COMPLEX NUMBERS

Chapter–01
COMPLEX NUMBER

41 years of JEE mains & advance solved papers

Topic 1- Complex Number in lota form
Objective Questions I (only one correct option)

2𝑧−𝑛
1. Let zC with Im (z)=10 and it satisfies = (2i – 1) for some natural number n,
2𝑧+𝑛
then (2019 Main, 12 April II)

(a) n = 20 and Re(z)= – 10 (b) n=40 and Re(z)=10

(c) n = 40 and Re(z)= – 10 (d) n=20 and Re(z)=10
Solution - (c) Let z = x + 10i, as Im(z) = 10 (given).

2𝑧−𝑛
Since z satisfies, = 2i - 1, n ∈ 𝑁,
2𝑧+𝑛

... (2x + 20i – n) = (2i – 1) (2x + 20i + n)

 (2x – n) + 20i = (–2x – n – 40) + (4x + 2n – 20) i
On comparing real and imaginary parts, we get
2x – n = –2x – n – 40 and 20 = 4x + 2n – 20
 4x = –40 and 4x + 2n = 40
 x = –10 and –40 + 2n = 40 → n = 40
So, n = 40 and x = Re(z) = – 10

𝛼+𝑖
2. All the points in the set S= {𝛼−𝑖 : 𝛼  𝑹} (i= √−1) lie on a (2019 Main,9 April I)

(a) Circle whose radius is √2.

(b) Straight line whose slope is – 1.
(c) Circle whose radius is 1.
(d) Straight line whose slope is 1.

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𝛼+𝑖
Solution - (c) Let x+iy =
𝛼−𝑖
(𝛼 + 𝑖)2 (𝛼 2 − 1) + (2𝛼)𝑖 𝛼2 − 1 2𝛼
 x + iy = = = +[ ]i
𝛼2 + 1 𝛼2 + 1 𝛼2 + 1 𝑎2 + 1

On comparing real and imaginary parts, we get

𝛼2 − 1 2𝛼
x = 𝛼2 + 1 and y = 𝛼2 + 1
2 2
𝛼2 − 1 2𝛼
Now x2 + y2 = [𝛼2 + 1] + [𝛼2 + 1]
2
𝛼4 + 1 − 2𝛼2 + 4𝛼2 (𝛼2 + 1)
= (𝛼2 + 1)2
= (𝛼2 + 1)2 = 1

 x2 + y2 = 1
Which is an equation of circle with centre (0, 0) and radius 1 unit.
𝛼+𝑖
So, S = {𝛼−𝑖 ; 𝛼 𝜖 𝑅}lies on a circle with radius1.

5+3𝑧
3. Let z  C be such that |z|< 1. If ῳ = , then ( 2019 main,9 April II)
5(1−𝑧)

(a) 4 Im(ῳ) > 5 (b) 5Re (ῳ) > 1 (C) 5Im (ῳ) < 1 (d) 5Re (ῳ) > 4
Solution - (b) Given complex number
5 + 3𝑧
𝜔 = 5(1 − 𝑧)

 5𝜔 − 5𝜔𝑧 = 5 + 3𝑧
 (3 + 5𝜔)𝑧 = 5𝜔 − 5
 |3 + 5𝜔||𝑧| = |5𝜔 − 5| …………Eq.(i)
 [applying modulus both sides and |z1z2| = |z1||z2|]
. . |z| <1
.

. + 5𝜔| > |5𝜔 − 5|

. .|3 [from Eq.(i)]
3
 |𝜔 + 5| > | 𝜔 - 1|

3 2
Let 𝜔 = 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 [𝑥 + 5] + 𝑦 2 > (𝑥 − 1)2 + 𝑦 2
9 6
 X2 + 25 + 5 𝑥 > 𝑥 2 + 1 − 2𝑥

16𝑥 16 1
 > → x > 5 → 5x > 1
5 25

 5 𝑅𝑒(𝜔) > 1

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𝑥+𝑖𝑦
4. Let (−2 − 13 𝑖)3 = (I = √−1), where x and y are real numbers, then y – x equals
27

(a) 91 (b) 85 (c) – 85 (d) – 91 (2019 Main,9 jan

𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 1 3 −1 3
Solution - (a) We have , = [−2 − 3 𝑖] = [ 3 (6 + 𝑖)]
27
𝑥+𝑖𝑦 1
 = − 27 (216 + 108𝑖 + 18𝑖 2 + 𝑖 3 )
27
1
 = - 27 (198 + 107𝑖)

[... (a + b)3 = a3 + b3 + 3a2b + 3ab2, i2 = -1, i3 = -1]

On equating real and imaginary part, we get
X = - 198 and y = - 107
Y – x = - 107 + 198 = 91

𝜋 3+2𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
5. Let A = {𝜃 (− , 𝜋) : 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦}. Then,sum of the elements in A is
2 1−2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
3𝜋 5𝜋 (c)π 2𝜋
(a) (b) (d) (2019 main,9 Jan 1)
4 6 3
3 + 2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 1 + 2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Solution - (d) Let z = [ 1 −2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ] x [1 + 2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 ]

(rationalising the denominator)

3 − 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 8𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
= [... a2 – b2 = (a + b) (a – b) and i2 = - 1 ]
1 + 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
3− 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 8𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
= [1 + 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃] + [1 + 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃] 𝑖

As z is purely imaginary, so real part of z = 0

.. 3− 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
. =0→ 3 – 4sin2𝜃 = 0
1 + 4𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃

.. 3 √3
. sin2𝜃=4 → sin𝜃 = ± 2

𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋
𝜃 𝜖 {− , , }
3 3 3
2𝜋
Sum of values of 𝜃 = 3

2 + 3𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
6. A value of θ for which is purely imaginary,is (2016Main)
1−2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

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𝜋 𝜋
(a) (b) (c) sin-1 ( 43)
√
(d) sin-1 (√13)
3 6
2 + 3𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Solution - (d) Let z = is purely imaginary. Then, we have
1−2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

Re(z)=0
2 + 3𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
Now, consider z = 1−2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
(2 + 3𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)(1 + 2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)
= (1−2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)(1 + 2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)

2 + 4𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 3𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 6𝑖 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃

= 12 −(2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃)2

2 + 7𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃−6 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
= 1 + 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
2 − 6 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 7 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
= 1 + 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃 + 𝑖 1 + 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃
.. Re(z)=0
.
2
. 2 − 6 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 0➔ 2 = 6 sin2θ
.. 2
1 + 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
1 1
 Sin2𝜃 = 3 ➔ sin𝜃 = ±
√3
1 1
 θ = sin-1[± ] = ± 𝑠𝑖𝑛−1 [√3]
√3

6𝑖 −3𝑖 1
7. If | 4 3𝑖 −1|   = (x + iy), then (1998, 2M)
20 3 𝑖
(a) x = 3, y = 1 (b) x = 1, y = 1 (c) x = 0, y = 3 (d) x = 0, y = 0
6𝑖 −3𝑖 1
Solution - (d) Given, | 4 3𝑖 −1| = x + iy
20 3 𝑖

6𝑖 1 1
 - 3i | 4 −1 −1| = x + iy
20 𝑖 𝑖

x + iy = 0 [... C2 and C3 are identical]

= x = 0, y = 0
13

8. The value of sum ∑ (in +in+1), where I = √−1, equals (1998,2M)

n=1

(a) i (b) i - 1 (c) - i (d) 0

𝑛+1
Solution - (b) ∑13 𝑛
𝑛=1(𝑖 + 𝑖 ) = ∑13 𝑛 13
𝑛=1 𝑖 (1 + 𝑖) = (1 + 𝑖) ∑𝑛=1 𝑖
𝑛

𝑖−(1−𝑖 13 )
= (1 + i) (I + i2 +i3 +…..+i13)=(1+i)[ ]
1−𝑖
𝑖 (1 − 𝑖)
= (1 + i) [ ] = (1 + i) i = i –1
1−𝑖

Alternate Solution - Since, sum of any four consecutive powers of iota is zero.

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∑13 𝑛
𝑛=1(𝑖 + 𝑖
𝑛+1
) = (𝑖 + 𝑖 2 + ⋯ . +𝑖 13 ) + (i2 + i3 +….+ i14) = i + i2 = i - 1

1+𝑖
9. The smallest positive integer n for which (1−𝑖 )n = 1, is (1980,2M)

(a) 8 (b) 16 (c) 12 (d) None of these

1+𝑖 𝑛 1+𝑖 1+𝑖 𝑛
Solution - (d) Since, [ ] =1 ➔ [ × 1+𝑖 ] = 1
1–𝑖 1–𝑖

2𝑖 𝑛
[ ] =1 ➔ 𝑖𝑛 = 1
2
The smallest positive integer n for which in = 1 is 4. .
..n =4

Objective question II (One or more than one correct option)

10. Let a, b, x and y be real numbers such that (a – b = 1) and y ≠ 0. If the complex number ( z
𝑎𝑧+𝑏
= x + iy) satisfies Im ( ) = y, then which of the following is(are) possible value(s) of
𝑧+1
x?
(a) 1 – √1 + 𝑦 2 (b) –1 – √1– 𝑦 2 (2017
Adv.)
(c) 1 + √1 + 𝑦 2 (d) –1 + √1– 𝑦 2
𝑎𝑧 + 𝑏 𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏+ 𝑎𝑖𝑦 (𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏 + 𝑎𝑖𝑦)((𝑥 + 1)−𝑖𝑦)
Solution - (b, d) = (𝑥 + 1) + 𝑖𝑦
= (𝑥 + 1)2 + 𝑦 2
𝑧+1
𝑎𝑧 + 𝑏 −(𝑎𝑥 + 𝑏)𝑦 + 𝑎𝑦(𝑥 + 1)
Im[ 𝑧 + 1 = (𝑥 + 1)2 + 𝑦 2
]
(𝑎−𝑏)𝑦
 (𝑥 + 1)2 + 𝑦2
=𝑦
.. a–b=1
.

. (x + 1)2 + y2 = 1
..

X = - 1 ± √1 − 𝑦 2

Topic2 Conjugate and Modulus of a Complex Number

Objective questions I (only one correct option)

1. The equation |z - 1| = i = √− 1, represents (2019 main,12 April I)

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1
(a) a circle of radius
2
(b) the line passing through the origin with slope 1
(c) a circle of radius 1
(d) the line passing through the origin with slope – 1
Solution - (b) Let the complex number z = x + iy
Also given,|z - i| = |z - 1|
 |x + iy - i| = |x + iy - 1|

√𝑥 2 + (𝑦 − 1)2 = √(𝑥 − 1)2 + 𝑦 2

[...|z| = √(𝑅𝑒(𝑧))2 + (𝐼𝑚(𝑧))2

On squaring both sides, we get
X2 + y2 - 2y + 1 = x2 + y2 - 2x + 1
 Y = x, which represents a line through the origin with slope 1.

(1+𝑖) 2
2. If a > 0 and z = , has magnitude √ 2 , then 𝑧 is equal to (2019 Main,10 April I)
𝑎−𝑖 5
1 3 1 3 1 3 3 1
(a) − i (b) − − 𝑖 (c) − 5 + 5 i (d) − − i
5 5 5 5 5 5
(1 + 𝑖)2
Solution - (b) The given complex number z = 𝑎−𝑖
(1 − 1 + 2𝑖)(𝑎 + 𝑖)
= [... i2 = -1]
𝑎2 + 1
2𝑖 (𝑎 + 𝑖) −2 + 2𝑎𝑖
= = …..(i)
𝑎2 + 1 𝑎2 + 1

|z| = √2 [given]
5
4 + 4𝑎2 2 2 2
√(𝑎2 = √5 ➔ = √5
+ 1)2 √1 + 𝑎2

4 2
= 5 ➔ a2 + 1 = 10
1 + 𝑎2

 a2 = 9 ➔ a = 3 [...a>0]
. −2 + 6𝑖
..z = [from Eq. (i)]
10
−2 + 6𝑖 −1 3 1 3
So, 𝑧 = [ ] = [ 5 + 5 𝑖] ➔ 𝑧 = − 5 − 5 𝑖 [...if z=x+iy, then 𝑧=x-iy]
10

3. Let z1 and z2 be two complex numbers satisfying|z1|= 9 and |z2−3−4i|= 4. Then, the

minimum value of |z1-z2| is (2019 Main, 12 jan II)

(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) √2 (d) 0

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Solution - (d) Clearly |z1| = 9, represents a circle having centreC1(0, 0) and radius r1 = 9.
And|z2 – 3 - 4i| = 4 represents a circle having centre C2(3, 4) and radius r2 = 4.
The minimum value of |z1 - z2| is equals to minimum distance between circles
|z1|= 9 and|z2 – 3 - 4i| = 4.

..C C
. 1 2 = √(3 − 0)2 + (4 − 0)2 = √9 + 16 = √25 = 5

and |r1 - r2| = |9 - 4| = 5 ➔ C1C2 = |r1 - r2|

. Circles touches each other internally.
..

Hence, |z1 - z2|min = 0

𝑧−𝛼
4. If (α  R) is a purely imaginary number & |z|=2,then a value of α is(2019 Main, 12 jan I)
𝑧+𝛼
1
(a) √2 (b) 2 (c) 1 (d) 2
𝑧−𝛼
Solution - (d) Since the complex number (𝛼 𝜖 𝑅) is purely imaginary number,
𝑧+𝛼
𝑧−𝛼 𝑧−𝛼
therefore + 𝑧−𝛼 = 0 [...𝛼 𝜖 𝑅]
𝑧+𝛼

 𝑧𝑧 − 𝛼𝑧 + 𝛼𝑧 - 𝛼 2 + 𝑧𝑧 − 𝛼𝑧 + 𝛼𝑧 − 𝛼 2 = 0
 2|z|2 - 𝛼 2 = 0 [|z|=2 given]
 𝛼 2 = |𝑧|2 = 4
 𝛼 = ±2

5. Let z be a complex number such that |z| + z = 3 + i (where i = √− 1 ). (2019 Main,11 jan II)

√34 𝟓 √41 5
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 𝟑 4 4

Solution - (b) We have ,|z| + z = 3 + i

Let z=x+iy
.
.. √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 + x + iy = 3 + i

 (x + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) + iy = 3 + i

 x + √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 = 1

now, √𝑥 2 + 1 = 3 − 𝑥
 X2 + 1 = 9 - 6x + x2
4
 6x = 8 ➔ x = 3

. 4
..z =3+𝑖

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16 25 5
|z| = √ 9 + 1 = √ 9 ➔ |z| = 3

6. A complex number z is said to be unimodular, if |z| ≠ 1. If z1 and z2 are complex numbers

𝑍  − 𝑍 𝑍1 −2𝑍2
such that 𝑍3 − 𝑍1 , is unimodular and z2 is not unimodular. Then, the point z1 lies on a
2 1 2−𝑍1 𝑧̄2

(a)straight line parallel to X-axis (b)straight line parallel to Y-axis (2015 main)
(c)circle of radius 2 (d)circle of radius √2
Solution - (c) PLAN if z is unimodular, then |z| = 1. Also, use property of modulus i.e.z𝑧 = |z|2
𝑧 − 2𝑧2
Given, z2 is not unimodular i.e.|z2| ≠ 1 and [21− 𝑧 ] is unimodular.
1 𝑧2

𝑧 − 2𝑧2
➢ [21− 𝑧 ] = 1 ➔ |z1 - 2z2|2 = |2 - z1𝑧2 |2
1 𝑧2

➢ (z1-2z2)(𝑧1 − 2𝑧2 )=(2-z1𝑧2 )(2 − 𝑧1 𝑧2 ) [z𝑧 = |𝑧|2 ]

➢ |𝑧1 |2 + 4|z2|2 - 2𝑧1 𝑧2 −2z1𝑧2
= 4 + |z1|2|z2|2 - 2𝑧1 𝑧2 − 2𝑧1 𝑧2 ➔ (|z2|2 - 1)(|z1|2 - 4) = 0
..
. |z2|≠ 1
... |z1|=2
Let z1 = x + iy ➔ x2 + y2 = (2)2
... point z1 lies on a circle of radius 2.
1
7. If z is a complex number such that |z|>2, then the minimum value of|𝑧 + | (2014 Main)
2
5 (b) lies in the interval (1,2)
(a) is equal to
2
5 3 5
(c) is strictly greater than (d) is strictly greater than but less than
2 2 2

Solution - (b) |z|≥ 2 is the region on or outside circle whose centre is (0, 0) and
radius is 2.
1 1
Minimum |𝑧 + | = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑧, 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑙𝑖𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 |𝑧| = 2 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 (− , 0).
2 2
1 1
... minimum |𝑧 + 2| = 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 (− 2 , 0) 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚(−2,0).

1 3 2 1 3 2
= √(−2 + 2) + 0 = 2 = √(− 2 + 2) + 0 = 2
1
Geometrically Min|𝑧 + 2| = 𝐴𝐷
1
Hence, minimum value of |𝑧 + 2| 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑣𝑎𝑙 (1,2).

1
8. Let complex numbers α and lies on circles (x−x0)2+(y−y0)2 = r2 and (x−x0)2 + (y-y0)2=4r2,
𝛼
respectively.

If z0 = x0 + iy0 satisfies the equation 2|z0|2=r2 + 2, then |α|is equal to, (2013 Adv.)

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1 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d)
√2 2 √7 3

Solution - (c) PLAN- intersection of circles, the basic concept is to solve the equations
simultaneously and using properties of modulus of complex numbers.
FORMULA USED |z|2=z.𝑧
And |z1 - z2|2 = (z1 - z2)(𝑧1 − 𝑧2 )
=|z1|2 - z1𝑧2 − 𝑧2 𝑧1 + |𝑧2 |2
Here, (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )2 + (𝑦 − 𝑦0 )2 = 𝑟 2
And (𝑥 − 𝑥0 )2 + (𝑦 − 𝑦0 )2 = 4𝑟 2 can be written as,
|𝑧 − 𝑧0 |2 = 𝑟 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝑧 − 𝑧0 |2 = 4𝑟 2
1
Since, 𝛼 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛼̅ 𝑙𝑖𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑛 𝑓𝑖𝑟𝑠𝑡 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑝𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑙𝑦.
1
So |𝛼 − 𝑧0 |2 = r2 and |𝛼 − 𝑧0 |2 = 4r2

➢ (𝛼 − 𝑧0 )(𝛼 − 𝑧0 ) = 𝑟 2
➢ |𝛼|2 - 𝑧0 𝛼 − 𝑧0 𝛼 + |𝑧0 |2 = r2 …(i)
1 2
and |𝛼 − 𝑧0 | = 4𝑟 2
1 1
➢ ( − 𝑧0 )( − 𝑧0 ) = 4𝑟2
𝛼 𝛼
1 𝑧0 𝑧0
➢ |𝛼|2
− 𝛼
− 𝛼
+ |𝑧0 |2 = 4𝑟 2

Since , |𝛼|2 = 𝛼. 𝛼
1 𝑧 .𝛼 𝑧
➢ 0
− |𝛼| 0
2 − |𝛼|2 . 𝛼 +
|𝑧0 |2 = 4𝑟 2
|𝛼|2

➢ 1 - 𝑧0 𝛼 - 𝑧0 𝛼 + |𝛼|2 |𝑧0 |2 = 4𝑟 2 |𝛼|2 …(ii)

On subtracting Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
(|𝛼|2 − 1) + |𝑧0 |2 (1 − |𝛼|2 ) = 𝑟 2 (1 − 4|𝛼|2 )
(|𝛼|2 − 1)(1 − |𝑧0 |2 ) = 𝑟 2 (1 − 4|𝛼|2 )
𝑟2 + 2
(|𝛼|2 − 1) (1 − ) = 𝑟 2 (1 − 4|𝛼|2 )
2
𝑟2 + 2
Given, |𝑧0 |2 =
2
−𝑟 2
➢ (|𝛼|2 − 1). ( 2
) = 𝑟 2 (1 − 4|𝛼|2 )

➢ |𝛼|2 – 1 = -2 + 8|α|2
1
➢ 7|𝛼|2 = 1 ...|α|=
√7

9. Let z be a complex number such that the imaginary part of z is non-zero and a = (z2 + z +
1) is real. Then, α cannot take the value (2012)
(a) -1 1 1 3
(b) (c) (d)
3 2 4

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−𝑏 ± √𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
Solution - (d) PLAN- if 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 ℎ𝑎𝑠 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝛼, 𝛽, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝛼, 𝛽 = 2𝑎

For roots to be real b2 - 4ac ≥ 0.

Description of Situation As imaginary part of z = x + iy is non-zero.
• y≠ 0
Method I Let z = x + iy
... a = (x + iy)2 + (x + iy) + 1
(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 + 1 − 𝑎) + 𝑖(2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦) = 0
(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑥 + 1 − 𝑎)+ iy(2x + 1) = 0, ….(i)
It is purely real, if y(2x + 1) = 0
But imaginary part of z, i.e. y is non-zero.
1
➢ 2x + 1 = 0 or x = - 2
1 1
From Eq. (i), − 𝑦2 − + 1 − 𝑎 = 0
4 2
3 3
➢ a = - y2 + 4 ➔ 𝑎 < 4

Method II Here, z2 + z + (1 - a) = 0
−1±√1−4(1−𝑎)
... 𝑧=
2𝑥1
−1±√4𝑎−3
➢ z= 2
3
For z do not have real roots, 4a – 3 < 0 ➔ 𝑎 <
4

10. Let z = x + iy be a complex number where, x and y are integers. Then, the area of the
rectangle whose vertices Are the root of the equation z𝑧3 +𝑧z3 = 350, is (2012)

(a) 48 (b) 32 (c) 40 (d) 80

Solution - (a) Since, z𝑧(𝑧 2 + 𝑧 −2 ) = 350
2 (x2 + y2) (x2 - y2) = 350
➢ (x2 + y2) (x2 - y2) = 175
Since, x, y 𝜖 𝐼, 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑝𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑏𝑙𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛, 𝑖𝑠
X2 + y2 = 25 ….(i)
X2 - y2 = 7 ….(ii)
From Eqs. (i) and (ii),
X2 = 16, y2 = 9 ➔ x = ±4, 𝑦 = ±3
Area of rectangle = 8 x 6 = 48

𝑧
11. If |z|= 1 and z ≠ ±1, then all the values of lie on (2007,3M)
1−𝑧 2

(a) a line not passing through the origin (b) |z|= √2

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(c) the X-axis (d) the Y-axis
Solution - (d) Let z = cos 𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
𝑧 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
➔ = 1−(𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛2𝜃)
1−𝑧 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
= 2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃−2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 )
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑖
= =
−2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃) 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
𝑧
Hence, 1−𝑧2 lies on the imaginary axis i.e. Y-axis.
𝑧 𝑧 1
Alternate Solution - Let E = 1−𝑧2 = 𝑧𝑧−𝑧2 = 𝑧−𝑧 which is an imaginary.

𝜔−𝜔𝑧
12. If  = α + iβ, where β ≠ 0 and z ≠ 1, satisfies the condition that ( ) is purely
1−𝑧

real, then the set of values of z is (2006,3M)

(a)|z| = 1, z ≠ 2 (b)|z| = 1 and z ≠ 2 (c) z = 𝑧 (d)noneof these
𝜔 − 𝜔𝑧
Solution - (b) Let 𝑧1 = 1−𝑧
𝑏𝑒 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙➔𝑧1 = 𝑧1
𝜔−𝜔𝑧 𝜔−𝜔𝑧
=
1−𝑧 1−𝑧

𝜔 − 𝜔𝑧 − 𝜔𝑧 + 𝜔𝑧. 𝑧 = 𝜔 − 𝑧𝜔 − 𝜔𝑧 + 𝜔𝑧. 𝑧
(𝜔 − 𝜔) + (𝜔 − 𝜔) |𝑧|2 = 0
(𝜔 − 𝜔)(1 − |𝑧|2 ) = 0
|𝑧|2 = 1 [𝑎𝑠 𝜔 − 𝜔 ≠ 0, 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝛽 ≠ 0]
|z| = 1 and z ≠ 1

𝑍−1
13. If |z|=1 and  = (where, z≠ -1), then Re () is (2003,1M)
𝑧+1
1 1 1
(a) 0 (b) |𝑧+1|2 (c) |𝑧+1 |.|𝑧+1| 2 √2
(d)|𝑧+1|2
𝑧−1
Solution - (a) since, |z| = 1 and 𝜔 = 𝑧 + 1
1+𝜔 |1+𝜔|
➔z – 1 = 𝜔𝑧 + 𝜔 ➔ z = 1 − 𝜔 ➔ |z| = | 1 − 𝜔 |

➢ |1 - 𝜔| = |1 − 𝜔| [... |z| = 1]
On squaring both sides, we get
1 + |𝜔|2 – 2 |𝜔| 𝑅𝑒 (𝜔) = 1 + |𝜔|2 + 2|𝜔|𝑅𝑒(𝜔)
[using |𝑧1 ± 𝑧2 |2=|𝑧1 |2 + |z2|2 ± 2 |𝑧1 ||𝑧2 |𝑅𝑒 ± (𝑧1 𝑧2 )]
➢ 4|𝜔|𝑅𝑒 |𝜔| = 0
= Re(𝜔) = 0

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14. For all complex numbers z1, z2 satisfying |z1|=12 and |z2 – 3 - 4i|=5, the minimum value
of |z1-z2| is (2002,1M)
(a)0 (b)2 (c)7 (d)17
Solution - (b) We know, |𝑧1 − 𝑧2 | = |𝑧1 − (𝑧2 − 3 − 4𝑖) − (3 + 4𝑖)|
≥ |𝑧1 | − |𝑧2 − 3 − 4𝑖| - |3 + 4𝑖|
≥ 12 − 5 − 5 [𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 |𝑧1 − 𝑧1 | ≥ |𝑧1 | − |𝑧2 |]
...|𝑧1 − 𝑧2 | ≥ 2
Alternate Solution - Clearly from the figure |𝑧1 − 𝑧2 | is minimum when 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 lie along the diameter.

𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑒 |𝑧1 − 𝑧2 | ≥ 𝐶2 𝐵 − 𝐶2 𝐴 ≥ 12 − 10 = 2

1 1 1
15. If z1,z2 and z3 are complex numbers such that |z1|=|z2|=|z3|=) | + 𝑍 + 𝑍 | = 1,
𝑍1 2 3

then |z1 + z2 + z3| is (2000,2M)

(a) equal to 1 (b) less than 1 (c) greater than 3 (d) equal to 3
Solution - (a) Given |𝑧1 | = |𝑧2 | = |𝑧3 | = 1
Now, |𝑧1 | = 1
|𝑧1 |2 = 1➔𝑧1 𝑧1 = 1
Similarly, 𝑧2 𝑧2 = 1, 𝑧3 𝑧3 = 1
1 1 1
Again now, |𝑧 + 𝑧 + 𝑧 | = 1
1 2 3

➢ |𝑧1 + 𝑧2 + 𝑧3 | = 1➔ |𝑧1 + 𝑧2 + 𝑧3 | = 1
|𝑧1 + 𝑧2 + 𝑧3 | = 1

16. For positive integers n1, n2 the value of expression (1 + i)n1 + ( 1 + i3)n1 + (1 + i5)n2 + (1 +

i7)n2, here i= √−1 is a real number, if and only if (1996,2M)

(a) n1 = n2 + 1 (b) n1 = n2 – 1 (c) n1 = n2 (d) n1 > o, n2 > 0
Solution - (d) (𝑖 + 𝑛)2 + (1 − 𝑖)𝑛1 + (1 + 𝑖)𝑛2 + (1 − 𝑛)𝑛2
= [ 𝑛1𝐶0 + 𝑛1𝐶1 𝑖 + 𝑛1𝐶2 𝑖 2 + 𝑛1𝐶3 𝑖 3 + ⋯ ] + [ 𝑛1𝐶0 - 𝑛1𝐶1 𝑖 + 𝑛1𝐶2 𝑖 2 − 𝑛1𝐶3 𝑖 3 + ⋯ ] + [ 𝑛2𝐶0 +
𝑛2
𝐶1 𝑖 + 𝑛2𝐶2 𝑖 2 + 𝑛2𝐶3 𝑖 3 + ⋯ ] + [𝑛2 𝐶0 - 𝑛2𝐶1 𝑖 + 𝑛2𝐶2 𝑖 2 − 𝑛2𝐶3 𝑖 3 + ⋯ ]
= 2[ 𝑛1𝐶0 + 𝑛1𝐶2 𝑖 2 + 𝑛1𝐶4 𝑖 4 + … ] + 2 [ 𝑛2𝐶0 + 𝑛2𝐶2 𝑖 2 + 𝑛2 𝐶4 𝑖 4 + … ]

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= 2[ 𝑛1𝐶0 − 𝑛1
𝐶2 + 𝑛1
𝐶4 − ⋯ .] + 2[ 𝑛2𝐶0 − 𝑛2
𝐶2 + 𝑛2
𝐶4 − ⋯ .

This is a real number irrespective of the values on n1 and n2.

Alternate Solution {(𝟏 + 𝒊)𝑛1 + (1 − 𝑖)𝑛1 } + {(1 + 𝑖)𝑛2 + (1 − 𝑖)𝑛1 }
A real number for all n1 and n2 ∈ 𝑅.
[... z + 𝑧 = 2 𝑅𝑒(𝑧)➔(1 + 𝑖)𝑛1 +(1 − 𝑖)𝑛1 is real number for all n ∈ 𝑅]

17. The complex numbers sin (x + i)cos2x and cos (x – i)sin2x are conjugate to each other, for

(a)x = nπ (b) x = 0 1 (d) no value of x (1988,2M)

(c) x = (n + )π
2

Solution - (d) since, (𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑥 + 𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠2𝑥) = cos x - i sin 2x

➔ sin x – i cos 2x = cos x – i sin 2x
➢ Sin x = cos x and cos 2x = sin 2x
➢ tan x = 1 and tan 2x = 1
𝜋 𝜋
x = 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑥 = which is not possible at same time. Hence, no solution exists.
4 8

18. The points z1, z2, z3 and z4 in the complex plane are the vertices of a parallelogram taken
in order, if and only if (1983,1M)
(a) z1 + z4 = z2 + z3 (b) z1 + z3 = z2 + z4 (c) z1 + z2 = z3 + z4 (d)none of these
Solution - (b) since, 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 , 𝑧3 , 𝑧4 are the same vertices of parallelogram.

Mid-point of AC = mid-point of BD
𝑧1 + 𝑧3 𝑧2 + 𝑧4
➢ 2
= 2

➢ 𝑧1 + 𝑧3 = 𝑧2 + 𝑧4

(1−𝑖𝑧)
19. If z = x + iy and  = ( ),then || = 1 implies that, in the complex plane (1983,1M)
(𝑧−𝑖)

(a) z lies on the imaginary axis (b) z lies on the real axis
(c) z lies on the unit circle (d) none of these
1 − 𝑖𝑧
Solution - (b) Since, |𝜔| = 1 ➔ | 𝑧 − 𝑖 | = 1
|z – i| = |1 - iz|

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|z - i| = |z + i| [... |1 - iz| = | -i ||z + i| = |z + i|]
.
.. It is a perpendicular bisector of (0, 1) and (0, -1)
i.e. X-axis. Thus, z lies on the real axis.

20. The inequality |z - 4| < |z - 2| represents the region given by (1982,2m)

(a) Re (z) ≥ 0 (b) Re (z) < 0 (c) Re (z) > 0 (d) none of these
Solution - (d) 20. Given, |z - 4| < |z - 2|
Since, |z - z1| > |z - z2| represents the region on right side of perpendicular bisector of z1 and z2.
... |z - 2| > |z - 4|
➢ Re (z) > 3 and Im (z) ∈ 𝑅

5 5
√3 𝑖 √3 𝑖
21. If z = ( 2 + 2 ) + ( 2 − 2) ,then (1981,2M)

(a) Re (z) = 0 (b) Im ( z ) = 0

(c) Re (z) > 0, Im(z) > 0 (d) Re (z) > 0, Im(z) < 0
5 5
3 𝑖 3 𝑖
Solution - (b) Given, z = (√2 + 2) + (√2 − 2)

−1+𝑖√3 −1−𝑖√3
... [𝜔 = 2
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜔2 = 2
]

√3+𝑖 −1+𝑖√3
Now, 2
= -I( 2
)= −𝑖𝜔

√3−𝑖 −1−𝑖√3
And 2
= 𝑖( 2
) = 𝑖𝜔2

... 𝑧 = (−𝑖𝜔)5 + (𝑖𝜔2 )5 = −𝑖𝜔2 + 𝑖𝜔

=i(𝜔 − 𝜔2 ) = 𝑖(𝑖√3) = −√3

➢ Re (z) < 0 and Im (z)=0
Alternate Solution -We know that, z + 𝑧 = 2 Re(z)
5 5
√3 𝑖 √3 𝑖
If 𝑧 = ( 2 + 2) + ( 2 − 2) , then

z is purely real. i.e. Im (z)=0

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𝑧−5𝑖
22. The complex numbers z=x+iy which satisfy the equation | | = 1, lie on (1981, 2M)
𝑧+5𝑖

(a) the X-axis (b) the straight-line y = 5

(c) a circle passing through the origin (d) None of the above
𝑧 − 5𝑖
Solution - (a) Given, |𝑧 + 5𝑖| = 1 ➔ |z - 5i| = |z + 5i|
[... if|z - z1| = |z - z2|, then it is perpendicular bisector of z1 and z2]

Perpendicular bisector of (0,5) and (0,-5) is X-axis.

Objectives Questions II (one or more than one correct option)

23. Let s, t, r be the non-zero complex numbers and L be the set of solutions z = x + iy

(x, y  R, I = √−1) of the equation sz + t𝑧 + r = 0, where 𝑧 = x - iy. Then, which of

the following statement(s) is (are) TRUE? (2018adv.)
(a) If L has exactly one element, then |s|≠|t|
(b) If |s|=|t|, then L has infinitely many elements
(c) The number of elements in LՌ {z:| z – 1 + i|= 5} is at most 2
(d) If L has more than one element, then L has infinitely many elements
Solution - (a, c, d) we have, sz + t𝑧 + 𝑟 = 0 ….(i)
On taking conjugate 𝑠𝑧 + 𝑡𝑧 + 𝑟 = 0….(ii)
𝑟𝑡 − 𝑟𝑠
On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get Z = |𝑠|2 − |𝑡|2

(a) For unique solutions of z

|𝑠|2 − |𝑡|2 ≠ 0 ➔ |s|≠ |𝑡| . It is true
(b) If |s|=|t|, then 𝑟𝑡 − 𝑟𝑠 may or may not be zero.
So, z may have no solutions. L may be an empty set.
So, It is false.
(c) If elements of set L represents line, then ths line and given circle intersect at
maximum two point. Hence, it is true
(d) In this case locus of z is a line, so L has infinite elements. Hence, it is true.

24. Let z1 and z2 be complex numbers such that z1 ≠ z2 and |z1| = |z2|. If z1 has positive real

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𝑍 + 𝑍
part and z2 has negative imaginary part, then 𝑍 1 − 𝑍2 may be (1986,2M)
1 2

(a) zero (b) real and positive

(c) real and negative (d) purely imaginary
Solution - (a, d) Given,|z1|=|z2|
𝑧1 +𝑧2 𝑧1 − 𝑧2 𝑧1 𝑧1 −𝑧1 𝑧2 +𝑧2 𝑧1 −𝑧2 𝑧2
Now, × = |𝑧1 −𝑧2 |2
𝑧1 −𝑧2 𝑧1 − 𝑧2

|𝑧1 |2 +(𝑧2 𝑧1 −𝑧1 𝑧2 )−|𝑧2 |2

= |𝑧1 −𝑧2 |2

𝑧2 𝑧1 −𝑧1 𝑧2
= [...|𝑧1 |2 = |𝑧2 |2 ]
|𝑧1 −𝑧2 |2

As we know z - 𝑧 = 2𝑖 𝐼𝑚(𝑧)
.
.. 𝑧2 𝑧1 − 𝑧1 𝑧2 = 2𝑖 𝐼𝑚 (𝑧2 𝑧1 )
𝑍1 +𝑧2 2𝑖 𝐼𝑚 (𝑧2 𝑧1 )
= |𝑧1 −𝑧2 |2
Which purely imaginary or zero.
𝑧1 −𝑧2

25. If z1 = a + ib and z2 = c + id are complex numbers such as that |z1|=|z2|=1 and Re(z1𝑧2)=0,
then the pair of complex numbers ω1 = α + ic and ω2 = b = id satisfies (1985,2M)

(a) |ω1| = 1 (b) |ω2| = 1

(c)Re (ω1𝜔2) = 0 (d)None of these
Solution - (a, b, c) Since, 𝑧1 = 𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧2 = 𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑
➢ |𝑧1 |2 = 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝑧2 |2 = 𝑐 2 + 𝑑2 = 1 …(i)
…[|𝑧1 | = |𝑧2 | = 1]
Also, Re (𝑧1 𝑧2 ) = 0 ➔ ac + bd = 0
𝑎 𝑑
➢ 𝑏
= −𝑐 = 𝜆 [say]…(ii)

From Eqs. (i) and (ii), 𝑏 2 𝜆2 + 𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 + 𝜆2 𝑐 2

𝑏 2 = 𝑐 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎2 = 𝑑2
Also, given 𝑤1 = a + ic and w2 = b + id

Now, |w1|=√𝑎2 + 𝑐 2 =√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 1

|w2|=√𝑏 2 + 𝑑2 =√𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 = 1
𝑤2 = ab + cd = (b𝜆)𝑏 + 𝑐(−𝜆𝑐) [𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐸𝑞. (𝑖)]
And Re(w1 ̅̅̅̅)
= 𝜆 (b2 – c2 ) = 0

Passage Based Problems

(Read the following passages and answer the questions that follow.)

Passage I - Let A,B,C be three sets of complex number as defined below (2008,12M)

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A={z: Im (z)≥ 1}

B={z: |z-2-i|=3}

C={z:Re((1-i)z)=√2}

26. Minzs|1 – 3i – z| is equal to

2−√3 2+√3 3−√3 3+√3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 2 2 2

Solution - (c) 𝑚𝑖𝑛 |1 − 3𝑖 − 𝑧| = perpendicular distance of point (1, -3)

𝑧∈𝑠

|√3 − 3| 3−√3
From the line √3𝑥 + y = 0 ➔ =
√3 + 1 2

27. Area of S is equal to

10𝜋 20𝜋 16𝜋 32𝜋
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3 3 3

Solution - (b) Since S = S1 ∩ S2 ∩ S3

Clearly, the shaded region represents the area of sector

1 1 5𝜋 20𝜋
... S = 2 r2θ = 2 x 42 x 6
= 3

28. Let z be any point in A ꓵ B ꓵ C and let ω be any point satisfying |ω -2 – i| < 3.
Then, |z| - |ω| + 3 lies between;l

(a) -6 and 3 (b) -3 and 6 (c) -6 and 6 (d)-3 and 9

Solution - (d) Since, |w - (2 + i) | < 3 → |w| - |2 + i| < 3

→ - 3 + √5 < |𝑤| < 3 + √5

→ - 3 - √5 < −|𝑤| < 3 − √5 ……..(1)

Also, |z - (2 + i)|= 3
➢ - 3 + √5 ≤ |𝑧| ≤ 3 + √5 …….(2)
... - 3 < |z| - |w| + 3 < 9

Passage II - Let S = S1 ꓵ S2 ꓵ S3, where S1 = {zC: |z|<4}, S2 = {zC : Im[ }

𝑧 − 1 + √3𝑖
]>0 ,
1 − √3𝑖

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S3 = {zC:Re z > 0} (2008)

29. Let z be any point in A ꓵ B ꓵ C. The |z + 1 -i|2 =|z – 5 - i|2 lies between

(a) 25 and 29 (b) 30 and 34 (c) 35 and 39 (d) 40 and 44

Solution - (c) |z + 1 = i| +|z - 5 –i|2
= (x + 1)2 + (y - 1)2(x - 5)2 + (y - 1)2
=2(x2 + y2 - 4x - 2y) +28
=2(4) + 28 = 36 [ ... x2 + y2 - 4x - 2y = 4]

30. The number of elements in the set A ꓵ B ꓵ C is

(a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) ∞

Solution - (b) Let z= x+ iy
Set A corresponds to the region y≥ 1 ….(i)
Set B consists of points lying on the circle centre at (2, 1) and
radius 3. i.e x2 + y2 - 4x - 2y = 4 ….(ii)
Set C consists of points lying on the x + y = √2 ….(iii)

Clearly, there is only one point of intersection of the line x + y = √2 and circle x2 + y2 - 4x - 2y = 4.

Match the columns

31. Match the statements of column I with those of column II. (2010)

Here, z takes values in the complex plane and Im(z) and Re(z) denote respectively, the
imaginary part and the real part of z.

Column I Column II
a. The set of points z satisfying 4
P. an ellipse with eccentricity
5
| z – i | z ||=| z + i| z||is contained in or
equal to

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b. The set of points z satisfying Q. the set of points z satisfying Im (z)=0
|z+4| + |z-4|=0 is contained in or equal to
1
c. If |w|=2, then the set of points z = w - 𝑤 R. the set of points z satisfying |Im (z)|≤1

is contained in or equal to
d. If |w|=1, then the set of points S. the set of points
1
Z = w + 𝑤 is contained in or equal to T. the set of points z satisfying |z|≤3

Solution – A - q, r B-p

C - p, s, t D - q, r, s, t

A. Let z = x + iy B. we have 2ae = 8, 2a = 10

=> we get y √𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 = 0 => 10e = 8

4
=> y=0 => e =
5
=> 𝐼𝑚 (z) = 0 16 𝑥2 𝑦2
=> b2 = 25 (1 − )= 9 . .. + = 1
25 25 9

C. Let w = 2 (cos θ + i sin 𝜃) D. Let 𝜔 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃

1
... z = 2 (cos θ + i sin θ) -
2(𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃)
1
1 Then z = x + iy = cos 𝜃 + i sin𝜃 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃+ 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 2 cosθ
= 2 (cos θ + i sin θ ) - 2 (cos𝜃 – i sin𝜃)
3 5
= 2 cos θ + 2 i sinθ
➢ x= 2 cos 𝜃, y =0
Let z = x + iy
3 5
➢ X = 2 cos θ and y = 2 sinθ
2𝑥 2 2𝑦 2
➢ (3) +(5) =1

𝑥2 𝑦2 9/4 4
➢ 9/4
+ 25/4 =1 ... e = √1 − 25/4 = 5

Fill in the Blanks

32. If α, β, ϒare the cube roots of p, q < 0, then for any x, y and z and then
𝑥𝛼 + 𝑦𝛽 + 𝑧ϒ
=………….. (1990,2M)
𝑥𝛽 + 𝑦ϒ + 𝑧𝛼

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1 1 1
𝑥𝛼+𝑦𝛽+𝑧ϒ 𝑥 (𝑝)3 + 𝑦 (𝑝)3 𝜔 + 𝑧 (𝑝)3 𝜔2 𝜔2 ( 𝑥 + 𝑦𝜔 +𝑧 𝜔 2 )
Solution : 𝑥𝛽+𝑦ϒ+𝑧𝛼 = 1 1 1 = 𝜔 2 ( 𝑥𝜔 + 𝑦𝜔 2 +𝑧)
𝑥 (𝑝)3 𝜔2 + 𝑦 (𝑝)3 𝜔3 + 𝑧 (𝑝)3 𝜔

𝜔 2 ( 𝑥 + 𝑦𝜔 +𝑧 𝜔 2 )
= = 𝜔2
( 𝑥 + 𝑦𝜔 +𝑧𝜔 2 )

33. For any two complex numbers z1 , z2 and any real numbers a and b,
|az1-bz2|2+|bz1+az2|2=……… (1988,2M)
Solution : |az1 – bz2|2 + |bz1 + az2|2

= [a2|z1|2 + b2|z2|2 – 2ab Re (z1𝑧)] + [b2|z1|2 + a2 |z2|2 + 2ab Re(z1𝑧̅2)]

= (a2 + b2) (|z1|2 + |z2|2)

𝑥 𝑥
[𝑠𝑖𝑛( )+𝑐𝑜𝑠( )−𝑖 𝑡𝑎𝑛(𝑥)]
2 2
34. If the expression 𝑥 is real,then the set of all possible
[1+2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛(2)]

values of x is..…
(1987,2M)
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
(𝑠𝑖𝑛 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ) − 𝑖 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝑥 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 +𝑐𝑜𝑠 −𝑖𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥) (1−2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑥/2)
2 2 2 2
Solution : 𝑥 ∈𝑅 = 𝑥
1 + 2 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 1 + 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛2
2 2

Since, it is real, so imaginary part will be zero.

𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
... – 2 sin 2 (sin 2 + cos 2) – tan x = 0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
➢ 2 sin 2 (sin 2 + cos 2 ) cos x + 2 sin 2 cos 2 = 0
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
➢ Sin 2 [(𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2) (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 2 – 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 2 ) + 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2] = 0
𝑥
... sin 2 = 0

➢ x = 2nπ ….(i)
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
0r ( sin 2 + cos 2) (cos2 2 – sin2 2 ) + cos 2 = 0
𝑥
On dividing by cos3 2 , 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
𝑥 𝑥 𝑥
(𝑡𝑎𝑛 + 1) (1 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 ) + (1 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛2 ) = 0
2 2 2
𝑥 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑥
 𝑡𝑎𝑛3 − −2=0
2 2
𝑥
Let tan = 𝑡 and f(t) = 𝑡 3 − 𝑡 − 2
2

Then, f(1) = - 2 < 0 and f(2) = 4 > 0

Thus, f ( t ) changes sign from negative to positive in the interval (1, 2).
... Let t = k be the root for which f (k) = 0 and k ∈ (1, 2)
𝑥
t=k or 𝑡𝑎𝑛 = 𝑘 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝛼
2

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 x/2 = n𝜋 + 𝛼
𝑥 = 2𝑛𝜋 + 2𝛼, 𝛼 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑘, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝑘 ∈ (1, 2)
={
𝑜𝑟 𝑥 = 2𝑛𝜋

True/False

35.If three complex numbers are in AP. Then, they lie on a circle in the complex plane. (1985)
Solution : since, 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 , 𝑧3 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑃. ➔ 2 𝑧2 = 𝑧1 + 𝑧3
i.e. points are collinear, thus do not lie on circle. Hence, it is a false statement.

36. If the complex numbers, z1,z2 and z3 represent the vertices of an equilateral
triangle such that |z1|=|z2|=|z3|, then z1+z2+z3=0 (1984 1M)
Solution : 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 , 𝑧3 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝑧1 | = |𝑧2 | = |𝑧3 |
➔ 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 , 𝑧3 𝑙𝑖𝑒 𝑜𝑛 𝑎 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑎𝑡 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛.
 Circumcentre = Centroid
𝑧1 + 𝑧2 + 𝑧3
 0= ... 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 + 𝑧3 = 0
3

37. For complex numbers z1 = x1 + iy1 and z2 = x2 + iy2,we write z1 ꓵ z2,if x1 ˂ x2 and
1−𝑧
y1 < y2. Then, for all complex numbers z with 1 ꓵ z, we have ꓵ 0. (1981,2M)
1+𝑧
Solution : Let z = x + iy ➔ 1 ∩ 𝑧 gives 1 ∩ 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦
Or 1 ≤ 𝑥 𝑎𝑛𝑑 0 ≤ 𝑦
1−𝑧 1 − 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦
Given, 1+𝑧
∩0 ➔ 1 + 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦
∩0
(1 − 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦)(1 + 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦)
 (1 + 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦)(1 + 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦)
∩ 0 + 0𝑖
1 − 𝑥 2 − 𝑦2 2𝑖𝑦
 (1 + 𝑥 2 ) + 𝑦 2
− (1 + 𝑥2 ) + 𝑦2 ∩ 0 + 0𝑖

=> 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≥ 1 and - 2y ≤ 0
or 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ≥ 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦 ≥ 0 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑡𝑟𝑢𝑒 𝑏𝑦 𝐸𝑞. (𝑖)

Analytical & Descriptive Questions

38. Find the center and radius of circle formed by all the points represented by z = x + iy
𝑧−𝛼
satisfying the relation | |= k ( k ≠ 1 ), where α and β are the constant complex
𝑧−𝛽

numbers given by α = α1 + i α2, β= β1+i β2. (1998 , JAN PHASE 1)

Solution : As we know, |𝑧|2 = 𝑧 . 𝑧

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|𝑧 − 𝛼|2
Given,
|𝑧 − 𝛽|2
= 𝑘2

(𝑧 − 𝛼)(𝑧 − 𝛼) = 𝑘 2 (𝑧 − 𝛽)(𝑧 − 𝛽)

|𝑧|2 − 𝛼𝑧 − 𝛼𝑧 + |𝛼|2 = 𝑘 2 (|𝑧|2 − 𝛽𝑧 − 𝛽 𝑧 + |𝛽|2 )

|𝑧|2 (1 − 𝑘 2 ) − (𝛼 − 𝑘 2 𝛽)𝑧 − (𝛼 − 𝛽𝑘 2 )𝑧 + (|𝛼|2 − 𝑘 2 |𝛽|2 ) = 0
(𝛼−𝑘 2 𝛽) (𝛼−𝛽𝑘 2 ) |𝛼|2 −𝑘 2 |𝛽|2
 |𝑧|2 − (1−𝑘 2 )
𝑧 − (1−𝑘 2 )
𝑧 + (1−𝑘 2 )
=0 ….(i)

On comparing with equation of circle , |𝑧|2 + 𝑎𝑧 + 𝑎𝑧 + 𝑏 = 0

Whose centre is (-𝛼) and radius=√|𝑎|2 − 𝑏

𝛼−𝑘 2 𝛽
... centre for Eq.(i) = 1−𝑘 2

𝛼−𝑘 2 𝛽 𝛼−𝑘 2 𝛽 𝛼𝛼−𝑘 2 𝛽𝛽 𝒌(𝜶−𝜷)

And radius =√( 1−𝑘2 ) ( 1−𝑘 2 ) − 1−𝑘 2
= | 𝟏−𝒌𝟐
|

39. Prove that there exists no complex number z such that |z| < 1/3 and

∑𝑛𝑟=1 ar zrwhere |ar|<2. (2003,2M)

1
Solution : Given, 𝑎1 𝑧 + 𝑎2 𝑧 2 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 𝑧 𝑛 = 1 and |z| < 3 …….(i)
... |𝑎1 𝑧 + 𝑎2 𝑧 2 + 𝑎3 𝑧 3 + ⋯ + 𝑎𝑛 𝑧 𝑛 | = 1
|𝑎1 𝑧| + |𝑎2 𝑧 2 | + |𝑎3 𝑧 3 | + ⋯ + |𝑎𝑛 𝑧 𝑛 | ≥ 1 [using |𝑧1 + 𝑧2 |≤ |𝑧1 | + |𝑧2 |]
2{(|𝑧| + |𝑧|2 + |𝑧|3 + ⋯ … … + |𝑧|𝑛 } > 1 [using |𝑎𝑟 | < 2]
2|𝑧|(1−|𝑧|𝑛 )
>1 [using sum of n terms of GP]
1−|𝑧|

 2|𝑧| − 2|𝑧|𝑛+1 > 1 − |𝑧|

 3|𝑧| > 1 + 2|𝑧|𝑛+1
1 2
 |𝑧| > 3 + 3 |𝑧|𝑛+1
1
 |𝑧| > 3 , 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑠 ….(ii)
1
There exists no complex number z such that |𝑧| < 𝑎𝑛𝑑 ∑𝑛𝑟=1 𝑎𝑟 𝑧𝑟 = 1
3

40. If z1 and z2 are two complex numbers such that |z1| < 1 < |z2|, then prove that
1−𝑍1 𝑧 2
| | < 1. (2003,2M)
𝑍1 −𝑍2

Solution : Given, |𝑧1 | < 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝑧2 | > 1 then to prove ..…(i)
1−𝑧1 𝑧2 𝑧 |𝑧 |
|𝑧 |<1 [𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 |𝑧1 | = |𝑧1 |]
1 −𝑧2 2 2

|1 − 𝑧1 𝑧2 | < |𝑧1 − 𝑧2 | ……(ii)

On squaring both sides, we get, (1 − 𝑧1 𝑧2 )(1 − 𝑧1 𝑧2 ) < (𝑧1 − 𝑧2 )(𝑧1 − 𝑧2 ) [using|𝑧|2 = 𝑧𝑧]

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS
 1 − 𝑧1 𝑧2 − 𝑧1 𝑧2 + 𝑧1 𝑧1 𝑧2 𝑧2 < 𝑧1 𝑧1 − 𝑧1 𝑧2 − 𝑧2 𝑧1 + 𝑧2 𝑧2
 1 + |𝑧1 |2 |𝑧2 |2 < |𝑧1 |2 + |𝑧2 |2
 1 − |𝑧1 |2 − |𝑧2 |2 + |𝑧1 |2 |𝑧2 |2 < 0
 (1 − |𝑧1 |2 )(1 − |𝑧2 |2 ) < 0 ….…(iii)
Which is true by Eq. (i) as |𝑧1 | < 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 |𝑧2 | > 1
... (1 − |𝑧1 |2 ) > 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (1 − |𝑧2 |2 ) < 0
... Eq. (iii) is true whenever Eq. (ii) is true.
1−𝑧1 𝑧2
|𝑧 | <1 Hence proved.
1 −𝑧2

41. For complex numbers z and ω, prove that |𝑧|2 ω - |𝜔|2z = z – ω, if 𝑎𝑛𝑑 only if z= ω

or z 𝜔=1. (1999,10M)
Solution : Given, |𝑧|2 𝜔 − |𝜔|2 𝑧 = 𝑧 − 𝜔
➔ 𝑧𝑧 𝜔 − 𝜔𝜔 𝑧 = 𝑧 − 𝜔 [... |𝑧|2 = 𝑧𝑧] ….(i)
Taking modulus of both sides, we get |𝑧𝜔||𝑧 − 𝜔| = |𝑧 − 𝜔|
o |𝑧𝜔||𝑧 − 𝜔| = |𝑧 − 𝜔| [... |𝑧| = |𝑧|]
o |𝑧𝜔||𝑧 − 𝜔| = |𝑧 − 𝜔|
o |𝑧 − 𝜔|(|𝑧𝜔| − 1) = 0
o |𝑧 − 𝜔| = 0 or |z𝜔| - 1 =0
o |𝑧 − 𝜔| = 0 or |z𝜔| = 1
o z-𝜔 =0 or |z𝜔| = 1
o z=w or |z𝜔| = 1
Now, suppose z≠ 𝜔
Then, |z𝜔| = 1 𝑜𝑟 |𝑧| |𝜔|=1
1
o |z| = |𝜔|
=𝑟 [say]
1
Let 𝑧 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜔 = 𝑟 𝑒 𝑖∅
1 1 1
On putting these values in Eq. (i), we get, 𝑟 2 (𝑟 𝑒 𝑖∅ ) − 𝑟2 (𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 ) = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 − 𝑟 𝑒 𝑖∅
1 1
o 𝑟𝑒 𝑖∅ − 𝑟 𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 − 𝑟 𝑒 𝑖∅
1 1
o (𝑟 + 𝑟) 𝑒 𝑖∅ = (𝑟 + 𝑟) 𝑒 𝑖𝜃

o 𝑒 𝑖∅ = 𝑒 𝑖𝜃 ➔ ∅=𝜃
1
Therefore, 𝑧 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 and 𝜔 = 𝑟 𝑒 𝑖𝜃
1
 Z𝜔 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 . 𝑟
𝑒 𝑖𝜃 = 1

NOTE - If and only if means we have to prove the relation in both directions.

Conversely Assuming that, z = 𝜔 or z 𝜔 = 1

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If z = 𝜔, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
LHS = z𝑧 𝜔 − 𝜔 𝜔𝑧 = |𝑧|2 . 𝑧 − |𝜔|2 . 𝑧 = |𝑧|2 . 𝑧 − |𝑧|2 . 𝑧 = 0
And RHS = z - 𝜔 = 0
If z𝜔 = 1, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝑧𝜔 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑
LHS = z𝑧 𝜔 − 𝜔𝜔 𝑧 = 𝑧. 1 − 𝜔. 1 = 𝑧 − 𝜔 = 𝑧 − 𝜔 = 0 = RHS Hence proved .

Alternate solution
We have, |𝑧|2 𝜔 − |𝜔|2 𝑧 = 𝑧 − 𝜔
<-> |𝑧|2 𝜔 − |𝜔|2 𝑧 − 𝑧 + 𝜔 = 0
<-> (|𝑧|2 + 1)𝜔 − (|𝜔|2 + 1)𝑧 = 0
<-> (|𝑧|2 + 1)𝜔 = (|𝜔|2 + 1)𝑧
𝑧 |𝑧|2 +1
<-> = |𝜔|2
𝜔 +1
𝑧
... 𝜔
is purely real.
𝑧 𝑧
<-> 𝜔
= 𝜔 ➔ z𝜔 = 𝑧𝜔 …(i)

Again, |𝑧|2 𝜔 − |𝜔|2 𝑧 = 𝑧 − 𝜔

<-> z.𝑧𝜔 − 𝜔. 𝜔𝑧 = 𝑧 − 𝜔
<-> z (𝑧𝜔 − 1) − 𝜔(𝑧𝜔 − 1) = 0
<-> (z - 𝜔)(𝑧𝜔 − 1) = 0 [from Eq. (i)
<-> z = 𝜔 or z𝜔 = 1
Therefore |𝑧|2 𝜔 − |𝜔|2 𝑧 = 𝑧 − 𝜔 𝑖𝑓 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑛𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑓 𝑧 = 𝜔 𝑜𝑟 𝑧𝜔 = 1.

42. Find all non-zero complex numbers z satisfying 𝑧 =iz2. (1996,2M)

Solution : Let z = x + iy.

Given, 𝑧 = 𝑖𝑧 2

o (𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦) = 𝑖(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦)2

o 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦 = 𝑖(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 2𝑖 𝑥𝑦)
o 𝑥 − 𝑖𝑦 = −2𝑥𝑦 + 𝑖(𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 )
NOTE it is a compound equation , therefore we can generate from it more than one primary equations.
On equating real and imaginary parts, we get 𝑥 = −2𝑥𝑦 𝑎𝑛𝑑 − 𝑦 = 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2
o x + 2xy = 0 and 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 = 0
o x (1 + 2y) = 0
1
o x = 0 or y = -2

When x = 0, 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 = 0 ➔ 0−y2 + y = 0

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o 𝑦(1 − 𝑦) = 0 ➔ 𝑦 = 0 or y = 1
1
When, y =− , 𝑥 2 − 𝑦 2 + 𝑦 = 0
2
1 1 3
o 𝑥2 − 4 − 2 = 0 ➔𝑥 2 = 4
√3
o 𝑥=±
2

√3 𝑖
Therefore z = 0 + i 0, 0 + i ;± 2
−2
√3 𝑖
𝑧 = 𝑖, ± -− [... 𝑧 ≠ 0]
2 2

43. If iz3 +z2 – z + i = 0, then show that |z|= 1. (1995,5M)

Solution : Given, 𝑖𝑧 3 + 𝑧 2 − 𝑧 + 𝑖 = 0
➔ 𝑖𝑧 3 − 𝑖 2 𝑧 2 − 𝑧 + 𝑖 = 0 [...i2=-1]
➔ 𝑖𝑧 2 (𝑧 − 𝑖) − 1(𝑧 − 𝑖) = 0
➔(𝑖𝑧 2 − 1)(𝑧 − 𝑖) = 0
➔ 𝑧 − 𝑖 = 0 𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑧 2 − 1 = 0
1
➔ 𝑧 = 𝑖 𝑜𝑟 𝑧 2 = 𝑖 = −𝑖

If z = i, then |z| = |i| = 1

If 𝑧 2 = −𝑖, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 |𝑧 2 | = |−𝑖| = 1
➔ |𝑧|2 = 1➔ |z|=1

𝑍1  − 𝑍2
44. A relation R on the set of complex numbers is defined by z 1 R z2, if and only if is
𝑍1  + 𝑍2

real. Show that R is an equivalence relation. (1982,2M)

𝑧1 −𝑧2
Solution : Here, 𝑧1 𝑅𝑧2 < −> 𝑧1 +𝑧2
=0
𝑧1 −𝑧1
(i) Reflexive 𝒛𝟏 𝑅𝑧1 <-> =0 [purely real] ... 𝑧1 𝑅𝑧1 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑓𝑙𝑒𝑥𝑖𝑣𝑒.
𝑧1 +𝑧2
𝑧1 −𝑧2
(ii) Symmetric 𝑧1 𝑅𝑧2 <-> 𝑧1 +𝑧2
𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙
−(𝑧2 −𝑧1 )
𝑧1 +𝑧2
is real => z2Rz1 ... z1Rz2 => z2Rz1 . Therefore, it is symmetric.

(iii) Transitive z1Rz2

𝑧1 −𝑧2
 𝑧1 +𝑧2
is real and z2Rz3

Here, let z1 = x1 + iy1, z2 = x2 + iy2 and z3 = x3 + iy3

𝑧1 − 𝑧2 (𝑥1 −𝑥2 ) + 𝑖 (𝑦1 −𝑦2 )
... 𝑧1 + 𝑧2
𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙 => (𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ) + 𝑖(𝑦2 + 𝑦2 )
𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙
{(𝑥1 −𝑥2 ) + 𝑖 (𝑦1 −𝑦2 )} {(𝑥1 +𝑥2 )−𝑖(𝑦1 +𝑦2 )}
 (𝑥1 +𝑥2 )2 + (𝑦1 +𝑦2 )2

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 (𝑦1 − 𝑦2 )(𝑥1 + 𝑥2 ) − (𝑥1 − 𝑥2 )(𝑦1 + 𝑦2 ) = 0
 2𝑥2 𝑦1 − 2𝑦2 𝑥1 = 0
𝑥1 𝑥
 𝑦1
= 𝑦2 …(i)
2
𝑥2 𝑥
Similarly, 𝑧2 𝑅𝑧3 -> 𝑦2
= 𝑦3 … (𝑖𝑖)
3
𝑥1 𝑥
 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐸𝑞𝑠. (𝑖) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 (𝑖𝑖), 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑦1
= 𝑦3 => 𝑧1 𝑅 𝑧3
3

Thus, 𝑧1 𝑅𝑧2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧2 𝑅𝑧3 => 𝑧1 𝑅𝑧3 [𝑡𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒]

Hence, R is an equivalence relation.

45. Find the real values of x and y for which the following equation is satisfied
(1+𝑖)𝑥−2𝑖 (2−3𝑖)𝑦+𝑖
+ =i. (1980,2M)
3+𝑖 3−𝑖
(1 + 𝑖) 𝑥−2𝑖 (2−3𝑖) 𝑦 + 𝑖
Solution : 3+𝑖
+ 3−𝑖
=𝑖

=> (1 + i) (3 - i)x - 2i(3 - i) + (3 + i) (2 - 3i)y + i(3 + i) = 10i

=> 4x + 2ix - 6i -2 + 9y - 7iy + 3i - 1 = 10i
=> 4x + 9y – 3 = 0 and 2x - 7y – 3 = 10
=> x = 3 and y = -1

1
46. Express in the form A+iB. (1979,3M)
(1−𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃)+2𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃
1 1
Solution : Now, (1− 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃)+2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 = 𝜃 𝜃 𝜃
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 + 4𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑜𝑠
2 2 2

𝜃 𝜃
1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 −2𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠
2 2
= 𝜃 𝜃 𝜃 × 𝜃 𝜃
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 +2𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 ) (𝑠𝑖𝑛 −2𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 )
2 2 2 2 2

𝜃 𝜃 𝜃 𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 2𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 2𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠
2 2 2 2
= 𝜃 𝜃 𝜃 = 𝜃 𝜃
2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (𝑠𝑖𝑛2 + 4 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (1 + 3 𝑐𝑜𝑠2
2 2 2 2 2

𝜃
1 𝑐𝑜𝑡
2
A + iB = 𝜃 −𝑖 𝜃
2 (1+3 𝑐𝑜𝑠2 ) 1+3 𝑐𝑜𝑠2
2 2

𝑎+𝑖𝑏 𝑎2 +𝑏2
47. If x + iy = √𝑐+𝑖𝑑 prove that (x2 + y2)2 = 2 (1978,2M)
𝑐2 +𝑑
𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏
Solution : Since,(𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦)2 = 𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑
|𝑎 + 𝑖𝑏| 𝑧 |𝑧 |
|𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦|2 = ... [| 1 | = 1 ]
|𝑐 + 𝑖𝑑| 𝑧2 |𝑧2 |

√𝑎 2 +𝑏2
 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) =
√𝑐 2 +𝑑 2
𝑎 2 +𝑏2
 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 )2 = 2 2 Hence proved.
𝑐 +𝑑

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Integer Answer Type Question
48. If z is any complex number satisfying | z – 3 - 2i | < 2, then the maximum value of
|2z – 6 + 5i | is…. (2011)
Solution : Given, |z – 3 – 2i| ≤ 2
To find the minimum of |2z – 6 + 5i|
5
Or 2|z - 3 + 2 𝑖|, 𝑢𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑦

i.e..,, ||𝑧1 | − |𝑧2 || ≤ |𝑧1 + 𝑧2 |

5 5
∴ |𝑧 − 3 + 𝑖| = |𝑧 − 3 − 2𝑖 + 2𝑖 + |
2 2
9 9 9 5
= |(𝑧 − 3 − 2𝑖) + 2 𝑖| ≥ ||𝑧 − 3 − 2𝑖| − 2 | ≥ |2 − 2 | ≥ 2|
5 5
=> |𝑧 − 3 + 2 𝑖| ≥ 2 𝑜𝑟 |2𝑧 − 6 + 5𝑖| ≥ 5

Topic 3 Argument of a complex Number.

Objective Questions I (Only one correct option)
(1) Let z1 and z2 be any two non-zero complex numbers such that 3|z1|= 4|z2|.
3𝑍 2𝑍
If z = 2𝑍1 + 3𝑍2 , then (2019 MAIN,10 JAN I)
2 1

1 17 (b) Im(z)=0 (c) Re(z)=0 5

(a)|z|=2 √ 2 (d) |z|= √2
|𝑧1 | 4
Solution : (*) Given, 3|𝑧1 | = 4|𝑧2 | ➔ |𝑧2 |
=3 bcz [𝑧2 ≠ 0 ➔ |𝑧2 | ≠ 0]
𝑧 𝑧 𝑧2 −𝑖𝜃
Therefore 𝑧1 = |𝑧1 | 𝑒 𝑖𝜃 and 𝑧1
𝑒 𝑏𝑐𝑧 [𝑧 = |𝑧|(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃) = |𝑧|𝑒 𝑖𝜃 ]
2 2

𝑧1 4 𝑧2 3
➔ 𝑧2
= 3 𝑒 𝑖𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧1
= 4 𝑒 −𝑖𝜃
3 𝑧1 2 𝑧2 1
➔ 2 𝑧2
= 2𝑒 𝑖𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑 3 𝑧1
= 2 𝑒 −𝑖𝜃
3 𝑧1 2 𝑧2 1
On adding these two, we get 𝑧= + = 2𝑒 𝑖𝜃 + 𝑒 −𝑖𝜃
2 𝑧2 3 𝑧1 2
1 1 𝑖𝜃
=2𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 2𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 + 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 − 2 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 bcz [𝑒 ± = (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 ± 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃)]
5 3
= 2
𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 2 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃

5 2 3 2 34 17
➔ |𝑧| = √( ) + ( ) = √ =√
2 2 4 2

Note that z is neither purely imaginary and nor purely real.

* none of the options is correct.

1+𝑧
(2) If z is a complex number of unit modulus and argument θ, then arg (1+𝑧) is equal to

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𝜋
(a) –θ (b) 2 – θ (c) θ (d) π-θ (2013MAIN)

Solution (C) : Given, |z| = 1, 𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝑧 = 𝜃 ...z = 𝑒 𝑖𝜃

1
... 𝑧 = 𝑒 −𝑖𝜃 ➔ 𝑧 = 𝑧

1+𝑧 1+𝑧
... 𝑎𝑟𝑔 (1 + 𝑧) = 𝑎𝑟𝑔 ( 1 ) = 𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧) = 𝜃
1+
𝑧

(3) If arg (z) < 0, then arg (-z) -arg (z) equals (2000,2M)

(a) π (b) -π (c) - π/2 (d) π/2

Solution : Since, 𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧) < 0➔𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧) = −𝜃

 𝑧 = 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠(−𝜃) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 (− 𝜃) = 𝑟 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃)

And – 𝑧 = −𝑟 [𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 − 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃]
= 𝑟[𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜋 − 𝜃) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝜋 − 𝜃)]
Therefore 𝑎𝑟𝑔(−𝑧) = 𝜋 − 𝜃
Thus arg (-z) – arg (z)
= 𝜋 − 𝜃— (𝜃) = 𝜋
Alternate Solution
−𝑧 𝑧
Reason - arg(-z) - arg z = arg( 𝑧 ) = 𝑎𝑟𝑔(−1) = 𝜋 and also arg z – arg (-z) = arg(−𝑧) = 𝑎𝑟𝑔(−1) = 𝜋

(4) Let z and ω be two complex numbers such that |z| < 1,|ω|<1 and |z + iω| = | z - i 𝜔| = 2,
then z equals (1995,2M)

(a) 1 or i (b) i or -i (c) 1 or -1 (d) i or -1

Solution : Given, |𝑧 + 𝑖𝜔| = |𝑧 − 𝑖𝜔| = 2
➔ |𝑧— (𝑖𝜔)| = |𝑧 − (𝑖𝜔)| = 2
➔ |𝑧— (𝑖𝜔) = |𝑧 − (𝑖𝜔)|
z lies on the perpendicular bisector of the line joining –i𝜔 and –i𝜔. Since, –i𝜔 is the mirror image
of –i𝜔 in the X- axis, the locus of z is the X-axis.
Let z = x + iy and y = 0.
Now, |𝑧| ≤ 1 ➔ 𝑥 2 + 02 ≤ 1➔ -1≤ 𝑥 ≤ 1.
Therefore z may take values given in option (c).

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Alternate Solution
|𝑧 + 𝑖𝜔| ≤ |𝑧| + |𝑖𝜔| = |𝑧| + |𝜔|
≤1+1=2
Therefore |𝑧 + 𝑖𝜔| ≤ 2
➔|𝑧 + 𝑖𝜔| = 2 ℎ𝑜𝑙𝑑𝑠 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 arg z – arg 𝑖 𝜔 = 0
𝑧
➔ 𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝑖𝜔 = 0
𝑧
➔ 𝑖𝜔 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑙.
𝑧
➔ 𝜔 𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦.
𝑧
Similarly, when |𝑧 − 𝑖𝜔| = 2, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜔
𝑖𝑠 𝑝𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑙𝑦 𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑟𝑦

Now, given relation |𝑧 + 𝑖𝜔| = |𝑧 − 𝑖𝜔| = 2

Put 𝜔 = −𝑖, 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡 |𝑧 + 𝑖 2 | = |𝑧 + 𝑖 2 | = 2
 |𝑧 − 1| = 2
 Z=-1 [...|z|≤ 1]
Put 𝜔 = −𝑖, we get |𝑧 − 𝑖 2 | = |𝑧 − 𝑖 2 | = 2
 |𝑧 + 1| = 2 ➔ z = 1 [...|z|≤ 1]
Therefore z = 1 or -1 is the correct option.

(5) Let z and ω be two non-zero complex numbers such that |z| = |ω| and arg (z) + arg (ω) =
π, then z equals (1995,2M)

(a) ω (b) - ω (c) 𝜔 (d) - 𝜔

Solution : Since |z|=|ω| and arg (z) = π - arg(ω)
Let 𝜔 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜃 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛 𝜔 = 𝑟𝑒 −𝑖𝜃
𝑧 = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖 (π - ɵ) = 𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝜋 . 𝑒 −𝑖𝜃 = −𝑟𝑒 −𝑖𝜃 = −𝜔

(6) If z1 and z2 are two non-zero complex numbers such that |z1 + z2| = |z1| + |z2|, then
arg(z1) - arg(z2)is equal to (1987,2M)
𝜋 𝜋
(a) -π (b) - 2 (c) 0 (d) 2

Solution : Given, |𝑧1 + 𝑧2 | = |𝑧1 | + |𝑧2 |

On squaring both sides, we get
|𝑧1 |2 + |𝑧2 |2 + 2|𝑧1 ||𝑧2 | cos(arg z1 - arg z2) = |𝑧1 |2 + |𝑧2 |2 + 2|𝑧1 ||𝑧2 |
 2|𝑧1 ||𝑧2 | 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝑧1 − 𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝑧2 = 2|𝑧1 ||𝑧2 |
 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝑧1 − 𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝑧2 ) = 1
 𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 ) − 𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧2 ) = 0

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(7) If a, b, c and u, v, w are the complex numbers representing the vertices of two triangles
such that C = (1 - r) a + rb and w = (1 - r) u + rv, where r is a complex number, then the
two triangles. (1985,2M)
(a) have the same area (b) are similar
(c) are congruent (d) None of these
Solution : Since a, b, c and u, v, w are the vertices of two triangles.
Also c = (1 - r)a + rb
And w = (1 - r)u = rv …(i)
𝑎 𝑢 1
Consider | 𝑏 𝑣 1|
𝑐 𝑤 1
Applying 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − {(1 − 𝑟)𝑅1 + 𝑟𝑅2 }
𝑎 𝑢 1
= | 𝑏 𝑣 1 |
𝑐 − (1 − 𝑟)𝑎 − 𝑟𝑏 𝑤 − (1 − 𝑟)𝑢 − 𝑟𝑣 1 − (1 − 𝑟) − 𝑟
𝑎 𝑢 1
= |𝑏 𝑣 1| = 0 [from Eq.(i)]
0 0 0

Objective Questions II (One or more than one correct option)

(8) For a non-zero complex number z, let arg(z) denote the principal argument with
– π < arg (z) < π. Then, which of the following statement(s) is (are) FALSE? (2019 ADV.)
𝜋
(a) arg (–1 – I ) = 4 , where I = √− 1

(b) The function f : R→(-π, π) defined by f (t) = arg ( -1 + it ) for all t  R, is continuous
at all points of R, where i= √− 1
𝑍1
(c) For any two non-zero complex numbers z1 and z2, arg - arg (z1) + arg( z2) is an
𝑍2

integer multiple of 2π.

(d) For any three given distinct complex number z1,z2 and z3, the locus of the point z
(𝑧−𝑧 )(𝑧 −𝑧 )
satisfying the condition arg ((𝑧−𝑧1)(𝑧2−𝑧3)) = π, lies on a straight line.
3 2 1

Solution(c, d) : (a) Let z = - 1 - i and arg(z) = ɵ

𝐼𝑚(𝑧) −1
Now, 𝑡𝑎𝑛 𝜃 | 𝑅𝑒(𝑧) | = |−1| = 1
𝜋
 𝜃= 4

Since, x < 0, y < 0

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS
𝜋 3𝜋
... 𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧) = − (𝜋 − 4 ) = − 4

(b) We have, f(t) = arg( - 1 + it)

𝜋 − 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑡, 𝑡 ≥ 0
arg (-1 + it) = {
−(𝜋 + 𝑡𝑎𝑛−1 𝑡), 𝑡 < 0
This function is discontinuous at t=0
𝑧
(c)We have, arg(𝑧1 ) − 𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 ) + 𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧2 )
2

𝑧
Now, 𝑎𝑟𝑔 (𝑧1 ) = 𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 ) − 𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧2 ) + 2𝑛𝜋
2

𝑧
... 𝑎𝑟𝑔 (𝑧1 ) − 𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 ) + 𝑎𝑟𝑔 (𝑧2 )
2

=𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 ) − 𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧2 ) + 2𝑛𝜋 − 𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧1 ) + 𝑎𝑟𝑔 (𝑧2 ) = 2𝑛𝜋

So, given expression is multiple of 2π.
(𝑧−𝑧 )(𝑧 −𝑧 )
(d) We have, arg((𝑧−𝑧1 )(𝑧2 −𝑧3 )) = 𝜋
3 2 1

𝑧−𝑧 𝑧 −𝑧
➔(𝑧−𝑧1 ) (𝑧2 −𝑧3 )is purely real
3 2 1

Thus,the points A(z1),B(z2),C(z3) and D(z) taken in order would be concyclic if purely real.
Hence,it is a circle.

Therefore (a), (b), (d) are false statement.

(9) Let z1 and z2 be two distinct complex numbers and let z = (1 - t) z1 + t z2 for some
real number t with 0 < t <1. If arg (ω) denotes the principal argument of a non-
zero complex number number ω, then (2010)
(a) |z - z1| + |z - z2| = |z1 - z2| (b) arg (z - z1) = arg(z - z2)
𝑧 − 𝑧1 𝑧 − 𝑧1 (d) arg (z - z1) = arg(z2 - z1)
(c) | |=0
𝑧2 − 𝑧1 𝑧2 − 𝑧1
(1−𝑡)𝑧1 +𝑡𝑧2
Solution : Given, 𝑧 = (1−𝑡)+𝑡

Clearly, z divides 𝑧1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑧2 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜 𝑜𝑓 𝑡: (1 − 𝑡), 0 < 𝑡 < 1

 AP+BP=AB i.e. |𝑧 − 𝑧1 | + |𝑧 − 𝑧2 | = |𝑧1 − 𝑧2 |
 Option (a) is true.
And a𝑟𝑔(𝑧 − 𝑧1 ) = 𝑎𝑟𝑔 (𝑧2 − 𝑧)

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= 𝑎𝑟𝑔 (𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )
 Option (b) is false and option (d) is true.
Also, 𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧 − 𝑧1 ) = 𝑎𝑟𝑔 (𝑧2 − 𝑧1 )
𝑧−𝑧1
 𝑎𝑟𝑔 ( ) =0
𝑧2 −𝑧1
𝑧−𝑧1
... 𝑧 is purely real.
2 −𝑧1

𝑧−𝑧1 𝑧−𝑧1
 𝑧2 −𝑧1
=𝑧
2 −𝑧1

𝑧 − 𝑧1 𝑧 − 𝑧1
Or | |=0
𝑧2 − 𝑧1 𝑧2 − 𝑧1
Option (c) is correct.

Match the columns

10. Match the conditions/expressions in Column I with statement in Column II ( z ≠ 0 is a
complex number )
Column I Column II
A. Re(z)=0 p. Re(z2)=0
𝜋
B. Arg(z)= 4 q. Im(z2)=0

r. Re(z2)=Im(z2)
Solution : Let z=a+ib.
Given, Re(z)=0➔ a=0
Then,z=ib➔ z2=-b2 or Im(z2)=0
Therefore, A→q
𝜋
Also,given, arg(z)= .
4
𝜋 𝜋
Let 𝑧 = 𝑟 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 4 )
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
Then, 𝑧 2 = 𝑟 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 4 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 4 ) + 2𝑖𝑟 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛 4
𝜋
= 𝑖𝑟 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 = 𝑖𝑟 2

Therefore, Re(𝑧)2 = 0➔B→p.

a=b=2-√3. [...a,b,(0,1)]

Analytical & Descriptive Questions

11. |z| < 1, |ω| < 1, then show that | z - ω|2 < (|z|-|ω|)2 + (arg z-arg ω)2 (1995,2M)
Solution : Let z=r1(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃1 ) 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜔 = 𝑟2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃2 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2 )
We have, |𝑧| = 𝑟1 , |𝜔| = 𝑟2 , 𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝑧) = 𝜃1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑔(𝜔) = 𝜃2
Given,|𝑧| ≤ 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟2 ≤ 1

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Now, 𝑧 − 𝜔 = (𝑟1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1 − 𝑟2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃2 ) + 𝑖(𝑟1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃1 − 𝑟2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2 )
 |𝑧 − 𝜔|2 = (𝑟1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃1 − 𝑟2 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2 )2+(𝑟1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 − 𝑟2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃2 )2
=𝑟12 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃1 + 𝑟22 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃2 − 2𝑟1 𝑟2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃2 + 𝑟12 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃1 + 𝑟22 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃2 − 2𝑟1 𝑟2 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃1 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃2
=𝑟12 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃1 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃1 ) + 𝑟22 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 𝜃2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃2 ) − 2𝑟1 𝑟2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃1 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃2 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃1 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃2 )
=𝑟12 + 𝑟22 − 2𝑟1 𝑟2 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃1 − 𝜃2 )
=(𝑟1 − 𝑟2 )2 + 2𝑟1 𝑟2 [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃1 − 𝜃2 )
=(𝑟1 − 𝑟2 )2 + 2𝑟1 𝑟2 [1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝜃1 − 𝜃2 )]
𝜃1 −𝜃2
=(𝑟1 − 𝑟2 )2 + 4𝑟1 𝑟2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( )
2

𝜃1 −𝜃2 2
≤ |𝑟1 − 𝑟2 |2 + 4 |𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 2
)| [...𝑟1 , 𝑟2 ≤ 1]

And |𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃| ≤ |𝜃|, ∀ 𝜃 ∈ 𝑅

𝜃1 −𝜃2 2
Therefore, |𝑧 − 𝜔|2 ≤ |𝑟1 − 𝑟2 |2 + 4 | 2
| ≤ |𝑟1 − 𝑟2 |2 + |𝜃1 − 𝜃2 |2

 |𝑧 − 𝜔|2 ≤ (|𝑧| − |𝜔|)2 + (𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝑧 − 𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝜔)2

Alternate Solution |𝑧 − 𝜔|2 = |𝑧|2 + |𝜔|2 − 2|𝑧||𝜔| 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝑧 − 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝜔)

= |𝑧|2 + |𝜔|2 − 2|𝑧||𝜔| + 2|𝑧||𝜔| − 2|𝑧||𝜔| 𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝑧 − 𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝜔)
𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝑧−𝑎𝑟𝑔𝜔
= (|𝑧| − |𝜔|)2 + 2|𝑧||𝜔|. 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 ( 2
) …..(i)

𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝑧−𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝜔 2
∴ |𝑧 − 𝜔|2 ≤ (|𝑧| − |𝜔|)2 + 4.1.1 ( ) [ 𝑏𝑐𝑧 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃 ≤ 𝜃]
2

|𝑧 − 𝜔|2 ≤ (|𝑧| − |𝜔|)2 + (𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝑧 − 𝑎𝑟𝑔 𝜔)2

12. Let z1 = 10 + 6i and z2 = 4 + 6i. If z is any complex number such that the argument of (z
- z1)/(z-z2) is π/4, then prove that |z – 7 - 9i|=3√2. (1991,4M)
𝑧−𝑧 𝜋
Solution : since, 𝑧1 = 10 + 6𝑖, 𝑧2 = 4 + 6𝑖 and arg (𝑧−𝑧1 ) = 4
2

It 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑢𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑧 𝑖𝑠 𝑎𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑜𝑤𝑛 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑓𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 𝑖𝑠 (7, 𝑦) & 𝐴𝑂𝐵 =
90°,
𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑟𝑙𝑦 𝑂𝐶 = 9➔ OD=6+3=9
6
∴ 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 = (7,9)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 = =3√2
√2

Equation of circle is |z-(7+9i)|= 3√2

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Topic 4 Rotation of a Complex Number
Objective Questions I(only one correct option)

5 5
√3 𝑖 √3 𝑖
1. Let z = [ 2 + 2] + [ 2 − 2] . If R (z) and I (z) Respectively denote the real and imaginary

parts of z, then (2019MAIN,10 JAN II)

(a) R (z) > 0 and I (z) > 0 (b) I (z) = 0

(c) R (z) < 0 and I (z) < 0 (d) R (z) = -3

5 5
3 𝑖 3 𝑖
Solution : Given,z=(√2 + 2) + ((√2 − 2) )
𝜋
√3 𝑖 𝜋 𝜋
. .
. Euler’s form of + =(𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 𝑒 𝑖( 6 ) )
2 2 6 6
𝜋
√3 𝑖 −𝜋 −𝜋
And 2
− 2=cos( 6 ) + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ( 6 ) =𝑒 −𝑖( 6 )
5𝜋 5𝜋
So, 𝑧 = (eiπ/6)5+(e -iπ/6)=𝑒 𝑖 6 + 𝑒 −𝑖 6
5𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋
= (𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 )+ (𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ) [...eiɵ=cosɵ+ i sinɵ)
6 6 6 6
5𝜋
= 2 𝑐𝑜𝑠
6
𝜋 5𝜋 𝜋 5𝜋
∴ 𝐼(𝑧) = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑅(𝑧) = −2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 6 = −√3 < 0 [∴ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 6
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 (𝜋 − 6 ) = −𝑐𝑜𝑠 6
]

2. A particle P starts from the point z0 = 1 + 2i, where i=√−1. It moves first horizontally away
from origin by 5 units and then vertically away from origin by 3 units to reach a point z 1. From
z1 the particle moves √2 units in the direction of the vector 𝑖̂ + 𝑗̂ and then it moves through an
𝜋
angle 2 in anti-clockwise direction on a circle with centre at origin, to reach a point z 2. The

point z2 is given by (2008,3M)

(a) 6+7i (b) -7+6i (c) 7+6i (d) -6+7i
Solution : 𝑧2′ = (6 + √2 𝑐𝑜𝑠 45°, 5 + √2 sin 45°) = (7,6) = 7 + 6𝑖

𝜋
𝑧2
By rotation about (0,0) 𝑧2′
= 𝑒 𝑖𝜋/2➔𝑧2 = 𝑧2′ (𝑒 𝑖 2 )
𝜋 𝜋
= (7 + 6𝑖) (𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 ) = (7 + 6𝑖)(𝑖) = −6 + 7𝑖
2 2

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3. A man walks a distance of 3 units from the origin towards the North-East(N 45o E)
direction. From there, he walks a distance of 4 units towards the North-West(N 45O W)
direction to reach a point P.Then, the position of P in the Argand plane is (2007,3M)

(a) 3eiπ/4 + 4i (b) (3 - 4i)eiπ/4 (c) (4 + 3i)e iπ/4 (d)(3 + 4i)e iπ/4
Solution : 𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑂𝐴 = 3,
𝑖𝜋
𝑠𝑜 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝐴 𝑖𝑠 3𝑒 4 . 𝑖𝑓 𝑧 𝑖𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥 𝑛𝑢𝑚𝑏𝑒𝑟 𝑎𝑠𝑠𝑜𝑐𝑖𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑑 𝑤𝑖𝑡ℎ 𝑝
𝑧 − 3𝑒 𝑖𝜋/4 4 −𝑖𝜋/2 4𝑖
𝑖𝜋/4
= 𝑒 =−
0 − 3𝑒 3 3

 3z-9𝑒 𝑖𝜋/4 = 12𝑒 𝑖𝜋/4

𝑖𝜋
 Z=(3+4i) 𝑒 4

4. The shaded region, where P = ( -1, 0), Q = (-1 + √2, √2), R = (-1 + √2, - √2), S = (1, 0),is
represented by (2005,1M)

𝜋
(a) |z + 1| > 2, |arg (z + 1)| < 4
𝜋
(b) |z + 1| > 2, |arg (z + 1)| < 2
𝜋
(C) |z + 1| > 2,|arg (z + 1)| < 4
𝜋
(d) |z + 1| > 2,|arg (z + 1)| < 2

Solution : since, |PQ|=|PS|=|PR|= 2.

∴ 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑑𝑒𝑑 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑒𝑥𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑙𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑐𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑟𝑒 (−1,0)𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑖𝑢𝑠 2.
As we know equation of circle having centre z0 and radius r, is |z-z0|=r ∴ |𝑧 − (−1 + 0𝑖)| > 2
 |z+1| > 2
Also, argument of z+1 with respect to positive direction of X-Axis is π/4
𝜋
∴ 𝑎𝑟𝑔 (𝑧 + 1) ≤ …(i)
4

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𝜋
𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑢𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑧 + 1 𝑖𝑛 𝑎𝑛𝑡𝑖𝑐𝑙𝑜𝑐𝑘𝑤𝑖𝑠𝑒 𝑑𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑖𝑠 − .
4
∴ − π/4 ≤ 𝑎𝑟𝑔 (𝑧 + 1) …..(ii)
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐸𝑞𝑠. (i) and (ii), |𝑎𝑟𝑔 (𝑧 + 1)| ≤ π/4

𝜋
5. If 0 < α < 2 is a fixed angle. If P = (cosθ, sinθ) and Q = {cos(α – θ),sin(α-θ)}, then Q is obtained

from P by (2002,2M)
(a) clockwise rotation around origin through an angle α
(b) anti-clockwise rotation around origin through an angle α
(c) reflection in the line through origin with slope tan α
𝛼
(d) reflection in the line through origin with slope tan 2

Solution : In the argand plane, P is represented by eiɵ and Q is represented by ei(α-ɵ)

Now, rotation about a line with angle α is given by eɵ e(α-ɵ). Therefore, Q is obtained from P by
reflection in the line making an angle α/2

(𝑧 −𝑧 ) 1−𝑖√3
6. The complex numbers z1, z2 and z3 satisfying (𝑧1−𝑧3)= are the vertices of a triangle which is
2 3 2

(2001,1M)
(a) of area zero (b) right angled isosceles
(c) equilateral (d) obtuse angled isosceles
𝑧1 −𝑧3 1−𝑖√3 (1−𝑖√3)(1−𝑖√3)
Solution : = =
𝑧2 −𝑧3 2 2(1+𝑖√3)

1−𝑖 2 3
=
2(1+𝑖√3)

4
= 2(1+𝑖√3)
2
= (1+𝑖√3)

𝑧2 −𝑧3 1+𝑖√3) 𝜋 𝜋
 = = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3
𝑧1 −𝑧3 2
𝑧 −𝑧 𝑧 −𝑧 𝜋
 |𝑧2−𝑧3| = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑟𝑔 (𝑧2 −𝑧3) =
1 3 1 3 3

Hence, the triangle is an equilateral.

𝑧1 −𝑧3 1−𝑖√3
Altenate Solution∴ =
𝑧2 −𝑧3 2

𝑧2 −𝑧3 2 1+𝑖√3 𝜋 𝜋
 = 1−𝑖√3 = = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3
𝑧1 −𝑧3 2
𝑧2 −𝑧3 𝜋 𝑧 −𝑧
 arg( )= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 |𝑧2 −𝑧3| = 1
𝑧1 −𝑧3 3 1 3

therefore, triangle is equilateral.

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Objective Questions II (One or more than one correct option)
1
7. Let a, bR and a2 + b2 ≠ 0. Suppose S ={𝑧  𝐶: 𝑧 = , 𝑡  𝑅, 𝑡 ≠ 0} }, where i = √−1. If z =
𝑎+𝑖𝑏𝑡

x + iy and zS, then (x, y) lies on (2016 ADV.)

1 1
(a) the circle with radius 2𝑎 and centre (2𝑎 , 0) for a > 0, b ≠ 0
1 1
(b) the circle with radius − 2𝑎 and centre (− 2𝑎, 0) for a > 0, b ≠ 0

(c) the X-axis for a ≠ 0, b = 0

(d) the Y-axis for a = 0, b ≠ 0
1 𝑎−𝑖𝑏𝑡
Solution : Here, x+iy=𝑎+𝑖𝑏𝑡x𝑎−𝑖𝑏𝑡
𝑎−𝑖𝑏𝑡
∴ 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 = 𝑎2 +𝑏2 𝑡 2

𝐿𝑒𝑡 𝑎 ≠ 0, 𝑏 ≠ 0
𝑎 −𝑏𝑡
∴𝑥= 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑦=
𝑎 2 +𝑏2 𝑡 2 𝑎 2 +𝑏2 𝑡 2
𝑦 −𝑏𝑡 𝑎𝑦
 𝑥
= 𝑎
→ 𝑡 = 𝑏𝑥
𝑎
On putting x=𝑎2 +𝑏2 𝑡 2 ′ 𝑤𝑒 𝑔𝑒𝑡
𝑎2 𝑦2
x(𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 . 𝑏2 𝑥 2 ) = 𝑎 → 𝑎2 (𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 ) = 𝑎𝑥
𝑥
or 𝑥 2 + 𝑦 2 − 𝑎 = 0 …(i)

1 2 1
or (𝑥 − 2𝑎) + 𝑦 2 = 4𝑎2

∴ 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑎)𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡.

For a≠ 0 and b=0,
1 1
𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 = 𝑎 → 𝑥 = 𝑎 , 𝑦 = 0

 Z lies on X-Axis
∴ 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑐)𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡.
1 1
𝐹𝑜𝑟 𝑎 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 ≠ 0, 𝑥 + 𝑖𝑦 = → 𝑥 = 0, 𝑦 = −
𝑖𝑏𝑡 𝑏𝑡
 Z lies on Y-axis ∴ 𝑜𝑝𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝑑)𝑖𝑠 𝑐𝑜𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑐𝑡.

√3+𝑖 1
8. Let w= and P= {wn: n = 1, 2, 3,…}. Further H1= {𝑧𝐶: 𝑅𝑒(𝑧) > 2} and
2
−1
H2 = {𝑧𝐶: 𝑅𝑒(𝑧) < } where C is the set of all complex numbers. If z1  P ꓵ H1, z2  P ꓵ H2
2

and O represents the origin, then z1 O z2 is equal to (2013JEE ADV.)

𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2 6 3 6

Solution:Plan- It is the simple representation of points on argand plane and to find the angle between
𝜋 𝜋 𝑛 𝑛𝜋 𝑛𝜋
the points. Here, p = 𝑤 𝑛 = (𝑐𝑜𝑠 6 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 6 ) = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 6
+ 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 6

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS
1
𝐻1 = (𝑧 ∈ 𝐶: 𝑅𝑒 (𝑧) > 2)
𝑛𝜋
∴ P ∩ 𝐻1 𝑟𝑒𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑒 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝑖𝑠 + 𝑣𝑒 .
6

Hence, it belongs to i or iv quadrant.

𝜋 𝜋 11𝜋 11𝜋
➔𝑧1 =P∩ 𝐻1 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 6 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 6 𝑜𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 6
+ 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 6

√3 𝑖 √3 𝑖
𝑧1 = 2
+ 2 𝑜𝑟 2 − 2 ………(i)
𝑛𝜋
Similarly, 𝑧2 = 𝑃 ∩ 𝐻2 𝑖. 𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑜𝑠𝑒 𝑝𝑜𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ cos <0
6
5𝜋 5𝜋 𝑐𝑜𝑠 7𝜋 7𝜋
∴ 𝑧2 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜋 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜋, 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 , + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛
6 6 6 6
−√3 𝑖 −√3 𝑖 2𝜋 5𝜋
 𝑧2 = −1, + , − 𝑡ℎ𝑢𝑠 𝑧1 𝑂𝑧2 = , ,𝜋
2 2 2 2 3 6

Fill in the blanks

9. Suppose z1, z2, z3 are the vertices of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle |z|
= 2. If z1 = 1 + i√3, then z2 =…., z3 =…… (1994,2M)
Solution : 𝑧1 = 1 + 𝑖√3 = 𝑟(𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃) [let]

 𝑟 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 = 1, 𝑟 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = √3
𝜋
 𝑟 = 2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜃 = 3
𝜋 𝜋
𝑠𝑜, 𝑧1 = 2 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 3 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 3 〗

𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒, |𝑧2 | = |𝑧3 | = 2 [given]

Now, the triangle

z1 , z2 and z3 being an eqilateral and the sides z1 z2 and z1 z2 make an angle 2π/3 at the centre.
π 2π
Therefore,POz2 = 3 + 3
=π
π 2π 2π 5π
And POz3 = + + =
3 3 3 3

Therefore, z2 = 2(cos π + i sin π) = 2(−1 + 0) = −2

5π 5π 1 i √3
And z3 = 2 (cos 3
+ i sin 3
) = 2 (2 − 2
) = 1 − i√3

Alternate Solution - Whenever, vertices of an equilateral triangle having centroid is given its

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS
vertices are of the from z,zω, zω2 .
∴ if one of the vertices is z1 = 1 + i√3, then other two vertices are (z1 ω), (z1 ω2 )
(−1+i√3) (−1−i√3)
 (1+i√3) 2
, (1 + i√3) 2
2
−(1+3) (1+i2 (√3) +2i√3)
 2
, − 2
(−2+2i√3)
 −2, − 2
= 1 − i√3

∴ z2 = −2 and z3 = 1 − i√3

10. ABCD is a rhombus.Its diagonals AC,BD intersect at the point M and satisfy BD = 2AC. If
the points D and M represent the complex numbers 1 + i and 2 - i respectively, then A
represents the complex number…or… (1993,2M)
Solution : Given, D=(1 + i), M = (2 − i)and diagonals of a rhombus bisect each other.
a+1 b+1
Let B = (a + ib), therefore 2
= 2, 2
= −1

 A + 1 = 4, b + 1 = -2➔ a = 3, b = -3
 B = (3 - 3i)

Again DM = √(2 − 1)2 + (−1 − 1)2 = √1 + 4 = √5

But BD = 2DM➔BD = 2√5
2AC = BD ➔ 2AC = 2√5
And AC = √5 and AC = 2AM
√5
 √5 = 2AM => AM =
2

Now, Let coordinate of A be (x + iy).

But in a rhombusAD=AB, therefore we have AD2=AB2
 ((x − 1)2 + (y − 1)2 = (x − 3)2 + (y + 3)2
 x 2 + 1 − 2x + y 2 + 1 − 2y = x 2 + 9 − 6x + y 2 + 9 + 6y
 4x-8y=16
 x-2y=4
 x=2y+4 ………(i)
√5 5
Again, AM= => AM 2 =
2 4
5
 (x − 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 4

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS
5
 (2y + 2)2 + (y + 1)2 = 4 [from Eq.(i)]
5
 5y 2 + 10y + 5 = 4

 20y 2 + 40y + 15 = 9
 4y 2 + 8y + 3 = 0
 (2y+1)(2y+3)=0
 2y+1=0,2y+3=0
1 3
 y = −2,y = −2
1 3
on putting these values in Eq.(i), we get x = 2 (− 2) + 4, x = 2(− 2)+4

=> x = 3, x = 1
i 3i
therefore, A is either (3 − ) or (1 − )
2 2
Alternate Solution - Since, M is the centre of rhombus.
By rotating D about M through an angle of ±π/2, we get possible position of A.

z3 −(2−i) 1 z3 −(2−i) 1
 −1+2i
= 2 (±i)➔ −1+2i
= 2 (±i)
1
 z3 = (2 − i) ± i(2i − 1) = (2 − i) ± (−2 − i)
2
(4−2i−2−i) 4−2i+2+i 3 i 3 i
 = , = 1 − i, 3 − There fore A is either (1 − i) or (3 − )
2 2 2 2 2 2

11. If a and b are real numbers between o and 1 such that the points z 1 = a + i, z2 = 1 + bi
and z3=0 form an equilateral triangle, then a=….and b=… (1990 2M)
Solution : since, z1 , z2 , and z3 from an equilateral triangle
 z12 + z22 + z32 = z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1
 (a + i)2 + (1 + ib)2 + (0)2 = (a + i)(1 + ib) + 0 + 0
 a2 − 1 + 2ia + 1 − b2 + 2ib = a + i(ab + 1) − b
 (a2 − b2 ) + 2i(a + b) = (a − b) + i(ab + 1)
 a2 -b2 = a − b
and 2(a + b) = ab + 1
 (a = b or a + b = 1)
And 2(a+b)=ab+1
If a=b, 2(2a) = a2 + 1
 a2 − 4a + 1 = 0

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS
4±√16−4
 a= 2
= 2 ± √3

If a+b=1, 2=a(1-a)+1➔ a2 − a + 1 = 0
1±√1−4,
 A= 2
but a and b ∈ R ∴ only solution when a = b

 a = b = 2 ± √3
a=b=2-√3 [a, b ∈ (0,1)]

Analytical & Descriptive Questions

12. If one of the vertices of the square circumscribing the circle |z - 1| = √2 is 2+√3𝑖. find
the other vertices of square. (2005,4M)
Solution : Here, centre of circle is (1,0) is also the mid – point of diagonals of square

z1 +z2
 2
= z0

 z2 = −√3i [where, z0 = 1 + oi]

z3 −1
and z1 −1
= e±iπ/2

 π π
z3 = 1 + (√3i).(cos 2 ± i sin 2 ) bcz [z1 = 2 + √3i]

= 1 ± i(1 + √3i) = (1 ± √3) ± i = (1 − √3) + i and z4 = (1 + √3) − i

13. Let 𝑏z + b𝑧 = c, b ≠ 0, be a line in the complex plane, where 𝑏 is the complex

conjugate of b. if a point z1 is the reflection of the point z2 through the line, then show

that c = 𝑧1b + z2𝑏. (1997C,5M)

Solution :
Let Q be z2 and its reflection be the point p(z1 )in the given line. If 0(z)be any point on the
Given line then by definition OR is right bisector of QP.
... OP=OQ or |𝑧 − 𝑧1 | =|z –z2|
 |𝑧 − 𝑧1 |2 = |𝑧 − 𝑧2 |2
 (𝑧 − 𝑧1 )(𝑧̅ − ̅̅̅̅
𝑧1 ) =((𝑧 − 𝑧2 )(𝑧̅ – ̅̅̅̅
𝑧2 ))
 𝑧(𝑧̅ − 𝑧̅2 ) + 𝑧̅ (𝑧1 − 𝑧2 ) = 𝑧𝑧̅1 − 𝑧2 𝑧̅2

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS
Comparing with given line z𝑏̅ + 𝑧̅𝑏 = 𝑐
̅̅̅−𝑧
𝑧1 ̅̅̅
2 𝑧−𝑧2 ̅̅̅
𝑧𝑧 1 − 𝑧2 ̅̅̅
𝑧2
= = =𝜆 …….[say]
𝑏 𝑏 𝑐

̅̅̅−𝑧
𝑧1 ̅̅̅ 𝑧−𝑧2 ̅̅̅
𝑧𝑧 1 − 𝑧2 ̅̅̅
𝑧2
𝜆
2
= 𝑏̅ , 𝜆
=b, 𝜆
=c ………..(i)

𝑧−𝑧 ̅̅̅−𝑧
𝑧 ̅̅̅ ̅̅̅
𝑧𝑧 1 − 𝑧2 ̅̅̅
𝑧2
𝑧̅1 𝑏 + 𝑧2 𝑏̅ = 𝑧̅1 ( 𝜆 2 ) + 𝑧2 ( 1 𝜆 2 ) = 𝜆
=c [from eq. (i)]

14. Let z1 and z2 be the roots of the equation z2 + pz + q = 0, where the coefficients p and
q may be complex numbers. Let A and B represent z1 and z2 in the complex plane. If
∝
AOB = α ≠ 0 and OA = OB, where O is the origin prove that p 2 = 4q cos2( ). (1997,5M)
2

Solution : since z1 + z2 = −p and z1 z2 = q

z |z |
Now, z1 = |z1 | (cosα + i sin α)
2 2

z1 cosα + i sin α
 z2
= 1
[ ... |z1| =|z2| ]

Applying componend and dividend, we get

z1 +z2 cosα +i sinα +1
 =
z1 −z2 cosα +i sin α−1
α α α
2 cos2 ( )+2isin( )cos ( )
 2 2 2
−2 sin2 (α/2)+2i sin(α/2)cos (α/2)
2 cos(α/2)[cos(α/2)+isin(α/2)]
=
2i sin(α/2)[cos(α/2)+isin(α/2)]

cot(α/2) −p α
= =-i cot α/2 => = −icot 2 ( )
i z1 −z2 2
p2
On squaring both sides , we get = (z = - cot2(α/2)
1 −z2 )

p2 α
= (z 2 =− cot 2(2 )
1 +z2 ) −4z1 z2

p2 α
= p2 −4q = − cot 2 (2 )

 p2 (1 + cot 2 α/2) = 4q cot 2 (α/2)

α α
= p2 (1 + cot 2 (2 ) = 4q cot 2 (2 )
α α
 p2 cosec 2 (2 ) = 4q cot 2 (2 )
α
p2 = 4q cot 2 ( )
2

15. Complex numbers z1, z2, z3 are the vertices A,B,C respectively of an isosceles right
angled triangle with (z1 - z2)2 = 2(z1 - z3)(z3 - z2). (1986)

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS
Solution : Since, triangle is a right angled isosceles triangle.
π
∴ rotating z2 about z3 in anticlockwise direction through an angle of ,
2
𝑧2 −𝑧3 |𝑧 −𝑧 |
we get 𝑧1 −𝑧3
= |𝑧2 −𝑧3 |eiπ/2
1 3

Where, |𝑧2 − 𝑧3 | = |𝑧1 − 𝑧3 |

 (𝑧2 − 𝑧3 ) = 𝑖(𝑧1 − 𝑧3 )
On squaring both sides, we get (𝑧2 − 𝑧3 )2 = −(𝑧1 − 𝑧3 )2
 𝑧22 + 𝑧32 − 2𝑧2 𝑧3 = −𝑧12 − 𝑧32 + 2𝑧1 𝑧3
 𝑧12 + 𝑧22 − 2𝑧1 𝑧2 = 2𝑧1 𝑧3 + 2𝑧2 𝑧3 − 2𝑧32 − 2𝑧1 𝑧2
 (𝑧1 − 𝑧2 )2 = 2{(𝑧1 𝑧3 − 𝑧32 ) + (𝑧2 𝑧3 − 𝑧1 𝑧2 )}
(𝑧1 − 𝑧2 )2 = 2(𝑧1 − 𝑧3 )(𝑧3 − 𝑧2 )

16. Show that the area of the triangle on the argand diagram formed by the complex
1
number z, iz and z + iz is 2|z|2 (1986)

Solution : we have, iz=zeiπ/2. This implies that iz is the vector obtained by rotating vector z in
anticlockwise direction through 900.therefore, OA ꓕ AB so ,

1 1 1
Area of Δ OAB= 𝑂𝐴 × 𝑂𝐵 = |𝑧||𝑖𝑧| = |𝑧|2
2 2 2

17. Prove that the complex numbers z1,z2 and the origin form an equilateral triangle only if
𝑧12 + 𝑧22 - z1z2 = 0. (1983,2M)
Solution : since, 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛 𝑓𝑜𝑟𝑚 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒.
. [if 𝑧1 , 𝑧2 + 𝑧3 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑙𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑙 𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑙𝑒, 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑧12 + 𝑧22 + 𝑧32 = 𝑧1 𝑧2 + 𝑧2 𝑧3 + 𝑧3 𝑧1]
. .

 𝑧12 + 𝑧22 + 02 = 𝑧1 𝑧2 + 𝑧2 . 0 + 0. 𝑧1
 𝑧12 + 𝑧22 = 𝑧1 𝑧2 𝑆𝑜 𝑧12 + 𝑧22 − 𝑧1 𝑧2 = 0

18. Let the complex numbers z1, z2 and z3 be the vertices of an equilateral triangle. Let z0 be the
circumcentre of the tringle. Then, prove that 𝑧12 + 𝑧22 + 𝑧32 = 3𝑧02 . (1981,4M)

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Solution : since ,z1 , z2 , z3 are vertices ofan equilateral triangle.
z1 +z2 +z3
∴ circumcentre (z0 ) = centroid ( )….(i)
3

Also for equilateral triangle z12 + z22 + z32 = z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 … . (ii)

On squaring Eq. (i), we get 9z02 = z12 + z22 + z32 + 2 (z1 z2 + z2 z3 + z3 z1 )
 9z02 = z12 + z22 + z32 + 2(z12 + z22 + z32 ) [frome Eq. (ii)]
 3z02 = z12 + z22 + z32

Integer Answer Type Quesrtion

𝑘𝜋 𝑘𝜋
19. For any integer k, let αk =cos( 7 ) + i sin( 7 ), where i=√−1. The value of the expression
∑12
𝑘=1 | 𝛼𝑘+1 − 𝛼𝑘 |
3
∑𝑘=1 |𝛼4𝑘−1 − 𝛼4𝑘−2 |
is,

kπ kπ
Solution : given, αk = cos ( 7 ) + i sin ( 7 )
2kπ 2kπ
=cos ( 14 ) + i sin ( 14 )

∴ αk are vertices of regular polygon having 14 sides. Let the side length of regular polygon be α.
∴ |αk + − αk | = lenth of a side of the regular polygon = a ….(i)
1

And |α4k−1 − α4k-2|= lenth of a side of the regular polygon = a ….(ii)

∑12
k=1 |αk+1 −αk | 12(a)
∴ ∑3 = = 4
k=1 |α4k−1 −|α4k−2 3(a)

Topic 5 De-Moivre’s Theorem, Cube Roots and nth roots of Unity

Objective Questions 1 (only one correct option)
𝜋
1. If z and w are two complex numbers such that |zw|= 1 and arg(z) - arg(w) = 2 , then

(a) 𝑧w = -I 1−𝑖 (c) 𝑧𝑤 = 𝑖 −1+𝑖

(b) z𝑤 = (d) z𝑤 = (2019 MAIN,10 APRIL II)
√2 √2

Solution : It is given that, there two complex numbers z and ω, such that |zω| = 1 and
π
arg(z) − arg(ω) = 2

∴ |z||ω| = 1 [...|z1 z2 |= |z1 ||z2 |]

π
And arg (z)=2 + arg (ω)
1
Let |z|=r,then | ω |= r …..(i)
π
And let arg(ω) = θ, then arg(z) = + θ ……(ii)
2

So we can assume z = rei(π/2+θ) …..(iii)

[... If z=x+iy is a complex number, then it can be written as z = reiθ where, r=|z| and θ=arg(z)]
1
And ω = r eiθ …..(iv)

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1
now, z. ω = re-i(π/2+θ). r eiθ
π
−i( )
= ei(-π/2-θ+θ) =e 2 = −i [... e-iθ=cosθ − i sin θ]
1
And zω = rei(π/2+θ). r e−iθ
π
i( )
= ei(π/2+θ-θ)= e 2 =i

√3 𝑖
2. If z= 2 + 2 (i =√−1), then (1 + iz + z5 + iz8)9 is equal to (2019 MAIN,8 APRIL II)

(a) 1 (b) (-1 + 2i)9 (c) -1 (d) 0

Solution : Key Idea use, 𝑟𝑒iθ=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 𝜃
√3 1 𝜋 𝜋
Given, z= +( ) 𝑖 = 𝑐𝑜𝑠 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 = 𝑒 𝑖𝜋/6
2 2 6 6

So, (1 + iz + 𝑧 5 + 𝑖𝑧 8 )9
= (1 + 𝑖𝑒 𝑖𝜋 /6+ei5π/6+i ei8π/6)9
= (1 + 𝑖𝑒 𝑖𝜋 /2.+ieiπ/6+ei5π/6+𝑒 𝑖𝜋 /2. ei4π/3)9 [i=𝑖𝑒 𝑖𝜋 /2 ]
= (1 + ei2π/3+ ei5π/6+ ei11π/6)9
2𝜋 2𝜋 5𝜋 5𝜋 11𝜋 11𝜋 9
= [1 + (cos 3 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 3
) +(cos 6 + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 6
) + (𝑐𝑜𝑠 6
+ 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 6
)]
1 √3 √3 1 √3 𝑖
= (1 − 2 + 𝑖 2
− 2
+ 2𝑖 + 2
− 2)9
1 √3𝑖 9 𝜋 𝜋
=( + ) =(cos + 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 )9
2 2 3 3

= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 3𝜋 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛3𝜋 [... For any natural number ‘n’, (cos θ+ i sinθ)n=cos(nθ)+i sin(n θ)]
=-1

3. Let z0 be a root of the quadratic equation, x2 + x + 1 = 0, If z = 3 + 6𝑖𝑧081 − 3𝑖𝑧093 ,then arg

z is equal to (2019MAIN,9 JAN II)
𝜋 𝜋 𝜋
(a) 4 (b) 6 (c) 0 (d) 3

Solution : Given,𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = 0
−1±√3𝑖
➔𝑥 =
2
−𝑏±√𝑏2 −4𝑎𝑐
[... roots of quadratic equation 𝑎𝑥 2 + 𝑏𝑥 + 𝑐 = 0 are given by 𝑥 = 2𝑎
]
−1+√3𝑖 −1−√3𝑖
 𝑧0 = 𝜔, 𝜔2 [𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝜔 = 2
and 𝜔2 = 2
𝑎re the cube roots of unity and 𝜔, 𝜔2 ≠ 1)

Now consider z=3+6𝑖 𝑧081 − 3𝑖 𝑧093

=3 + 6𝑖 − 3𝑖 (...𝜔3𝑛 = (𝜔2 )3𝑛 = 1)
=3+3i=3(1+i)

𝐼𝑚(𝑧)
if 𝜃 is the argument of z, then 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝜃 = 𝑅𝑒(𝑧)
[... z is in the first quadrant]

3 𝜋
= = 1 => 𝜃 =
3 4

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4. Let z = cos θ + I sin θ. Then, the value of ∑15

𝑚=1 𝐼𝑚(𝑧
2𝑚−1
) at θ = 20 is (2009)
1 1 1 1
(a) 𝑠𝑖𝑛20 (b) 3𝑠𝑖𝑛20 (c) 2𝑠𝑖𝑛20 (d) 4𝑠𝑖𝑛20

Solution : Given, that z=𝑐𝑜𝑠𝜃 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 = 𝑒 𝑖𝜃

15 15 15
2𝜇−1 ) 𝑖𝜃 2𝜇−1
∴ ∑ 𝐼𝜇(𝜀 = ∑ 𝐼𝜇(𝜀 ) = ∑ 𝐼𝜇 𝜀 ′(2𝜇−1)𝜃
𝜇=1 𝜇=1 𝜇=1

= 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃+sin3𝜃 + 𝑠𝑖𝑛 5𝜃 + ⋯ . +𝑠𝑖𝑛29𝜃

𝜃+29𝜃 15×2𝜃
𝑠𝑖𝑛( )𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(15𝜃) 𝑠𝑖𝑛(15𝜃) 1
2 2
= 2𝜃 = =
𝑠𝑖𝑛( ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 4 𝑠𝑖𝑛2°
2

5. The minimum value of| 𝛼 + bω +cω2|, where a, b and c are all not equal integers and ω ( ≠
1) is a cube root of unity, is (2005,1M)
1
(a) √3 (b) (c) 1 (d) 0
2

Solution : Let z=|a+𝑏𝜔 + 𝑐𝜔2 |


𝑧 2 = |𝑎 + 𝑏𝜔 + 𝑐𝜔2 |2 = (𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 + 𝑐 2 − 𝑎𝑏 − 𝑏𝑐 − 𝑐𝑎)
1
Or 𝑧 2 = 2 {(𝑎 − 𝑏)2 + (𝑏 − 𝑐)2 + (𝑐 − 𝑎)2 } …(i)

Since,a,b,c are all integers but not all simultaneously equal.

 If a=b then a≠ 𝑐 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑏 ≠ 𝑐
Because difference of integers =integer
 (𝑏 − 𝑐)2 ≥ 1{𝑎𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑑𝑖𝑓𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑤𝑜 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟𝑠 𝑖𝑠 (±1)}𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 (𝑐 − 𝑎)2 ≥
1 𝑎nd we have taken a=b➔ (𝑎 − 𝑏)2 = 0
1
From Eq.(i) 𝑧 2 ≥ 2 (0 + 1 + 1)

 𝑧2 ≥ 1
Hence, minimum value of |z| is 1.

6. If ω (≠ 1) be a cube root of unity and (1 + ω 2)n = (1 + ω 4)n, then the least positive
value of n is (2004,1M)
(a) 2 (b) 3 (c) 5 (d) 6
Solution : Given, (1 + 𝜔2 )𝑛 = (1 + 𝜔4 )𝑛
 (−𝜔)𝑛 = (−𝜔2 )𝑛 [...𝜔3 = 1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 = 0]
 𝜔𝑛 = 1
n=3 is the least positive value of n.

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS
1 1 1
1 √3
7. Let ω = - 2 + i2, then value of the determinant |1 (−1 − 𝜔2 ) 𝜔2| is (2002,1M)
1 𝜔2 𝜔
(a) 3ω (b) 3 ω (ω - 1) (c) 3ω2 (d) 3ω(1-ω)
1 1 1
Solution : Let ∆= |1 −1 − 𝜔2 𝜔2 |
1 𝜔2 𝜔
Applying 𝑅2 → 𝑅2 − 𝑅1 ; 𝑅3 → 𝑅3 − 𝑅1
1 1 1
= | 0 −1 − 𝜔2 𝜔 2 − 1|
0 𝜔2 − 1 𝜔−1
= (−2 − 𝜔2 )(𝜔 − 1) − (𝜔2 − 1)2
= −2𝜔 + 2 − 𝜔3 + 𝜔2 − (𝜔4 − 2𝜔2 + 1)
= 3𝜔2 − 3𝜔 = 3𝜔(𝜔 − 1) [... 𝜔4 = 𝜔]

8. Let z1 and z2 be nth roots of unity which subtend a right angled at the origin, then
n must be of the form (where,k is an integer) (2002,1M)
(a) 4k + 1 (b) 4k + 2 (c) 4k + 3 (d) 4k
𝑧1 𝜋
Solution : Since, arg 𝑧2
= 2
𝑧1 𝜋 𝜋
 𝑧2
= 𝑐𝑜𝑠 2 + 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 2 = 𝑖
𝑧1𝑛
∴ = (𝑖)𝑛 => 𝑖 𝑛 = 1 [... |𝑧2 | = |𝑧1 | = 1]
𝑧2𝑛

 N=4k
𝑧 𝜋
Alternate Solution - Since, arg𝑧2 = 2
1

𝑧2 𝑧2 𝜋
∴ = | | 𝑒𝑖2
𝑧1 𝑧1

𝑧2
 𝑧1
=𝑖 [...|𝑧1 | = |𝑧2 | = 1]

𝑧 𝑛
 (𝑧2 ) = 𝑖 𝑛
1

∴ z1 and z2 are nth roots of unity. 𝑧1𝑛 = 𝑧2𝑛 = 1

𝑧
 (𝑧2 ) = 1
1
𝑛
 𝑖 =1 N=4k, where is an integer.

1 𝑖√3 334 1 𝑖√3 365

9. If i=√−1, then 4+5 [− + ] + 3 [− 2 + 2
] is equal to (1999,2M)
2 2

(a) 1 - i√3 (b) -1 + i√3 (c) i√3 (d) - i√3

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Solution : We know that
1 √3
𝜔=− + 𝑖
2 2
334 365
1 𝑖√3 1 𝑖√3
∴ 4 + 5 (− + ) + 3 (− + )
2 2 2 2
= 4 + 5 𝜔334 + 3𝜔365
= 4 + 5. (𝜔3 )111 . 𝜔 + 3. (𝜔3 )121 . 𝜔2
= 4 + 5𝜔 + 3𝜔2 [... 𝜔3 = 1]
=1 + 3 + 2𝜔 + 3𝜔 + 3𝜔2
=1 + 2𝜔 + 3(1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 ) = 1 + 2𝜔 + 3𝑥0 [... 1+ 𝜔 + 𝜔2 = 0]
=1 + (−1 + √3𝑖) = √3𝑖

10. If ω is an imaginary cube root of unity, then (1 + ω - ω2)7 is equal to (1998,2M)

(a) 128 ω (b) -128ω (c) 128ω2 (d) -128ω2
Solution : (1+ 𝜔 − 𝜔2 )7 = (−𝜔2 − 𝜔2 )7 [... 1+ 𝜔 + 𝜔2 = 0]
=(−2𝜔2 )7 = (−2)7 𝜔14 = −128𝜔2

11. If ω (≠1) is a cube root of unity and (1+ ω)7=A+Bω, then A and B are respectively
(a) 0,1 (b) 1,1 (c) 1,0 (d) -1,1 (1995,2M)
Solution : (1 + 𝜔)7 = (1 + 𝜔)(1 + 𝜔)6
= (1 + 𝜔)(−𝜔2 )6 = 1 + 𝜔
 𝐴 + 𝐵𝜔 = 1 + 𝜔 So that, A=1, B=1

2𝜋𝑘 2𝜋𝑘
12. The value of ∑6𝑘=1(𝑠𝑖𝑛 − 𝑖𝑐𝑜𝑠 ) is (1988,2M)
7 7

(a) -1 (b) 0 (c) -i (d) i

2𝑘𝜋 2𝑘𝜋
Solution : ∑6𝑘=1(𝑠𝑖𝑛 7 − 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7 )
2𝑘𝜋 2𝑘𝜋
= ∑6𝑘=1 −𝑖 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 7
+ 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 7
)
𝑖2𝑘𝜋 𝑖2𝜋 𝑖4𝜋 𝑖6𝜋 𝑖8𝜋 𝑖10𝜋 𝑖12𝜋
= −𝑖 {∑6𝑘=1 𝑒 7 }=-𝑖{𝑒 7 +𝑒 7 +𝑒 7 +𝑒 7 +𝑒 7 +𝑒 7

𝑖12𝜋
𝑖2𝜋 (1 − 𝑒 7 )
= −𝑖{𝑒 7 𝑖2𝜋
}
1− 𝑒 7
𝑒 𝑖2𝜋/7 −𝑒 𝑖14𝜋/7
=−𝑖 { } [... 𝑒 𝑖14𝜋/7 = 1]
1−𝑒 𝑖2𝜋
𝑖2𝜋
𝑒 7 −1
=−𝑖 { 𝑖2𝜋 }=𝑖
1−𝑒 7

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS
Match The Columns
2𝑘𝜋 2𝑘𝜋
13. Let zk = cos ( ) + i sin( ); k=1,2,3,….9 (2011)
10 10

Column I Column II
p. For each zk, there exists a zj such that zk . zj = 1 (i) True
q. There exists a k{1,2,3,…9} such that z1.z=zk has no solution z in the (ii) False
set of complex numbers.
|1−𝑧1 ||1−𝑧2 |…|1−𝑧9 | (iii) 1
r. equal
10
2𝑘𝜋 (iV) 2
s. 1 - ∑9𝑘=1 𝑐𝑜𝑠( 10 ) equals

Codes

P Q R S

(a) (i) (ii) (iv) (iii)

(b) (ii) (i) (iii) (iv)

(c) (i) (ii) (iii) (iv)

(d) (ii) (i) (iv) (iii)

Solution : (P)->(i), (Q)->(ii), (R)->(iii), (S)->(iv)

(P)PLAN 𝒆𝒊𝜽 . 𝒆𝒊𝜶 = 𝒆𝒊(𝜽+𝜶)

𝟐𝒌𝝅 𝟐𝝅
( )(𝒌+𝒋)
Given 𝒛𝒌 = 𝒆𝒊 𝟏𝟎 => 𝒛𝒌 . 𝒛𝒋 = 𝒆𝒊 𝟏𝟎 𝑧𝑘 𝑖𝑠 10𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦.
 𝑧𝑘 𝑤𝑖𝑙𝑙 𝑎𝑙𝑠𝑜 𝑏𝑒 10𝑡ℎ 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦. 𝑇𝑎𝑘𝑖𝑛𝑔, 𝑧𝑗 𝑎𝑠 𝑧𝑘 , 𝑤𝑒 ℎ𝑎𝑣𝑒 𝑧𝑘 . 𝑧𝑗 = 1 (𝑇𝑟𝑢𝑒)
𝑒 𝑖𝜃
(Q)PLAN 𝑒 𝑖𝛼
= 𝑒 𝑖(𝜃−𝛼)
2𝑘𝜋 2𝜋 𝜋
𝑧 𝑖( − ) (𝑘−1)
Z= 𝑘 =𝑒 10 10 = 𝑒𝑖5
𝑧1
𝜋
For k=2;z=𝑒 𝑖 5 𝑤ℎ𝑖𝑐ℎ 𝑖𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑛 𝑠𝑒𝑡 (𝐹𝐴𝐿𝑆𝐸)
(𝑹)𝑷𝑳𝑨𝑵
(i) 1-cos 2𝜃 = 2 𝑠𝑖𝑛2 𝜃
(ii) Sin 2𝜃=2𝑠𝑖𝑛𝜃 𝑐𝑜𝑠 𝜃 𝑎𝑛𝑑
√5−1
(i) Cos 36° =
4
√5+1 |1−𝑧1 ||1−𝑧2 |…|1−𝑧9 |
(ii) cos 108° = 4 10
2𝜋𝑘 2𝜋𝑘
NOTE |1 − 𝑧𝑘 | = |1 − 𝑐𝑜𝑠 10
− 𝑖𝑠𝑖𝑛 10
|
𝜋𝑘 𝜋𝑘 𝜋𝑘 𝜋𝑘
=|2 − 𝑠𝑖𝑛 | | 𝑠𝑖𝑛 10 − 𝑖 𝑐𝑜𝑠 | = 2|𝑠𝑖𝑛 |
10 10 10

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS
𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 8𝜋 9𝜋
29 𝑠𝑖𝑛 .𝑠𝑖𝑛 .𝑠𝑖𝑛 ….𝑠𝑖𝑛 .𝑠𝑖𝑛
10 10 10 10 10
Now,required product is
10

𝜋 2𝜋 3𝜋 4𝜋 2 5𝜋
29 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 10 𝑠𝑖𝑛 10 ) 𝑠𝑖𝑛 10
=
10
𝜋 𝜋 2𝜋 2𝜋 2
29 (𝑠𝑖𝑛 10 𝑐𝑜𝑠 10 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛 10 𝑐𝑜𝑠 10 ) . 1
=
10
1 𝜋1 2𝜋 2
29 ( 𝑠𝑖𝑛 . 𝑠𝑖𝑛 )
2 52 5
= 10
25 (𝑠𝑖𝑛36° . 𝑠𝑖𝑛72°)2
= 10
25
= (2 𝑠𝑖𝑛 36° 𝑠𝑖𝑛72°)2
22 𝑥10
22
= 5 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 36° − 𝑐𝑜𝑠108°)2
2
22 √5−1 √5+1 22 5
= [( )+( )] = . =1
5 4 4 5 4

(s) PLAN sum of nth roots of unity=0

1 + 𝛼+𝛼 2 + 𝛼 3 + ⋯ . +𝛼 9 = 0
1+∑9𝑘=1 𝑎𝑘 = 0
2𝑘𝜋 2𝑘𝜋
1+∑9𝑘=1 (𝑐𝑜𝑠 10
+ 𝑖 𝑠𝑖𝑛 10
)=0
2𝑘𝜋
1+∑9𝑘=1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 =0
10
2𝑘𝜋
So, 1 − ∑9𝑘=1 𝑐𝑜𝑠 =2
10

Fill in the blanks

2𝜋 2𝜋
14. Let ω be the complex number cos 3 + i sin 3 . Then the number of distinct complex

𝑧+1 𝜔 𝜔2
number z satisfying | 𝜔 (𝑧 + 𝜔2 ) 1 | = 0 is equal to…… (2010)
𝜔2 1 𝑧+𝜔

1 𝜔 𝜔2
Solution : let A= [ 𝜔 𝜔2 1]
𝜔2 1 𝜔

0 0 0
Now, A2= [0 0 0] and Tr(A)=0,|A|=0
0 0 0

𝐴3 = 0

𝑧+1 𝜔 𝜔2
 | 𝜔 𝑧 + 𝜔2 1 | = [𝐴 + 𝑧𝑙] = 0
𝜔2 1 𝑧+𝜔
 𝑧3 = 0
 Z=0, the number of z satisfying the given equation is 1.

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS

15. The value of expression 1 (2 - ω) (2- ω 2) + 2 (3 - ω) (3 - ω 2)+…..+(n - 1).(n - ω) (n- ω 2),

Where, ω is an imaginary cube root of unity, is……. (1996,2M)
Solution : Here, Tr=(r-1)(r-𝜔)(r-𝜔)2]=(r3-1)
𝑛 2
3
𝑛(𝑛 + 1)
∴ 𝑠𝑛 ∑(𝑟 − 1) = [ ] −𝑛
2
𝑟=1

True /False
16. The cube roots of unity when represented on argand dagram form the vertices of an
equilateral triangle. (1988,1M)
1 1
Solution : Since, cube root of unity are 1,𝜔,𝜔2 given by A(1,0), B(− 2 , √3
2
√3
),c(− 2 , 2 )

--> AB=BC=CA=√3 . Hence, cube roots of unity form an equilateral triangle.

Analytical & Descriptive questions

17. Let a complex number α, α ≠ 1, be a root the equation Zp+q - zp - zq + 1 = 0. Where, p and q
are distinct primes. Show that either
1 + α + α2+….+ αp-1 = 0
Or 1 + α + α2+….+ αq-1 = 0 but not both together. (2002,5M)

Solution : Given, zp+q - zp - zq + 1 = 0......(I)

 ( zp - 1)(zq - 1) = 0

Since, (𝛼) is a root of Eq.(i), either 𝛼 P – 1 = 0 are 𝛼 q – 1 = 0

𝛼 𝑝 −1 𝛼 𝑞 −1
 Either 𝛼−1
=0 or 𝛼−1
=0 [as 𝛼 ≠ 1]

 Either 1 + 𝛼 + 𝛼 2 + ⋯ . +𝛼 𝑝−1 = 0
Or 1+ 𝛼 + ⋯ + 𝛼 𝑞−1=0
But 𝛼 𝑝 − 1 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛼 𝑞−1 = 0 cannot accur simultaneously has p and q are distinct primes, so
neither p devides q nor q devides p which is the requirement for 1= 𝛼 𝑝 = 𝛼 𝑞 .

18. If 1, a1, a2….an-1 are the n roots of unity, then show that
(1 - a1)(1 - a2)(1 - a3)…(1 - an-1)=n (1984,2M)

Solution : since, 1, 𝑎1 , 𝑎2 , … . 𝑎𝑛−1 are the nth roots of the unity.

➔ (𝑥 𝑛 − 1) = (𝑥 − 1)(𝑥 − 𝑎1 )(𝑥 − 𝑎2 ) … . (𝑥 − 𝑎𝑛−1 )

𝑥 𝑛 −1
 𝑥−1
= (𝑥 − 𝑎1 )(𝑥 − 𝑎2 ) … . (𝑥 − 𝑎𝑛−1 )

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS
 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑥 𝑛−2 + ⋯ . 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 + 1 = (𝑥 − 𝑎1 )(𝑥 − 𝑎2 ) … . (𝑥 − 𝑎𝑛−1 )

𝑥 𝑛 −1
Bcz [ 𝑥−1 = 𝑥 𝑛−1 + 𝑥 𝑛−2 + ⋯ + 𝑥 + 1]

On putting x = 1, we get 1 + 1 +…n times =(1 − 𝑎1 )(1 − 𝑎2 ) … . (1 − 𝑎𝑛−1 ) = 𝑛

19. It is given that n is an odd integer greater than 3, but n is not a multiple of 3. Prove that x 3
+ x2 + x is a factor of (x + 1)n - xn – 1. (1980,3M)

Solution : since, n is not a multiple of 3, but odd integers and

𝑥3 + 𝑥2 + 𝑥 = 0 → 𝑥 = 0, 𝜔, 𝜔2

Now, when x=0

 (𝑥 + 1)𝑛 − 𝑥 𝑛 − 1 = 1 − 0 − 1 = 0
∴ 𝑥 = 0 𝑖𝑠 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 𝑜𝑓 (𝑥 + 1)𝑛 − 𝑥 𝑛 − 1
Again, when x=𝜔
 (𝑥 + 1)𝑛 − 𝑥 𝑛 − 1 = (1 + 𝜔)𝑛 − 𝜔𝑛 − 1 = −𝜔2𝑛 − 𝜔𝑛 − 1 = 0
[as n is not a multiple of 3 and odd]

Similarly, x = 𝜔2 is root of {(x+1)n –xn - 1}

Hence, x = 0, 𝜔, 𝜔2 are the roots of (𝑥 + 1)𝑛 − 𝑥 𝑛 − 1

Thus, x3 + x2 + x divides (x + 1)n - xn - 1.

20. If x = a + b, y = αα + bβ, z = αβ+ bα, where α,β are complex cube roots of unity, then show
that xyz = a3 + b3. (1979,3M)

Solution : since,𝛼, 𝛽 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑙𝑒𝑥 𝑐𝑢𝑏𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑢𝑛𝑖𝑡𝑦.

∴ 𝑤𝑒 𝑡𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝛼 = 𝜔 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛽 = 𝜔2

Now, xyz = (a + b)(𝑎𝛼 + 𝑏𝛽)(𝑎𝛽 + 𝑏𝛼)

= (a + b)[𝑎2 𝛼𝛽 + 𝑎𝑏(𝛼 2 + 𝛽 2 ) + 𝑏 2 𝛼𝛽]

= (𝑎 + 𝑏)[𝑎2 (𝜔. 𝜔2 ) + 𝑎𝑏(𝜔2 + 𝜔4 ) + 𝑏 2 (𝜔. 𝜔2 )]

= (a + b)(𝑎2 − 𝑎𝑏 + 𝑏 2 ) [... 1 + 𝜔 + 𝜔2 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜔3 = 1]

= 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS
Integer answer type questions
21. Let ω = eiπ/3 and a, b, c, x, y, z be non-zero complex numbers such that a + b + c = x,
a + bω + cω2 = y, a + bω2 + cω = z.

|x|2 +|y|2 +|z|2

Then, the value of is … (2011)
|a|2 +|b|2 +|c|2

2π |x2 | + |y2 | + |z2 |

Solution: Printing error = ei 3 Then, (a)2 + (b)2 + |c|2 = 3

2π
NOTE - Here, w = ei 3 , then only integer solution exists.

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 COMPLEX NUMBERS

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