentiation of simple fractional functions.
- Differentiation of function of a function (including exponential and
logarithmic function)

4.8 Integration

4.8.1 Introduction to integration as the reverse of differentiation (Knowledge

on finding areas by integration is essential in order to understand the
application)
4.8.2 Definite and indefinite integration of simple functions such as (acn + bkn-1 + C) is
essential; n = 1, 2, .... an integer.
4.8.3 Integration of function of a function such as (ax + b)n where n  3 is essential.
4.8.4 Integration of simple exponential and trigonometric functions such as Asin
and

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.9 Statistics and probability

4.9.1 Collection and classification of raw data

4.9.2 Representation of data in tabular and graphical forms. (Histogram, cumulative

frequency curves etc).

4.9.3 Standard deviation, and variance.

4.9.4 Data analysis and descriptive statistics; measures of central

tendency for grouped and ungrouped continuous data or discrete data e.g.
mean, mode and median.

4.9.5 Definition of probability: simple problems representing the problem in tree-

diagrams and graphical forms (such problems with aims and die).

5.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCES

1. Bostock and Chandler (2018) Pure Mathematics I Oxford University Press

2. Crawshan J. & Chambers J. (2014) A concise Course in Advanced Statistics 4th
Edition, Amazon

ASSESSMENT SCHEME

EXAMINABLE MODE OF ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING

SUBJECTS WRITTEN COURSEWORK
EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT
40% 60%
Mathematics 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
360/S04 2 assignments 20%
2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%

EXAMINATION FORMAT
A 3 hour paper will be written at the end of course as follows: -

SECTION A:
Candidates to answer all questions (40 marks)

SECTION B:
Candidates to answer any three questions from the given four or five questions
(60 marks)

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

SUBJECT: PHYSICS

SUBJECT CODE: 360/18/S06

DURATION: 200 HOURS

1. AIM

The aim of this subject is to equip the trainee with the knowledge, skills and attitudes of
the principles and techniques of physics.

2. LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of the course the trainee should be able to:-

2.1 record accurate, precise and reliable measurements from various instruments.
2.2 Calculate scalar and vector quantities
2.3 Explain the thermal properties of matter
2.4 Demonstrate the mechanical properties of matter
2.5 Explain generation of electricity from various sources
2.6 Explain the generation and effect of nucleicproperties.

1. TOPICS

Quantities and Units of Measurement

Mechanics
Thermal Properties of Matter
Mechanical Properties
Waves and Optics
Electricity and Magnetism
Electronics
Atomic and Nuclear Structure
Introduction to nanotechnology

4.0 THEORY

4.1 QUANTITIES AND UNITS OF MEASUREMENT

4.1.1 Distinguish between basic and derived SI units

4.1.2 Check the consistency of equations using dimensional analysis.
4.1.3 Convert measurements between the SI (MKS) and other systems like the Metric
(cgs) system.
4.1.4 Record correctly, Vernier, micrometer analogue, digital and graphic displays e.g.
CRO.
4.1.5 Device methods to carry out accurate, precise and reliable measurements in
experimental work.
4.1.6 Evaluate the uncertainty in the termination of a quantity from empirical data.
4.1.7 Describe calibration, log sheet generation and calibration report

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.2. MECHANICS

4.2.1 Differentiate between scalar and vector quantities

4.2.2 Apply displacement, velocity and acceleration in kinematics.
4.2.3 Apply the equations for motion. (s = ut +½ at 2 and v2 = u2 + 2as, for motion under
constant acceleration.
4.2.4 Interpret displacement – time, velocity – time and acceleration –time, graphs.
4.2.5 Analyse motion in a plane under freefall using the rectangular components of
velocity and acceleration.
4.2.6 Apply Newton’s laws of motion.
4.2.7 Apply the principles of conservation of momentum and energy when analysing
head-on collisions of bodies.
4.2.8 Apply moment of a force, torque and a couple in rigid bodies and structures.
4.2.9 Describe the desirable and undesirable effects of friction in systems and machines.
4.2.10 Show the relationship between energy and work under the gravitation field.
4.2.11 Calculate angular velocity, centripetal free and acceleration and describe the
application in centrifuges.

4.3. THERMAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

4.3.1 Describe how a temperature scale is based on a property that is a function of

temperature e.g. the Celsius scale uses the ice and steam points.
4.3.2 Compare the range, sensitivity and accuracy of thermometers based on
thermometric properties
4.3.3 Relate the thermodynamic; absolute scale to the mean kinetic energy of particles in
a body.
4.3.4 State the triple point temperature of water
4.3.5 Interconvert Celsius and Kelvin.
4.3.6 Determine specific latent heat and heat capacity of materials using the method of
mixtures and heating effect of a current.
4.3.7 Describe the models and applications of heat transfer by conduction, convection
and radiation
4.3.8 Outline how thermal expansion of solids is applied in thermostats
4.3.9 Apply the equation of state of an ideal gas: PV = nRT.

4.4. MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER

4.4.1 Use the kinetic – particle theory of matter to explain the mechanical properties
of matter in the solid, liquid and gas phases.
4.4.2 Use Hooke’s Law to define the stiffness elasticity and strength of a solid
material.
4.4.3 Define Young’s; modulus of elasticity with E =  /  where J = stress and 
= strain.
4.4.4 Calculate stress, strain, forces and deformation of bodies under compressive,
tensile and shearing forces.
4.4.5 State and apply Archimedes principle e.g. hydrometer.
4.4.6 Show that the pressure due to a liquid of density  at a depth h
p = ρgh.
4.4.7 Apply Pascal’s principles in hydraulic systems barometres and manometers.
4.4.8 Use the principle of conservation of energy to derive the Bernoulli equation.

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

P+ ½ ρv2 + ρgh = constant for an ideal fluid

4.4.9 Distinguish, with illustrations of streamlines, between laminar and turbulent
flow
4.4.10Describe the principles of operation of the filter, pump, carburetor, venturimeter
and pitot tubes.
4.4.11Explain the nature and effects of surface tension, capillarity and viscosity
4.4.12Describe the origin of pressure due to a gas and its applications using the gas
laws

4.5. WAVES AND OPTICS

4.5.1 Cite examples of transverse and longitudinal wave motion and show their
difference
4.5.2 Use diagrams to define wavelengths λ amplitude (γ), period T and phase  of a
wave motion
4.5.3 Apply the equations:-
- c= f
- y (t) = A sin (wt ±  )
4.5.4 State that a source of sound must be vibrating in a medium
4.5.5 Explain how beats and standing waves are created using the principle of
superposition.
4.5.6 Define the decibel dß, the unit for sound levels
4.5.7 Describe how diffraction of light slits and gratings forms fringes in the
spectrophotometer.
4.5.8 Recall and use the laws of
- Reflection and
- Refraction
4.5.9 Draw ray diagrams to show how images are formed in a plane mirror,
magnifying glass camera, microscope
4.5.10 Recall Snell’s law and use it to determine the critical angle of a material.

4.5.11 Explain why an electron microscope has higher resolution than an optical
microscope

4.6 ELECTRICITY AND MAGNETISM

4.6.1 Describe how a body is charged by friction and induction.

4.6.2 Describe the configuration of an electric field using lines of force.
F
4.6.3 Define electrified strength E =
q
4.6.4 Explain the charging and discharging of parallel plate capacitor with
and without a dielectric material.
4.6.5 Calculate the capacitance, charge, potential difference and energy store
and the simple capacitor.
4.6.1 Calculate pds, circuit resistance, power and energy in circuit elements.
4.6.7 Explain the principles of the potential divider, potentiometer and
Wheatstone bridge.
4.6.8 Charge sensitivity of voltmeters and ammeters using series and shunt
resistors

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.6.9 Explain how a torque is created in the electric motor and moving coil
meter (d’Arsonval movement)
4.6.12 Outline the principle of operation of a mass spectrometer Geiger
Muller tube, flame detectors
4.6.13 Recall and apply Faradays and Lenz’s laws in the transformer, dynamo and
alternator inductor
4.6.14 Explain the heating, chemical, lighting and magnetic effect of current in the
laboratory
4.6.15 Explain why electric power is generated and distributed as A.C.

4.7 ELECTRONICS

4.7.1 explain the electrical properties of metals, semiconductors and insulators using
the bond model of electrons in solids
4.7.2 Describe how doping is used to fabricate P-type and N-type semiconductor
material
4.7.3 explain use of the I – V characteristics of a P- N junction to act as a rectifier i.e.
non-Ohmic.
4.7.4 Draw half –wave and full-wave rectifier currents and compare their output
waveforms with CRO
4.7.5 Outline how capacitors are used in smoothing rectified DC and Zener diode
regulation of the output using the CRO to investigate the action of each device
4.7.6 Draw circuit symbols for NPN and PNP transistors showing the biasing, input
and output ports of configuration.
4.7.7 Explain how the transistor can be used as an amplifier or a switch
4.7.8 Identify four/ five band resistors (not capacitors and inductors) using colour
code

4.8. ATOMIC AND NUCLEAR STRUCTURE

4.8.1 explain the characteristic atomic absorption and emission spectra of elements
using the Bohr model
4.8.2 Describe radioactive decay using nuclear reaction equations for αβ and γ
emission
4.8.3 State and apply the radioactive decay law.
dN
=- N
dt
4.8.4 Outline the use of radioactive materials in dating rock and fossils, tracing,
medicine, biology and engineering, radiography and radiotherapy.
4.8.5 Describe how x-rays are generated and their uses in radiography and
crystallography.
4.8.6 State the hazards associated with ionising radiations and the precautions that
must be taken
4.8.7 Relate the changes of radiation to energy (frequency) charge and mass.
4.8.8 apply the equation for attenuation of radiation, N = No e-λt

4.9 INTRODUCTION TO NANOMATERIALS

4.9.1 define the term nanotechnology
4.9.2 describe the brief history of nanotechnology
4.9.3 discuss the challenges of nanotechnology
4.9.4 Describe the properties of nanomaterials

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

5.0 ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID

TOPIC WEIGHT
1 Quantities and Units of Measurement 10
2 Mechanics 10
3 Thermal Properties of Matter 15
4 Mechanical Properties 15
5 Waves and Optics 10
6 Electricity and Magnetism 15
7 Electronics 10
8 Atomic and Nuclear Structure 10
9 Introduction to nanotechnology 5
TOTAL 100

6.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCE BOOKS

Duncan, T. and Kennett, H. (2000). Advanced physics. London: John Murray.

Bowen-Jones, M. and Homer, D. (2014). Ib Physics Online Course Book 2014. Oxford Univ
Pr.
Crundell, M. (2014). Cambridge International AS and A Level Physics 2nd ed. 2nd ed. Hodder
Education.

6.ASSESSMENT SCHEME

EXAMINABLE MODE OF ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING

SUBJECTS WRITTEN COURSEWORK
EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT
40% 60%
Physics 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
360/S06 2 assignments 20%
2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%

Structure of Question Paper

A three-hour paper will be written at the end of the course with the following
structure.

1. Section A (40 marks)

Short answer structured questions. Candidates to answer ALL questions

2. Section B (60 marks)

5x20 mark structured questions or essays. Candidates to attempt ANY three

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

SUBJECT: LABORATORY SAFETY AND PRACTICE

CODE: 360/18/S07

DURATION: 100 HOURS

1.0 AIM:

The aim of this subject is to equip the trainee with the knowledge, skills and attitudes of
laboratory safety practice.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES:

At the end of the course, the graduate should be able to: -

2.1 Describe basic laboratory rules, fundamental concepts and skills

2.2 Identify risk and hazards associated with chemicals and safety at work places
2.3 explain the laboratory activities legal framework.
2.4 Outline function of different laboratories
2.5 Discuss handling, classification and storage of toxic substances
2.6 Perform housekeeping in the laboratory
2.7 handle appropriately chemicals, biological specimens, tools and equipment
2.8 apply fire emergency procedures in fire outbreak.
2.9 Carry out first aid procedure

3.0 TOPICS

Basic – Rules Fundamental Concepts and Laboratory Skills

Safety at Work Places

Technicians and the Law

Safety Aspects of Designing Laboratories

Industrial and Laboratory Health

Laboratory Records and Waste Management

Care Handling and Storage

Tools and Equipment

Fire Safety

First Aid

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.0 THEORY

4.1. BASIC-RULES FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS AND LABORATORY SKILLS

4.1.1 explain laboratory code of conduct, corrosive and toxic substance which react
with water, flammable solvents and gases, solid carbon dioxide and liquefied
gases, mercury handling and carrying Winchester.
4.1.2 Explain the use of fume cupboards, safety screens and personal protection
clothing and equipment
4.1.3 Weighing: methods of weighing and types of balances.
4.1.4 Volumetric glassware: types, grading, use, cleaning and calibration of
volumetric glassware.
4.1.5 Perform house-keeping: disinfect work area, setting up equipment
4.1.6 Identify hazards and risks associated with acids, bases, flammables, radioactive
materials and handling of various instruments

4.2 SAFETY AT WORK PLACES

4.2.1 Identify hazards and associated risks

4.2.2 Analyse how hazards and risks are going to affect the user and the environment
4.2.3 describe causes and types of injuries: Injuries with bleeding, without bleeding,
injuries due to over exposure.
4.2.4 Describe the cost implications of work places injuries:
4.2.5 Give an insight into the material, human and time costs of accidents at work
places.
4.2.6 report and record accidents: analysis of accident data and determination of causes
4.2.7 describe use of rules, regulations and statutes at work places.

4.3 TECHNICIANS AND THE LAW (NOTE THAT THE LAWS CHANGE FROM
TIME TO TIME)

4.3.1 describe the relevant legal framework of laboratory activities in respect of the
themes of:
 Health and Safety at Work Act, chapter 12
 Factories and Works Act, chapter 283
 Pneumoconiosis Act, chapter 327
 The Explosives Act, chapter 307

4.3.2 describe purchasing procedures of duty-free alcohol.

4.4 SAFETY ASPECTS OF DESIGNING LABORATORIES

4.4.1 Function

- list different types of laboratories (laboratory built for a specific function).

4.4.2 Location

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

- discuss the significance of site choice and location of laboratories with

respect to the rest of the plant.

4.4.3 Capacity

- explain the importance of safe areas allocation to individuals and

equipment in a laboratory.

4.4.4 Ventilation

- explain the importance, advantages and disadvantages of natural

and artificial ventilation.
- identify the times to use fans and fume cupboards.
- indicate the positioning of fans on ducts.

4.4.5 Lighting

- discuss the importance, advantages and disadvantages of natural and

artificial light.
- describe the effect of buildings orientation on the availability of
natural light.
- choose between fluorescent and filament type of lamps
- discuss the effects of lighting on people, buildings and equipment.
- describe the use of lighting conductors and earthing.

4.4.5 Floors

- select the appropriate floor material for different types of laboratories.

- describe the importance of non-slippery floors.

4.4.6 Layout

- discuss floor markings and equipment layout.

- secure equipment to floors and benches.
- discuss the use of separating different activities.

4.4.7 Noise and Vibrations

- discuss the harmful effects of noise and vibrations on human beings and
on equipment
- discuss the reduction of these in the laboratory

4.4.8 Work Benches

- describe the advantages and disadvantages of using concrete, wood

metal and polymer work surfaces.

4.4.9 Drains

- Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using porcelain and plastics

in the construction of drains.

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

- maintain drains.

4.4.10 Power

- Discuss the hazards associated with sources of power (batteries, means).

- Discuss the necessity of installing single and three phase power
supply points.

4.4.11 Gas

- Describe the safe use of fuel gases.

4.4.12 Water

- Discuss the need for the installation of different sizes and types of water
supplies.
- State the need to install drinking water points.

4.5 INDUSTRIAL AND LABORATORY HEALTH

4.5.1 Routes of Entry

- Discuss how toxic substances enter the body by ingestion, injection, skin
absorption and inhalation.

4.5.2 Discuss the classification of toxic substances as follows.

- Irritants
- Systemic poisons that affect particular systems
- Depressants and narcotics with temporary effects
- Asphyxiates which cause suffocation
- Carcinogens which cause cancer
- Teratogens which affect the foetus
- Mutagens, which affect the genes.

4.5.3 Outline the factors to be considered in the storage of chemicals.

- poisons
- flammable substances
- radioactive substances

4. 5.4 Effects of Radiations

- Outline the sources of ionizing radiations
- Describe methods of disposal of radioactive material
- Understand the environmental impact of radioactive waste.

4.6 LABORATORY RECORDS AND WASTE MANAGEMENT

4.6.1 Stock management

- Demonstrate the following: stock taking, stock receiving, stock storage and stock
issuing

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.6.2 Identification

- explain the importance of labelling.

- describe methods of labelling glassware and equipment
- explain the importance of sign posters their use.
- describe the importance of colour codes.
- describe colour codes used as indicators of toxicity of chemicals and pesticides.
-describe colour codes used in the wiring of three phase and single-
phase appliances.
- describe the colour codes used in the identification of compressed gas cylinders.
-describe the colour codes used for service supplies

- electricity
- fuel gas pipes
- cold water
- hot water
- steam
- acetylene
- vacuum.

4.6.3 Waste management

- outline types waste generated in the laboratories

- outline handling of different waste (solid, liquid (spillages) and gases.
- explain the use of different waste bins.
- Outline conditions for waste management
- select appropriate waste disposal procedure

4.7 CARE, HANDLING AND STORAGE

4.7.1 Biological Specimens

- describe the storage of biological specimens.

- explain the handling of laboratory animals i.e. rabbits, rats, mice, guinea
pigs, primates, insects e.g. locust.
- maintain laboratory animal houses.
- outline the law relating to the use of Laboratory animals (Humane killing)

4.7.2 Tools and Equipment

- demonstrate the care and use Vernier calipers, micrometers, balances, volumetric
glassware, multimeters, microscopes, recorders, cameras, platinum ware
autoclaves, centrifuges and dissecting instruments.

4.8 FIRE SAFETY

4.8.1 Precautions

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

- describe precautions to be taken in the prevention of fires

4.8.2 Fire Emergency

Explain the following: -

- action to take on discovering a fire.
- firefighting.
- evacuation procedures.

4.8.3 Fire Fighting

- describe the use of the fire triangle.

- classify fire extinguishers used according to the type of flammable
material involved in the fire

4.8.4 Electrical Equipment

-describe effects of electric current

-wire correctly a 13 A plug
- differentiate single and 3 phase supplies.

4.8.5 Using Mechanical Equipment

- demonstrate the of cause fires by friction

- demonstrate generation of static electricity.

4.9 First Aid

4. 9.1 Equipment

- list the contents of first aid boxes.

- explain the positioning of first aid box, eye wash station and emergency
shower.
- desribe the importance of first aid charts.

4. 9.2 Priorities

- explain action to be taken on discovering a casualty.

- describe the importance of knowing emergency telephone numbers.
- describe the procedure when attending to a casualty.

4. 9.3 Performance

- describe how to attend to fractures, bleeding, burns and scalds, poisons,

shock and unconsciousness.
- apply methods of artificial respiration and heart massage.

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

5.0 SPECIFICATION GRID

TOPIC WEIGHT
1 Basic – Rules Fundamental Concepts and Laboratory Skills 13
2 Safety at Work Places 11
3 Technicians and the Law 9

4 Safety Aspects of Designing Laboratories 8

5 Industrial and Laboratory Health 8
6 Laboratory Records and Waste Management 11
7 Care Handling and Storage 9
8 Tools and Equipment 11
9 Fire Safety 10
10 First Aid 10
100

REFERENCES
1. Diberardins L.J, Baum J.S (2013).Guidelines for laboratory design, Health, Safety
and environmental considerations, 4th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
2. Manuele F. A (2013).On the Practice of Safety, 4th Edition. John Wiley & Sons, Inc
3. Scangio D (2016). Complete Guide to Laboratory Safety. HCPro a division of BLR.
4. Pastry J. (2015). Clinical Laboratory Science Review: A Bottom line approach,5 th
Edition. Louisiana State University Health Sciences Centre Foundation.
5. Furr K. (2015). Handbook of Laboratory Safety, 5th Edition. CRC Press .Boca
Rotan.

ASSESSMENT SCHEME

EXAMINABLE MODE OF ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING

SUBJECTS WRITTEN COURSEWORK
EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT
40% 60%
Laboratory Safety and 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%
Practice 2 assignments 20%
360/S07 2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%

41
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

SUBJECT: COMMUNICATION SKILLS

CODE: 356/19/S05

DURATION: 80 HOURS

1.0 AIM

At the end of the course the graduate should be able to apply communication skills and
development for effective dissemination of information.

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

At the end of the course the graduate should be able

2.1 to communicate at all level in verbal and other forms of communication as
relevant to industry.
2.2 describe organisational structure
2.3 draft business letter
2,4 exercise etiquette on the phone
2,5 produce a report

3.0 TOPICS

INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION
BUSINESS LETTER
INTERVIEWS
TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION
MEETINGS
REPORT WRITING
COMPREHENSION, SUMMARY AND USE OF ENGLISH
COMMUNICATION PRACTICALS

4.0 CONTENT

4.1 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION

4.1.1 Discuss the following classification of communication

- Interpersonal communication
- Intrapersonal communication
- Mass communication

4.1.2 Explain the communication theory

4.1.3 Discuss the models of communication
4.1.4 Discuss verbal and non-verbal communication
4.1.5 Describe what communication breakdown is

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.2 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION

4.2.1 Discuss the structure of business organization under the following headings

- Shareholders
- Board of directors
- General Manager
- Executives
- Staff and functions of different departments

4.2.2 Discuss customer care

4.2.3 Discuss Public Relations
4.3 MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION

4.3.1 Discuss the structure and lines of communication

4.3.2 Explain the advantages and disadvantages of informal communication
4.3.3 Discuss the role of the workers committee and their relationship with
management and the labour movement.

4.4 BUSINESS LETTER

4.4.1 Classify business letters as person to firm, firm to person and firm to firm.
4.4.2 Discuss the layout of a business letter
4.4.3 Discuss the following types of letters

- Enquiry, request and response letter

- Quotation letters
- Order letters and acknowledgement letters
- Complaint and adjustment letter
- Application letter
- Curriculum vitae
- Memorandum

4.5 INTERVIEWS

4.5.1 Discuss the following forms of interviews:

- Appraisal
- Promotion
- Grievance
- Reprimands and disciplinary
- Dismissal and voluntary
- Selection

4.6 TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION

4.6.1 Discuss the correct usage of the telephone

4.6.2 Familiarize with various telephone systems
4.6.3 Give the International Phonetic Alphabet

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.7 MEETINGS

4.7.1 Describe the following types of meetings:

- Formal
- Committee meetings
- Command meeting

4.7.2 Prepare notices, agenda and minutes of meetings

4.7.3 Describe how meetings are conducted
4.7.4 Discuss the role of the Chairperson, Secretary, Treasure and Committee
members

4.8 REPORT WRITING

4.8.1 Describe how the following reports are written

- Progress/routine
- Examination /investigation
- Recommendatory
- Accident report

4.8.2 Explain the basic concepts in project writing.

4.9 COMPREHENSION, SUMMARY AND USE OF ENGLISH

4.9.1 Demonstrate the ability to pick out important facts

4.9.2 Discuss language acquisition and usage
4.9.3 Demonstrate the ability to read and comprehend
4.9.4 Avoid linguistic abuse
4.9.5 Apply style and tone accordingly
4.9.6 Use business vocabulary

SUGGESTED COMMUNICATION PRACTICALS

Carry out debates on the following topics:

- The role of the international organizations in the development of the
third world countries
- Perform dramas on AIDS
- The advantages of employing a Public Relations Officer in an
Organization.
Present a five-minute impromptu speech
Present a ten-minute prepared speech

5.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCES

6.0 ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID

TOPIC WEIGHT
1 INTRODUCTION TO COMMUNICATION 15

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

2 BUSINESS COMMUNICATION 15

3 MANAGEMENT COMMUNICATION 10

4 BUSINESS LETTER 15

5 INTERVIEWS 10

6 TELEPHONE COMMUNICATION 10

7 MEETINGS 10

8 REPORT WRITING 5

9 COMPREHENSION, SUMMARY AND USE OF ENGLISH 10

TOTAL 100

7.0 ASSESSMENT SCHEME

EXAMINABLE SUBJECTS MODE OF ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING

WRITTEN COURSEWORK
EXAMINATION ASSESSMENT

60% 40%

5. Communication and 3 hour paper A minimum of 100%

Development studies 2 assignments 20%
2 practicals 20%
2 tests 20%

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

SUBJECT TITLE: FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SUBJECT CODE: 310/19/S07

DURATION: 180 HOURS

1.0 AIM

To apply computer skills in banking operations

2.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of the course the student should be able to:
2.1 describe the fundamental hardware components that make up a computer system
and the role of each of these components
2.2 describe the different types of computer software.
2.3 use functions of a computer; switching on, shutting down, basic configuration
2.4 create and manipulate files and folders on a computer
2.5 explain the principles of data communications and computer networks.
2.6 describe the potential threats to computer and information security and suggest
ways of mitigating them
2.7 outline health and safety risks associated with computer usage and suggest
solutions
2.8 outline the uses the Internet in communication, learning and business.
2.9 produce electronic documents using word processing, spreadsheet, database and
presentation software

3.0 TOPICS
Hardware
Software
Computer Management
File management
Data communications and network basics
Security, copyright and legal aspects
Computer ergonomics, health and safety
Internet services
Emerging Technologies
Application software packages

4.0 CONTENT
4.1 HARDWARE
4.1.1 Define a computer
4.1.2 Define hardware
4.1.3 Explain categories of computer hardware devices
- Input

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.1.3.1 Describe the following input devices

(keyboard, mouse, trackball, bar code reader, microphone,
scanner, digital camera, web camera, joystick, graphic tablet,
light pen, digitizer, MICR,OCR, OMR, Magnetic stripe
reader, remote control, sensors, touch screen, numeric
keypad and light pen)
4.3.1.2 List areas of application for input devices in 4.1.3.1.

- Processing
4.1.4.1 Describe the following output devices
 monitors – types of monitors (LCD, TFT, LED, Plasma, HD)
 printers – impact and non-impact (laser and desk jet), braille
printers
 plotters
 projectors
4.1.4.2 Identify areas of application of output devices in 4.1.3.1.

- Output
4.1.5.1 Describe the following output devices
 monitors – types of monitors (LCD, TFT, LED, Plasma, HD)
 printers – impact and non-impact (laser and desk jet), braille
printers
 plotters
 projectors
4.1.5.2 Identify areas of application of output devices in 4.1.5.1.
- Storage
4.1.6.2 Describe the following Computer Storage
 Main storage (ROM and RAM)
 backing/ secondary/ external/ auxiliary storage( Hard disk
(internal and external), CDs (CDR, CDRW), DVDs
(DVDWR, DVDR), magnetic tape, memory sticks, Blu-ray
disk, memory cards and flash disks, solid state storage
 online storage (cloud computing)
4.1.6.3 Identify areas of application of storage devices in 4.1.6.1.
4.1.6.4 Differentiate between Main storage and backing storage.
- outline factors to consider when buying computer hardware.
4.1.4 Classify computers according to:
- Historical development
- Purpose
- Size and capacity

4.2 SOFTWARE
4.2.1 Define software
4.2.2 Classify computer software
4.2.3 Systems Software
- Explain the main features and functions of
o Operating systems
o Utility software

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

o Development software
- Explain multiprocessing, multiprogramming, multitasking,
timesharing
4.2.4 Application Software and their uses.
- Word Processing
- Spreadsheet Processing
- Database Processing
- Presentation Application
- Desktop publishing Application
- Multimedia Applications
4.2.5 Evaluate sources of software
- Off-the-shelf
- In-house
- Freeware and shareware
- Outsourcing
4.2.6 Outline criteria for selecting application software

4.3 COMPUTER MANAGEMENT

4.3.1 Operate the computer, starting, restarting and shutting down.
4.3.2 View computers basic system information e.g. operating system,
processor type, RAM and speed.
4.3.3 Set-up desktop configuration, screen, background options etc.
4.3.4 Format secondary storage devices
4.3.5 Use the help facility
4.3.6 Outline the duties of data processing personnel

4.4 FILE MANAGEMENT

4.4.1 Create folders and icons.
4.4.2 Work with icons, windows, directories/folders.
4.4.3 Move, copy and delete files and folders.
4.4.4 Print management
 Print from an installed printer
 Change default printer from the printer from the printer list.
 View print jobs and progress.
4.4.5 Define database
4.4.6 Differentiate between traditional file system and database system
4.4.7 Discuss database models (network, relational, hierarchical)
4.4.8 Explain file organisation methods

4.5 DATA COMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORK BASICS

4.5.1 Define data communication and computer networks
4.5.2 State advantages and disadvantages of using computer networks
4.5.3 Outline data transmission media and connectivity devices
4.5.4 Explain data transmission modes (simplex, half duplex, full duplex)
4.5.5 Discuss network types and topologies
- LAN, MAN, WAN
- Star, bus, ring, mesh, hierarchical

4.6 SECURITY, COPYRIGHT AND LEGAL ASPECTS

4.6.1 Outline threats to computers systems and ways of preventing them
4.6.2 Define data security

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

4.6.3 Computer crime

- Define computer crime
- Identify types of computer crime
- Suggest possible measures to combat computer crime
4.6.4 Malicious software
- Define malicious software
- Identify types of malicious software
- Explain how malicious software spreads
- Suggest measures against malicious software
- Outline symptoms of malicious software attack
4.6.5 Copyright and the law
 Explain legal issues,
 Examine software licensing
4.6.6 Handling of personal data
 Explain information privacy issues
 Discuss implications of Data Protection Legislation
 Outline ethical issues in

4.7 HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENT

4.7.1 Outline ergonomic tips for computer users
4.7.2 Describe health effects associated with prolonged and inappropriate
computer use and measures to reduce the effects
4.7.3 Outline the requirements of an ideal computer room environment
4.7.4 List safety precautions when using a computer

4.8 INTERNET SERVICES

4.8.1 Define the term Internet
4.8.2 Outline the advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet
4.8.3 Distinguish between Internet and World Wide Web.
4.8.4 Explain applications of the Internet
4.8.5 Emerging technologies; robotics, GIS, GPS, artificial intelligence, e.t.c
5.0 PRACTICALS
5.1 WORD PROCESSING
5.1.1 Load program / Word processor
5.1.2 Create a new document.
5.1.3 Manipulate text
 Insert text
 Copy text
 Delete text
 Move text
 Replace text
 Underline text
 Align text
o Centre
o Left align
o Right align
o Justify
 Embolden text
 Perform drop cap
5.1.4 Perform mail merge

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

5.1.5 Change line spacing

5.1.6 Change margins
5.1.7 Change font style and size
5.1.8 Find and replace
5.1.9 Insert page numbers
5.1.10 Format document

5.2 SPREADSHEETS PACKAGE

5.2.1 Load the program
5.2.2 Create a spreadsheet
5.2.3 Cursor manipulation
5.2.4 Using the Help facility.
5.2.5 Enter text
5.2.6 Apply/replicate formulae.
5.2.7 Insert columns and rows, delete columns and rows.
5.2.8 Save the spreadsheet (file)
5.2.9 Print spreadsheet or specified window
5.2.10 Retrieve spreadsheet
5.2.11 Insert charts

5.3 DATABASE
5.3.1 Load program
5.3.2 Set up files containing alphabetic and numeric fields within the
record
5.3.3 Enter data
5.3.4 Add records, delete records.
5.3.5 Edit records
5.3.6 Sort records by a key field.
5.3.7 Search records by a key field.
5.3.8 Print selected fields.
5.3.9 Create queries and reports
5.3.10 Search on more than one criteria, produce printouts

5.4 PRESENTATION
5.4.1 Load a presentation program.
5.4.2 Create a new slide.
5.4.3 Edit a slide
5.4.4 Add new slides
5.4.5 Create a slide show
5.4.6 Move around slides, delete and edit layout.
5.4.7 Work with Master Slide.
5.4.8 Print a presentation

6.0 SUGGESTED REFERENCE BOOKS

Tremblay J & Burnt R 2015 An Introduction to Computer McGraw-Hill Johannesburg

Science An Algorithmic Book
Approach
Anderson R.G. 1999 Data Processing –
Information and Systems
Doyle S 2000 Information Systems for You Stanley Thorns UK

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

Publishers
United Nations 2005 @ ease with e-mail: A United Nations/ Paris/New
& Friedrich handbook on using electronic Friedrich Ebert York
Ebert Stiftung mail for NGOs in Foundation
Developing countries

7.0 ASSESSMENT SCHEME

SUBJECT MODE OF ASSESSMENT TOTAL

EXAMINATION CONTINUOUS
WEIGHTING ASSESSMENT
40% 60%
Introduction 3 hour written A minimum of 100%
to examination  2 practical assignments – 20%
Computers theory exam 20%  2 theory assignments – 20%
310/18/S07  2 tests – 20%

3 hour practical
paper practical
20%

8.0 ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATION GRID

THEORY
Topic Weighting
Hardware 15%
Software 15%
Computer management 10%
File management 15%
Data Communication and Networks basics 15%
Security, Copyright and Legal Aspects 10%
Ergonomics , Health and Safety 10%
Internet services 10%
TOTAL 100%

PRACTICALS
Topic Weighting
Word Processing 25%
Spreadsheet 25%
Database 25%
Presentation 25%
TOTAL 100%

51
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

SUBJECT NAME : NATIONAL STUDIES

CODE : 401/19/S01
DURATION : 80 Hours

1.0 PREAMBLE
The course is designed to develop a patriotic, informed, responsible and accountable citizen
who actively participates in sustainable nation building and development regardless of Gender,
HIV/AIDS Status or physically challenged. The course will run for 80 hours (1 year) on both
full-time and part-time basis. The student will be assessed through field-based assignments,
continuous assessment and tests and final examination. It shall embrace innovative heritage
based education and training philosophy to solve national problems and to produce goods and
services for industrialization and modernisation.

2.0 AIM
The subject is designed to cultivate values of patriotism, national identity, national unity and
commitment to sustainable national development.

3.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of the programme, the student should be able to:
3.1 Demonstrate patriotism.
3.2 Analyse the socio-economic and political structures of pre-colonial societies in relation
to the development of Zimbabwe.
3.3 Discuss the causes, prosecution and results of the First and Second Chimurenga.
3.4 Evaluate post-colonial socio-economic and political development policies put in place
to correct colonial imbalances.
3.5 Examine Zimbabwe’s cultural elements and natural resources on sustainable
development of the economy.
3.6 Discuss the importance of regional and international relations to Zimbabwe’s socio-
economic and political development.
3.7 Explain the law-making process and the role of the constitution
3.8 Exhibit an understanding of the legal framework in Zimbabwe.
3.9 Demonstrate an appreciation of the conflict transformation and resolution styles.

4.0 TOPICS

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

 Civic education

 Culture and heritage

 Pre and colonial Zimbabwean history

 Post-colonial Zimbabwe

 Legal and parliamentary studies

 Regional and international relations

 Conflict transformation and resolutions

5.0 CONTENT

5.1 Civic education

5.1.1 Define civic education.
5.1.2 Outline the background to the introduction of National Studies.
5.1.3 Explain the importance of National Studies to the sustainable
development of Zimbabwe.
5.2 Culture and heritage
5.2.1 Define culture and heritage.
5.2.2 Explain the importance of cultural heritage elements of the Zimbabwean people.
5.2.3 Demonstrate aspects of multicultural diversity and development amongst
Zimbabweans.
5.2.4 Examine the importance of natural resources to the Zimbabwean community.
5.2.5 Discuss the impact of the natural resources and heritage to the development of
Zimbabwe.

5.3 Pre and colonial Zimbabwean history

5.3.1 Analyse pre-colonial societies’ socio-economic and political structures.
5.3.2 Diagnose the impact of pre-colonial systems and civilisation on development of
Zimbabwe.
5.3.3 Compare and contrast pre-colonial societies and present-day societies.
5.3.4 Assess the various reasons for the colonisation of Zimbabwe.

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5.3.5 Analyse the causes and the major events of the First Chimurenga and Second
Chimurenga.
5.3.6 Examine the results of the two struggles.

5.4 Post-Colonial Zimbabwe

5.4.1 Outline the socio-economic and political policies implemented by the government of
Zimbabwe since 1980.
5.4.2 Analyse the background and causes to the Third Chimurenga.
5.4.3 Examine the periodical holding and importance of elections in Zimbabwe from 1980 to
date.

5.5 Legal and Parliamentary Studies

5.5.1 Define law.
5.5.2 Explain the origins of law.
5.5.3 Analyse the law-making process in Zimbabwe.
5.5.4 Evaluate the three arms of the state.
5.5.1 Examine the provisions of the Constitution of Zimbabwe.

5.6 Regional and International Relations

5.6.1 Define regional and international relations.
5.6.2 Identify the 3C’s to International relations.
5.6.3 Classify the functions of diplomatic missions.
5.6.4 Examine the role of non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in the countries they
operate in.
5.6.5 Assess Zimbabwe’s foreign policy.
5.6.6 Evaluate the impact of creditors on the development of Zimbabwe.
5.6.7 Analyse the importance of media to the development of Zimbabwe.

5.7 Conflict transformation and resolutions

5.7.1 Explain the various causes of conflict.
5.7.2 Analyse African traditional conflict resolution methods used during the pre-colonial
times.
5.7.3 Outline Conflict management and resolution styles.
5.7.4 Discuss the strategies for sustaining peace.

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6.0 ASSESSMENT SCHEME

MODE OF ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING
100%

EXAMINATION 40% CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT 60%

1 3 hour written examination A minimum of

2 Assignments 20%
2 Practical Assignments 20% 100%
2 Tests 20%

7.0 ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATIONS GRID

SECTION A: ZIMBABWE HISTORY AND CULTURE (40%)

Civic education, culture and heritage and Zimbabwe History.

SECTION B: LEGAL AND PARLIAMENTARY STUDIES (20%)

Law, origins and purposes, arms of the state and provisions of the constitution of
Zimbabwe.

SECTION C: REGIONAL & INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS (20%)

The nature of international relations, regional organisations, public international

organisation, global politics, Zimbabwe’s foreign policy development, international
economic relations, international capital and Imperialism, the role and functions of the
media

SECTION D: CONFLICT TRANSFORMATION AND RESOLUTIONS (20%)

Causes of conflict, African traditional conflict resolution methods, conflict
management and resolution styles, strategies for sustaining peace.

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8.0 PAPER STRUCTURE

Students should answer any 5 from a total of 9 questions. Each question carries 20 marks. Total
100 marks.
NUMBER OF WEIGHTING
QUESTIONS
Civic education, culture & heritage and Zimbabwe history 3 40%

Law, origins and purposes, arms of the state and provisions 2 20%
of the constitution of Zimbabwe
The nature of international relations, regional organisations, 2 20%
public international organisations, global politics,
Zimbabwe’s foreign policy development, international
economic relations, International capital and imperialism
and the role and functions of the media.
Causes of conflict, African traditional conflict resolution 2 20%
methods,
Conflict management and resolution styles,
strategies for sustaining peace.
TOTAL 9 100%

9.0 REFERENCES

Banerjee A. E. (2017), Poor Economics: A Radical Rethinking of the Way to Fight Global
Poverty
Beach D. N. (1986) War and Politics in Zimbabwe 1840-1900. Mambo Press: Gweru
Bhebhe N. & Ranger O. (1995) Society in Zimbabwe’s Liberation War. Volume2. University
of Zimbabwe Publications: Harare
Booth, D. & Diana C. (2015) (latest edition) "From Good Governance to Governance that
Work." In: David Booth & Diana Cammack Governance for Development in Africa. Solving
Collective Action Problems. London: Zed Books, 25 pages.
Brett, E. A. (2017) (latest edition) Reconstructing Development Theory. International
inequality, institutional reform and social emanicipation. London: Palgrave Macmillan, 80
pages. (also used in module 3)
Christie R. H. (1998). Business law in Zimbabwe. 2nd ed. Kenwyn: Juta: Pretoria
Collier, P. (2016) The Bottom Billion: Why the Poorest Countries are Failing and What Can
Be Done About It

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Conteh M. E. (2015) (latest edition) Collective political violence: An introduction to the

theories and cases of violent conflicts. New York: Routledge, 200 pages.
Easterly, W. (2017) The Elusive Quest for Growth: Economists' Adventures and Misadventures
in the Tropics
Evans, P.B. (2018) (latest edition). "Constructing the 21st century democratic development
states: potentialities and pitfalls." In: Omano Edigheji (eds.) Constructing a democratic
developmental state in South Africa: potentials and challenges. Cape Town, South Africa:
HSRC Press, 26 pages.
Hisrich. R. D. and Peters M P (2012) Entrepreneurship Tatq McGraw Hill New Delphi
Holt, D. T. (2007) Entrepreneurship Prentice Hall London
Jarskoy H. and Stevenson D. (2010) International labour organisation start Your Business. ILO.
Harare
Kenny, C. (2016) Getting Better: Why Global Development Is Succeeding-And How We Can
Improve the World Even More
Kriesberg, L. & Bruce D. (2013). Constructive Conflicts: From Escalation to Resolution.
Lanham: Rowman & Littlefield, 408 pages.
Mallaby, S. (2017) The World's Banker: A Story of Failed States, Financial Crises, and the
Wealth and Poverty of Nations
Mandaza I. (1980) Zimbabwe: The Political Economy of Transition1980- 1986.Codesria Book
Series: London
Marcouse, I, Gillspie, A, Martin, B Malcolm S. and Wall N. (2016) Business studies 4th Ed
Hodder Arnold. London
McGuckin F. (2010) Business for beginners: Step by Step to start your new business East
Leigh Management services. London
Mkandawire, T. (2016) (latest edition) "From maladjusted to democratic development states in
Africa." In: Omano Edigheji (eds.) Constructing a democratic developmental state in South
Africa: potentials and challenges Cape Town, South Africa: HSRC Press, 25 pages.
Mudenge S. G. (2014), 3rd Edition, a Political History of Munhumutapa -1400-1902.
Zimbabwe Publishing House: Harare
Nabudere D. W. (1989) the Crash of International Finance Capital & Its Implications for the 3rd
World Countries. Sapes: Harare
Need Harm D. and Dransfield R. (2012) Advanced Business and Dexel Oxford
Rodney W. (1981) How Europe Underdeveloped Africa. Revised edition. Howard University
Press: Washington

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Rodrik, D. (2017) The Globalization Paradox: Democracy and the Future of the World
Economy
Stoner J.A.F; Freeman. R.E. and Gilbert.D.R.JR (2014) Management 6th Edition Prentice Hall
International Englenwood Cliffs. New Jersey.
Todaro M. P. (2014) Economic Development 7th Edition Addison Wersley: London

Zimbabwe: Constitution of Zimbabwe amendment (no.20) Act 2013

Zimmerer T. W. and Scaborough, N. M. (2010) Essentials of Entrepreneurship and small
business Management Prentice Hall.NewDelhi
Zvobgo C. J. M. (1996) A History of Christian Missionaries in Zimbabwe1890-1939. Mambo
Press: Gweru

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SUBJECT NAME : ENTREPRENEURIAL SKILLS DEVELOPMENT

CODE : 402/19/S01
DURATION : 80Hours

1.0 PREAMBLE
The syllabus is designed to develop a culture of entrepreneurship among students and equip
them with knowledge to start and run sustainable business enterprises regardless of Gender,
HIV/AIDS Status or being physically challenged. The syllabus will run for 80 hours (1 year)
on both full-time and part-time basis. The student will be assessed through field-based
assignments, continuous assessment and tests and final examination. It shall embrace
innovative heritage based education and training philosophy to solve national problems and to
produce goods and services for industrialization and modernisation.

2.0 AIM
The syllabus is designed to develop a culture of responsible and sustainable entrepreneurship in
students, equipping them with knowledge, attitudes and skills to run a business enterprise.

3.0 LEARNING OUTCOMES

By the end of the course, the student should be able to:
3.1 Produce students with relevant knowledge, attitudes and skills to run a small business.
3.2 Analyse the origins and causes of employment syndrome among indigenous
Zimbabweans.
3.3 Assess the need to create employment for self and others as a first priority after
graduation.
3.4 Generate a viable business plan.
3.5 Discuss the roles of management in a business.
3.6 Apply tips of customer care in a business environment.
3.7 Explain the importance of costing and pricing in running a business.
3.8 Describe the importance of record keeping and stock control in business.
3.9 Produce a marketing plan for a business.
3.10 Examine various business growth strategies.
3.11 Discuss the importance of risk covers in entrepreneurship.
3.12 Analyse the various legal statutory provisions applicable to business in Zimbabwe.

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3.13 Discuss the importance of business ethics to an entrepreneur.

4.0 TOPICS
 Entrepreneurship.
 Business Environment in Zimbabwe.
 Human Resources Management.
 Business Management.
 Customer Care.
 Costing and Pricing.
 Recording Keeping and Stock Control.
 Marketing.
 Risk Management.
 Business Ethics and Social Responsibility.

5.0 CONTENT
5.1 ENTREPRENEURSHIP
5.1.1 Define entrepreneurship.
5.1.2 Discuss the various concepts of Entrepreneurship.
5.1.3 Analyse the various forms of Business Ownership.
5.1.4 Outline the procedures in the formation of various business forms.
5.1.5 Identify the advantages and disadvantages of each of the business form.

5.2 BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT IN ZIMBABWE

5.2.1 Analyse the causes of the existence of the employment syndrome in indigenous
Zimbabweans.
5.2.2 Examine the history and culture of business ownership patterns in Zimbabwe.
5.2.3 Discuss the macro and micro environment factors affecting entrepreneurship in
Zimbabwe.
5.2.4 State the importance of a business plan to a business.
5.2.5 Generate a business plan.

5.3 HUMAN RESOURCES MANAGEMENT

5.3.1 Define human resources management.
5.3.2 Explain the human resources management process.

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5.3.3 Discuss the importance of human resources management to the entrepreneur.

5.3.4 Outline theories of staff motivation in business.

5.4 BUSINESS MANAGEMENT

5.4.1 Define business management.
5.4.2 Explain the roles of management in a business e.g. Planning Organising, Leading and
Controlling.
5.4.3 Discuss the importance of computers as a business management tool (record keeping,
stock control, accounts, and production control).

5.5 CUSTOMER CARE

5.5.1 Define customer care.
5.5.2 Discuss ten tips of customer care.
5.5.3 Explain benefits of customer care to an entrepreneur.

5.6 COSTING AND PRICING

5.6.1 Define various costing and pricing terms.
5.6.2 Explain the importance of costing to a business.
5.6.3 Analyse the costing processes of a product in a business.
5.6.4 Calculate prices of products.
5.6.5 Describe pricing strategies.

5.7 RECORD KEEPING AND STOCK CONTROL

5.7.1 Define record keeping and stock control in business.
5.7.2 Describe the importance of record keeping and stock control.
5.7.3 Identify source business documents.
5.7.4 Explain the purpose of books of accounts (cash books, ledger, etc.)
5.7.5 Outline effective buying and stock control procedures.

5.8 MARKETING
5.8.1 Define marketing.
5.8.2 Devise a marketing plan for a business.
5.8.3 Discuss the marketing mix strategies.
5.8.4 Examine various business growth strategies.

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5.9 RISK MANAGEMENT

5.9.1 Define risk management in business.
5.9.2 Discuss the importance of risk covers in entrepreneurship.
5.9.3 Explain the principles of risk management to a business.
5.9.4 Outline the steps involved in the risk management process.
5.9.5 Identify the various risk management strategies in business.

5.10 BUSINESS ETHICS AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY

5.11 Define business ethics and social responsibility.
5.12 Explain the importance of business ethics to entrepreneurs.
5.13 Outline social responsibility principles.
5.14 Explain the importance of social responsibility to the entrepreneur.

6.0 ASSESSMENT SCHEME

MODE OF ASSESSMENT WEIGHTING
EXAMINATION 40% CONTINUOUS ASSESSMENT 60% 100%

1 3 hour written A minimum of

examination 2 Assignments 20%
2 Practical Assignments 20% 100%
2 Tests 20%

6.0 ASSESSMENT SPECIFICATIONS GRID

Weighting 60% Coursework and 40% Examination (as per existing HEXCO rules and
regulations)
TOPIC % WEIGHTING
1 Entrepreneurship. 10
2 Business Environment in Zimbabwe. 10

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3 Human Resources Management. 10

4 Business Management. 10
5 Customer Care. 10
6 Costing and Pricing. 10
8 Record Keeping and Stock Control. 10
7 Marketing. 10
9 Risk Management. 10
10 Business Ethics and Social Responsibility. 10
TOTAL 100%

7.0 PAPER STRUCTURE

Students should answer any 5 from a total of 9 questions. Each question carries 20 marks. Total
100 marks.
NUMBER OF WEIGHTING
QUESTIONS
Entrepreneurship and business environment 2 20%

Human resources management, Business Ethics and Social 2 20%

Responsibility
Business management and risk management 2 20%

Marketing and customer care 1 20%

Costing and pricing, record keeping and stock control 2 20%

TOTAL 9 100%

8.0 REFERENCES
Hisrich. R. D. and Peters M. P. (2016) Entrepreneurship Tatq McGraw Hill New Delphi
Holt, D T. (2017) Entrepreneurship Prentice Hall London
Jarskoy H. and Stevenson D. (2014) International labour organisation start Your Business. ILO.
Harare
Marcouse, I. (2016) Business studies 2nd Ed Hodder Arnold. London

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McGuckin F. (2014) Business for beginners: Step by Step to start your new business East
Leigh Management services. London
Need Harm D and Dransfield R (2000) Advanced Business and Dexel Oxford
Stoner J.A.F; Freeman. R.E. and Gilbert. D. R. JR. (2017) Management 6 th Edition Prentice
Hall International Englenwood Cliffs. New Jersey.
Zimmerer T. W. and Scaborough, N. M. (2015) Essentials of Entrepreneurship and small
business Management Prentice Hall. New Delhi

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MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, INNOVATION,

SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

HIGHER EDUCATION EXAMINATIONS COUNCIL

(HEXCO)

QUALIFICATION STANDARD

FOR

ASSISTANT LABORATORY TECHNICIAN

2018

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SECTOR: MANUFACTURING

QUALIFICATION FOR ASSISTANT LABORATORY TECHNICIAN

QUALIFICATION CODE: TBA

LEVEL: NATIONAL CERTIFICATE

DATE OF PROMULGATION: TBA

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Definition of Terms

Assessment A process of collecting evidence of a learner’s work to measure and make

judgements about the achievement or non-achievement of the specified
National Qualifications Framework standards or qualifications.

Certification Awarding of approved documentary evidence of a qualification.

Competences Critical relevant knowledge, skills and attitudes a learner requires in order
required in to achieve specified outcomes before assessment.
readiness for
assessment

Credit The value assigned to a unit completed or a value assigned to a unit

standard which reflects the relative time and effort required to complete
the outcomes.

Date of Date when standard and qualification have been approved, registered and
promulgation gazetted.

Duration The minimum notional hours required by a learner to attain all the
competences in a unit standard.

Element The smallest component of a unit with a meaningful outcome.

Generic skills Universal skills which apply to more than one occupation.

Level descriptor A specific indicator of competence level on the ZQF.

Occupation A group of related economically beneficial work activities performed by a

person.

Performance A statement of competence or achievement against which the attainment

criteria of outcomes is measured.

Qualification Formal award of recognition of the achievement of the required

competency and/or capability level of the Zimbabwe Qualifications
Framework as may be determined by the relevant bodies registered for
such purpose by the Authority.

Range statement The context or conditions within which a competence is performed and
assessed that include tools, equipment, materials and duration.

Review Date Date of revision of qualification standard as and when necessary but not
later than three years from date of issue.

Sector A section of the economy in which operators produce or provide similar

products or services.

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Standard Registered statement of desired education and training outcomes and their
assessment criteria.

Unit The smallest combination of work activities capable of being a full-time

economically beneficial occupation.

Unit Standard Registered statement(s) of desired education and training outcomes, their
associated assessment criteria together with administrative information as
specified.

ZQF National qualifications framework approved by the minister for

registration of national standards and qualifications.

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UNIT TITLES

NO. UNIT CREDITS

1 Quality Controlling 30
2 Sample Processing 40
3 SHEQ Management 20
4 Equipment Maintenance 20
5 Stock Management 10

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SUMMARY OF STANDARD

UNIT UNIT TITLE CREDITS ELEMENTS

NO.
1 Quality Controlling 30 1.1 Analyse raw materials

1.2 Implement quality management system

1.3 Conduct clean-in-process

2 Sample Processing 40 2.1 Conduct sampling

2.2 Prepare sample
2.3 Prepare standards and solutions
2.3 Analyse sample
2.4 Interpret results

3 SHE Management 20 3.1 Maintain working environment

3.2 conduct SHE inspection
3.3 Manage waste

4 Equipment 20 4.1 Calibrate equipment

Maintenance 4.2 Repair tools/equipment
4.3 Dispose obsolete equipment

5 Stock Management 10 5.1 Conduct stock taking

5.2 procure resources
5.3 Issue resources

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UNIT 1

Unit Title Quality Controlling

Unit Code TBA

Level of Unit: National Certificate

Occupation: Assistant Laboratory Technician

Credits: 30

Dates of Promulgation 2019

Review Date: 2018

Aim

This unit will enable an individual to implement quality management systems

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

Element 1.1. Analyse raw materials

Performance Criteria:

1.1.1 Raw material sample obtained

1.1.2 Raw material checked against required parameters

1.1.3 Raw materials accepted/rejected as per procedure

1.1.4 Failed raw materials corrected to meet required specifications

1.1.5 Analysis report produced and submitted to relevant authorities

Element 1.2 Implement quality management system

Performance Criteria:

1.2.1 Quality specifications set according to standards operating procedures

1.2.2 In-process checks conducted
1.2.3 Non - conforming products are corrected/rejected as per procedure
1.2.4 Product quality report produced

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Element 1.3 Conduct clean-in-process

Performance Criteria:

1.3.1 Process parameters set according to standards operating procedures

1.3.2 Cleaning reagent determined

1.3.3 Detergents strength tested

1.3.4 Cleaning process conducted according to standards operating procedures

1.3.5 Residue test conducted

1.3.6 Microbiological test conducted

COMPETENCES REQUIRED IN READINESS FOR ASSESSMENT.

Instrumentation
Standards
Basic statistics
Physics and electronics
Tools and materials
Quality management systems
General and analytical chemistry
Microbiology
Biology
Safety, Health and Environment
Mathematics
Physics

GENERIC SKILLS

Computer literacy
Numeracy
Communication
Planning
Analytical
Research
Interpreting
Decision making

RANGE STATEMENT:

Tools and equipment

pH meter
Incubators

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Oven
Desiccator
Glassware
Autoclave
Thermometers
Viscometer
Conductivity meter
Refractormeter
Moisture meter
Centrifuge
Heating mantles
Furnace
Analytical balance
Sieves
Computer

Materials

Distilled/De-ionised water
Reagents

Duration: 300 Hours

300 hours

ASSESSMENT AND CERTIFICATION:

In order to gain credits for this unit standard, a candidate must be assessed and demonstrate
competency in all the elements and performance criteria of this unit standard.

Assessment will be conducted by accredited assessors. The results of the assessment will be
submitted to ZIMEQA. A candidate can apply to ZIMEQA for documentary evidence of their
achievements.

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UNIT 2

Unit Title Sample processing

Unit Code TBA

Level of Unit: National Certificate

Occupation: Assistant Laboratory Technician

Credits: 40

Dates of Promulgation 2019

Review Date: 2018

Aim

This unit will enable an individual to prepare and analyse samples in laboratory to meet
required specifications.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

Element 2.1 Conduct sampling

Performance Criteria:

2.1.1 Nature of sample is identified

2.1.2 Sampling method is identified
2.1.3 Sample is collected/received as per procedures
2.1.4 Sample is logged in as per standard
2.1.5 Appropriate sample packaging and storage applied
2.1.6 Safety, health and environmental standards adhered to
2,1,7 Sample transported to laboratory for analysis

Element 2.2 Prepare sample

Performance Criteria:

2.2.1 Sample analysis method is identified

2.2.2 Sub sampling conducted according to set standards
2.2.3 Sample allocated laboratory number/analytical naming
2.2.4 Homogeneous sample produced

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Elements 2.3 Prepare standards and solutions

Performance Criteria:

2.3.1 Suitable chemicals and solvents selected

2.3.2 Calculations for required volumes formulated
2.3.3 Correct volumes mixed to obtain a homogeneous solution
2.3.4 Standardization of solution conducted according to standards operating procedures

Elements 2.4 Analyse sample

Performance Criteria:

2.4.1 Required sample quantity measured

2.4.2 Sample extracted according to standards operating procedures
2.4.3 Extracted sample examined
2.4.4 Analysis results recorded

Elements 2.5 Interpret results

Performance Criteria:

2.5.1 Results compared with set standards

2.5.2 Result report compiled
2.5.3 Report submitted to relevant authorities

COMPETENCES REQUIRED IN READINESS FOR ASSESSMENT

Knowledge of laboratory management

Analytical Chemistry
Biology
Statistics
Organic Chemistry
Inorganic Chemistry

GENERIC SKILLS

Computer literacy
Numeracy
Communication
Planning
Analytical
Research
Interpreting
Decision making

RANGE STATEMENT:

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Tools and equipment

Glassware
Incubator
Oven
Grinding equipment
Auto clove
Shaker
Measurement tools
Fume

Materials

Consumables
Scientific chemicals and reagents
Consumables

Duration: 400 Hours

400 hours

ASSESSMENT AND CERTIFICATION:

In order to gain credits for this unit standard, a candidate must be assessed and demonstrate
competency in all the elements and performance criteria of this unit standard.

Assessment will be conducted by accredited assessors. The results of the assessment will be
submitted to ZIMEQA. A candidate can apply to ZIMEQA for documentary evidence of their
achievements.

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UNIT 3

Unit Title SHEQ Management

Unit Code TBA

Level of Unit: National Certificate

Occupation: Assistant Laboratory Technician

Credits: 20

Dates of Promulgation 2019

Review Date: 2018

Aim

This unit will enable an individual to maintain a safe and clean working environment.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

Element 3.1 Maintain working environment

Performance Criteria:

3.1.1 Tools, equipment and materials are sorted according to laid down procedures
3.1.2 Glassware and tools cleaned according to standards operating procedures
3.1.3 Glassware stored appropriately
3.1.4 Tools, equipment, chemicals and reagents stored appropriately
3.1.5 Working environment cleaned according to standards operating procedures

Element 3.2 Conduct SHE inspections

Performance Criteria:

3.2.1 Potential hazards and risks are identified as per standard

3.2.2 Mitigatory measures are implemented as per laid down procedure
3.2.3 Educational SHE flow charts/signs developed
3.2.4 Employee’s safety concerns are reported
3.2.5 Necessary SHE tools provided to all users

Element 3.3 Manage waste

Performance Criteria:

3.3.1 Waste materials are sorted according to laid down procedures

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3.3.2 Waste material disposed according to standards operating procedures

3.3.3 Effluent analysed in line with standards operating procedures
3.3.4 Effluent results reported
3.3.5 Sterilization and disinfections of drains conducted

COMPETENCES REQUIRED IN READINESS FOR ASSESSMENT.

Knowledge of chemistry
SHE Management
Laboratory safety management
Risk assessment
Laboratory tools

GENERIC SKILLS

Computer literacy
Numeracy
Communication
Planning
Analytical
Research
Interpreting
Decision making

RANGE STATEMENT:

Tools and equipment

Materials

Duration: 200 Hours

200 hours

ASSESSMENT AND CERTIFICATION:

In order to gain credits for this unit standard, a candidate must be assessed and demonstrate
competency in all the elements and performance criteria of this unit standard.

Assessment will be conducted by accredited assessors. The results of the assessment will be
submitted to ZIMEQA. A candidate can apply to ZIMEQA for documentary evidence of their
achievements.

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UNIT 4

Unit Title Equipment Maintenance

Unit Code TBA

Level of Unit: National Certificate

Occupation: Assistant Laboratory Technician

Credits: 20

Dates of Promulgation 2019

Review Date: 2018

Aim

This unit will enable an individual to maintain equipment to meet required standards and
reduce down time.

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

Element 4.1 Calibrate equipment

Performance Criteria:

4.1.1 Equipment to be calibrated identified

4.1.2 Appropriate equipment for calibration selected
4.1.3 Calibration standards are established
4.1.4 Calibration techniques are applied
4.1.5 Efficiency of calibrated equipment is measured against set standards
4.1.6 Calibration report documented
4.1.7 Calibration labels displayed on machines

Element 4.2 Repair tools and equipment

Performance Criteria:

4.2.1 Faulty tools and equipment identified

4.2.2 Source of problem is investigated
4.2.3 Appropriate repairing tools selected
4.2.4 Tools/equipment diagnosed in line with manufacturers specifications
4.2.5 Maintenance report produced

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Element 4.3 Dispose obsolete equipment

Performance Criteria:

4.3.1 Obsolete equipment identified

4.3.2 Obsolete tools and equipment inventory developed
4.3.3 Appropriate disposing methods recommended in line with orgnisational standards
4.3.4 Disposal report produced.

COMPETENCES REQUIRED IN READINESS FOR ASSESSMENT.

Physics
Electronics
Mathematics
Troubleshooting

GENERIC SKILLS

Computer literacy
Numeracy
Communication
Planning
Analytical
Research
Interpreting
Decision making

RANGE STATEMENT:

Tools and equipment

Viscometer
Computers
Weight tools
Volumetric tools

Materials

Buffer
Personal protective clothing
Stationery

Duration: 200 Hours

200 hours

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

ASSESSMENT AND CERTIFICATION:

In order to gain credits for this unit standard, a candidate must be assessed and demonstrate
competency in all the elements and performance criteria of this unit standard.

Assessment will be conducted by accredited assessors. The results of the assessment will be
submitted to ZIMEQA. A candidate can apply to ZIMEQA for documentary evidence of their
achievements.

81
NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

UNIT 5

Unit Title Stock Management

Unit Code TBA

Level of Unit: National Certificate

Occupation: Assistant Laboratory Technician

Credits: 10

Dates of Promulgation 2019

Review Date: 2018

Aim

This unit will enable an individual to maintain optimum stock levels

ELEMENTS AND PERFORMANCE CRITERIA

Element 5.1 Conduct stock taking

Performance Criteria:

5.1.1 Stock cards prepared

5.1.2 Physical counting conducted in line with organization regulations
5.1.3 Physical check results recorded/compiled
5.1.4 Recorded results compared with available balance in stock books
5.1.5 Variances noted and reported

Element 5.2 Procure resources

Performance Criteria:

5.2.1 Out of stock chemicals and consumables identified

5.2.2 Purchase order compiled
5.2.3 Purchase order submitted to relevant authorities
5.2.4 Resources received according to organizational requirements
5.2.5 Stock cards updated

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NATIONAL CERTIFICATE IN LABORATORY TECHNOLOGY - 360/18/TN/0

Element 5.3 Issue resources

Performance Criteria:

5.3.1 Requisition received and verified for completeness

5.3.2 Appropriate quantities of resources distributed as requested
5.3.3 Stock cards updated regularly

COMPETENCES REQUIRED IN READINESS FOR ASSESSMENT.

Inventory management
Procurement
Basic accounting
Chemistry
Biology
Mathematics

GENERIC SKILLS

Computer literacy
Numeracy
Communication
Planning
Analytical
Research
Interpreting
Decision making

RANGE STATEMENT:

Tools and equipment

Materials
Duration: 100 Hours

ASSESSMENT AND CERTIFICATION:

In order to gain credits for this unit standard, a candidate must be assessed and demonstrate
competency in all the elements and performance criteria of this unit standard.

Assessment will be conducted by accredited assessors. The results of the assessment will be
submitted to ZIMEQA. A candidate can apply to ZIMEQA for documentary evidence of their
achievements.

83
 CODE
MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, INNOVATION,
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
SKILLS PROFICIENCY SCHEDULE
INDUSTRY TRADE/ OCCUPATION CLASS/ LEVEL
MANUFACTURING, ASSISTANT LABORATORY NATIONAL CERTIFICATE
AGRICULTURE, HEALTH, TECHNICIAN
AND EDUCATION
DUTY 1: SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT
Pre-requisites: Approval Date: Jan. 2019 Review Date:
TASK STEPS PROFICIENCY RELATED WORKPLACE
INDICATORS KNOWLEDGE ESSENTIAL
SKILLS
1.1 Disinfect work area  Wear appropriate PPE -Appropriate PPE worn -current good laboratory - communication
 Identify the type of contaminant -Type of contaminant is practice - planning
 Interpret standard operating identified -records management -literacy
procedure -appropriate method of - first aid -numeracy
 Apply correct method of disinfecting is applied -various standards
disinfecting operating Procedures
1.2 Clean Glassware  Identify glassware type -Glassware type is identified -computer literacy
 Establish the analytical process - process of analysis -SHEQ procedures
carried out -SOP for cleaning -Equipment operation
 Interpret cleaning standard operating -cleaned glassware and maintenance
procedures -dried glassware -Hazards and risks
 Clean glassware using appropriate -stored glassware
procedure
 Dry the glassware
 Store glassware in appropriate
places
1.3 Perform house-  Establish laboratory type -Clean environment

84
keeping  Identify all materials no longer -Filed documents/records
required on the work area -Completed decontamination
 File documents/records in forms
appropriate areas -Stored equipment
 Sort tools, equipment and materials -Appropriate cleaning tools
according to SOPs and equipment selected
 Clean equipment and tools as per -Appropriate method used
procedures
 Store equipment in appropriate
storage places
 Select the appropriate cleaning tools
equipment and materials
 Clean laboratory using appropriate
method
1.4 Practice laboratory  Attend safety and quality training -Attendance register signed
safety meetings -Minutes produced
 Identify hazards and risks -Hazards/Risks register
 Analyse how hazards and risks are completed
going to affect the user and the -hazards and risks labelled
environment - Effects of hazards and risks
 Interpret safety, health, on user and environment
environmental management analysed
standards Operating Procedures –Standard operating
 wear appropriate personal protective procedures
equipment -hazards and risks minimized
 take appropriate action to minimize -Solutions and chemicals
hazards and risks labeled
 Label correctly all solutions and - Firefighting equipment well
chemicals in the laboratory serviced and positioned
 -Check that all firefighting
equipment is well serviced and
placed in appropriate places

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TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT NECESSARY TO COMPLETE THIS DUTY:

-Autoclave -Firefighting equipment

-Glassware -Sinks
-mops & brooms -SOPs
-PPE -Statutes
-Distiller -Disinfectants
-Computer -distilled water
-Safety cabinet -stationery
-Filling cabinet -Bio-hazard labels
-hot air oven

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES RELATED TO THIS DUTY:

-First aid
-disaster management

SPECIFIC WORKER TRAITS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THIS DUTY:

-presentable
-efficient
-considerate
-sociable
-patient
-assertive
-empathetic
-innovative
-creative
-analytical
-sober minded

86
 CODE
MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, INNOVATION,
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
SKILLS PROFICIENCY SCHEDULE
INDUSTRY TRADE/ OCCUPATION CLASS/ LEVEL
MANUFACTURING, ASSISTANT LABORATORY NATIONAL CERTIFICATE
AGRICULTURE, HEALTH, TECHNICIAN
AND EDUCATION
DUTY 2: SAMPLING
Pre-requisites: Approval Date: Review
Date:
TASK STEPS PROFICIENCY RELATED WORKPLACE
INDICATORS KNOWLEDGE ESSENTIAL
SKILLS
2.1Sample collection  Identify type of sample to be -Sample labelled -record management -Communication
collected -Sample collection -computers -planning
 Interpret sample collection Standard Operating -Sampling methods -analytical
Standard Operating procedures -Standard Operating -numeracy
Procedures -Sampled collected procedures
 Select appropriate collecting -sample transported -Good laboratory practices
tools and equipment -SHEQ procedures
 Apply appropriate sample -Equipment operation
collection method -Sample preparation
 label the samples -Chemical, biological and
appropriately physical properties
 Handle samples properly -Sample analysis
according to type of sample -Aseptic techniques
2.2 Sample reception  Check if sample is suitable for -sample suitability for -Reagent preparation
analysis analysis is checked
 Interpret sample reception - sample reception

87
 Standard Operating Standard Operating
Procedures procedure interpreted
 Use rejection/ acceptance - rejection/ acceptance
criteria criteria followed

2.3 Log in Sample  Verify if information on Register of sample

sample and form are correct -Stored samples
 record full details of sample in
the sample register
 Store sample under
appropriate conditions.

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT NECESSARY TO COMPLETE THIS DUTY:

-Balances -Sampling scoop
-Safety cabinet -Thermometer
-centrifuge -pH meter
-glassware -PPE
-sample rack -sample divider
-Pipette -Drying ovens
-computer -Sample bag
-stirrer -Stationery
-grinder -Distilled water
-Slides -Reagents
-Culture media -disinfectants
-Sampling thieves -standards
-Dipping vessels

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES RELATED TO THIS DUTY:

-First aid
-disaster management

88
SPECIFIC WORKER TRAITS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THIS DUTY:

-presentable
-efficient
-considerate
-sociable
-patient
-assertive
-empathetic
-innovative
-creative
-analytical
-sober minded

89
 CODE
MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, INNOVATION,
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
SKILLS PROFICIENCY SCHEDULE
INDUSTRY TRADE/ OCCUPATION CLASS/ LEVEL
MANUFACTURING, ASSISTANT LABORATORY NATIONAL CERTIFICATE
AGRICULTURE, HEALTH, TECHNICIAN
AND EDUCATION
DUTY 3: SAMPLE ANALYSIS
Pre-requisites: Approval Date: Review
Date:
TASK STEPS PROFICIENCY RELATED WORKPLACE
INDICATORS KNOWLEDGE ESSENTIAL
SKILLS
3.1 Prepare sample  Identify methods of analysis and -method of analysis and -record management -Communication
preparation according to SOP preparation produced -computers -planning
 Interpret sample preparation -sample preparation - -Reagent preparation -analytical
Standard Operating Procedures Standard Operating -Sampling methods -numeracy
 Use appropriate method for sample Procedures availed -Standard Operating
preparation from Standard -Prepared samples procedures
Operating Procedures produced -Current Good
laboratory practices
3.2 Prepare standards and  Identify the methods of analysis -sample suitability for -SHEQ procedures
reagents according to SOP analysis is checked -Equipment operation
 Select the appropriate components - sample reception -Sample preparation
 Select appropriate tools and Standard Operating -Chemical, biological
equipment procedure availed and physical
 Measure components according to - rejection/ acceptance properties
formulation criteria form completed -Sample analysis
 Mix components following laid - Register of sample -Aseptic techniques

90
 down procedure completed
 Store prepared standard according -Stored samples
SOPs
3.3 Test sample  Identify the methods of analysis -method of analysis
according to SOP produced
 Select appropriate tools and -Appropriate tools and
equipment equipment availed
 Measure the required sample -Analysis book completed
quantities -Storage/ discard record
 Apply appropriate analytical produced
method
 Record results
 Store/ discard sample as per SOP

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT NECESSARY TO COMPLETE THIS DUTY:

-Balances -Vortex
-Safety cabinet -Viscometer
-centrifuge -pH/Conductivity/Temp meter
-glassware -distiller
-sample rack -Thermometer
-Pipette -pH meter
-water bath -microscope
-Incubator -PPE
-computer -Drying ovens
-stirrer -Sample bag
-grinder -Stationery
-Slides -distilled water
-Gas cylinder -Reagents
-Culture media -disinfectants
-Hot plate -standards
-Microwave

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES RELATED TO THIS DUTY:

91
-First aid
-disaster management

SPECIFIC WORKER TRAITS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THIS DUTY:

-presentable
-efficient
-considerate
-sociable
-patient
-assertive
-empathetic
-innovative
-creative
-analytical

92
 CODE
MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, INNOVATION,
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
SKILLS PROFICIENCY SCHEDULE
INDUSTRY TRADE/ OCCUPATION CLASS/ LEVEL
MANUFACTURING, ASSISTANT LABORATORY NATIONAL CERTIFICATE
AGRICULTURE, HEALTH, TECHNICIAN
AND EDUCATION
DUTY 4: BASIC EQUIPMENT MAINTENANCE AND OPERATION
Pre-requisites: Approval Date: Review
Date:
TASK STEPS PROFICIENCY RELATED WORKPLACE
INDICATORS KNOWLEDGE ESSENTIAL
SKILLS
4.1 Set up equipment  Identify type of equipment -Lebelled sample -equipment types -Communication
according to the analysis -Selected equipment equipment operation -planning
method -Equipment set-up -Equipment calibration -analytical
 Perform equipment Standard Operating -computers -numeracy
functionality tests as per Procedure -current Good laboratory -Literacy
checklist -Sample parameters practice
 Prepare equipment according -Various Standard
Standard Operating Procedure Operating Procedure
 Identify sample testing -SHEQ
parameters -Records management
 set sample testing parameters
4.2 Calibrate equipment  Identify the equipment the -Calibration record
equipment to be calibrated produced
 Select the appropriate tools and -Equipment performing
equipment for calibration to set standards
 Perform equipment simulation

93
 tests as per checklist
 Measure the efficiency of
equipment according to set
standard
4.3 Operate equipment  Interpreted equipment -Results analysed
operation Standard Operating - performance log sheet
Procedure completed
 Select the appropriate operating -Control charts
procedure -Performance log sheets
 Check operation parameters filled in
 Record operational -Corrective action forms
performance completed
 Take note of any deviations
 Adjust if necessary
4.4 Clean equipment  Interpret equipment cleaning -Equipment cleaning
Standard Operating Procedure Standard Operating
 Select appropriate cleaning Procedure
method, -appropriate cleaning
 Select appropriate cleaning tools and materials
tools and materials availed
 Perform cleaning procedure -Cleaning log sheet
 Complete cleaning log sheet signed
 select appropriate storage equipment stored in
conditions according to SOP appropriate conditions

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT NECESSARY TO COMPLETE THIS DUTY:

-Balances -water bath -Thermometer

-Safety cabinet -Incubator -pH meter
-centrifuge -computer -microscope
-glassware -stirrer -PPE
-Pipette -distiller -SOPs

94
-set of screw drivers -stationery -oil/lubricant
-Drying ovens -Reagents -log sheet
-Analysers -disinfectants -internet
-Sample bag -standards -software
-Stationery -Lens tissue -storage devices
- distilled water -mutton cloth

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES RELATED TO THIS DUTY:

-First aid
-disaster management

SPECIFIC WORKER TRAITS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THIS DUTY:

-presentable -empathetic
-efficient -innovative
-considerate -creative
-sociable -analytical
-patient -sober minded
-assertive

95
 CODE
MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, INNOVATION,
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
SKILLS PROFICIENCY SCHEDULE
INDUSTRY TRADE/ OCCUPATION CLASS/ LEVEL
MANUFACTURING, ASSISTANT LABORATORY NATIONAL CERTIFICATE
AGRICULTURE, HEALTH, TECHNICIAN
AND EDUCATION
DUTY 5: STOCK MANAGEMENT
Pre-requisites: Approval Date: Review
Date:
TASK  STEPS PROFICIENCY RELATED WORKPLACE
INDICATORS KNOWLEDGE ESSENTIAL
SKILLS
5.1 Stock taking  Retrieve stock sheet - stock-tacking Standard -Chemical, biological and -Communication
 Identify stock-tacking Standard Operating Procedure physical properties -planning
Operating Procedure -Stock cards completed -computers -accuracy
 Select method for stock taking -Stock returns recorded - current Good laboratory -numeracy-
 Record stock quantities -Stock records updated practice Literacy
 Record stock returns -Various Standard
 Balance stock records Operating Procedures
 Recommend stock to be ordered -SHEQ
5.2 Stock receiving  Identify incoming stock receipts - Incoming stock receipts -Records management
Standard Operating Procedure Standard Operating
 Receive goods according to Procedure
Standard Operating Procedure -Received stock recorded
 Record details of stock received - Signed delivery notes filed
 Update stock card Stock card updated
5.3 Stock storage  Identify stock storage Standard - Stock storage Standard
Operating Procedure Operating Procedure

96
  Identify appropriate stock storage -Stock stored
conditions Completed Stock cards
 Record details of stock stored
5.5Stock issuing  Receive internal requisition - Stock-issuing Standard
 Identify stock items required Operating Procedure
 Identify stock-issuing Standard -Updated stock cards
Operating Procedure - Signed Internal requisition
 Select items/stock for issuing filed
 Retrieve stock for issuing
 Update stock records

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT NECESSARY TO COMPLETE THIS DUTY:

-computers -Cold room

-PPE -internet
-SOPs -software
-calculators -storage devices/cabinets
-printers -stationery
-refrigerator

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES RELATED TO THIS DUTY:

-First aid
-disaster management

SPECIFIC WORKER TRAITS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THIS DUTY:

-presentable -assertive
-efficient -empathetic
-considerate -innovative
-sociable -creative
-patient -analytical
-sober minded

97
 CODE
MINISTRY OF HIGHER AND TERTIARY EDUCATION, INNOVATION,
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
SKILLS PROFICIENCY SCHEDULE
INDUSTRY TRADE/ OCCUPATION CLASS/ LEVEL
MANUFACTURING, ASSISTANT LABORATORY NATIONAL CERTIFICATE
AGRICULTURE, HEALTH, TECHNICIAN
AND EDUCATION
DUTY 6: WASTE MANAGEMENT
Pre-requisites: Approval Date: Review Date:
TASK STEPS PROFICIENCY RELATED WORKPLACE
INDICATORS KNOWLEDGE ESSENTIAL
SKILLS
6.1 Establish conditions for  Identify type of waste to be - Waste management -Statutes -Communication
waste management generated Standard Operating -computers -planning
 Interpret waste management Procedure -Good laboratory practice -accuracy
Standard Operating Procedure -Record of hazards and -Various Standard -numeracy
 Identify conditions for waste risks Operating Procedure -Literacy
management -Labelled waste -SHEQ procedures
 Select appropriate conditions containers -First aid
for waste management - Generated waste -Hazards and risks for waste
 Identify waste hazards and containerized disposal
risks to human and the -Records management
environment
6.2 Segregate Waste  -Identify type of waste - waste segregation
generated Standard Operating
 -Interpret waste segregation Procedure
Standard Operating Procedure -Statutory instruments
 Put on appropriate PPE availed
 Handle waste in adherence to Waste in labelled

98
 set regulations containers
 Place waste into labelled
containers
6.3 Dispose waste  Interpret waste disposal - Waste disposal
Standard Operating Procedure Standard Operating
 Put on appropriate PPE Procedure
 Select appropriate waste -Waste disposed
disposal procedure -Record of disposal
 Identify appropriate waste
disposal equipment
 Apply waste disposal
procedure
 Fill in disposal records

TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT NECESSARY TO COMPLETE THIS DUTY:

-SOPs -computer
-Plastic containers -printers
-PPE -internet
-metallic containers -glassware
-sterillising equipment -disinfectant
-disposal media -stationery
-statutes -biohazard bags and labels
-safety cabinets -software
-transport

HEALTH, SAFETY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ISSUES RELATED TO THIS DUTY:

-First aid
-disaster management

SPECIFIC WORKER TRAITS REQUIRED TO COMPLETE THIS DUTY:

99
-presentable
-efficient
-considerate
-sociable
-patient
-assertive
-empathetic
-innovative
-creative
-analytical
-sober minded

100