SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Chapter–01
SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

41 years of JEE mains & advance solved papers

Topic 1 - Mole concept

Objective Question- I (only one correct option)
1. 5 moles of AB2 weight 125 X 10-3kg and 10 moles of A2B2 weight 300 X 10-3kg. The molar
mass of A(MA) and molar mass of B(MB) in kg mol-1 are (2019 main, 12 April I)
(a) MA = 10 X 10-3 and MB = 5 X 10-3 (b) MA= 50 X 10-3 and MB = 25 X 10-3
(c) MA = 25 X 10-3 and MB = 50 X 10-3 (d) MA = 5 X 10-3 and MB =10 X 10-3
Solution :

KEY To find the mass of A and B in the given question,

mole concept is used.
IDEA given mass (w)
Number of moles(n) = molecular mass (M)

Compound Mass of A(g) Mass of B (g)

AB2 MA 2MB
A2 B2 2MA 2MB
given mass (w)
We know that, Number of moles(n) =
molecular mass (M)

n×M=w …..(A)
Using equation (A), it can be concluded that
5(MA + 2MB ) = 125 × 10−3 kg …..(i)
10(2MA + 2MB ) = 300 × 10−3 kg …..(ii)
From equation (i) and (ii)
1 (MA + 2MB ) 125
=( )
2 (2MA + 2MB ) 300

On solving the equation, we obtain, MA = 5 × 10−3 and MB = 10 × 10−3

So, the molar mass of A(MA ) is 5 × 10−3 kg mol−1 and B(MB ) is 10 × 10−3 kg mol−1

L
Page number 1 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

2. The minimum amount of O2(g) consumed per gram of reactant is for the reaction. (Given
atomic mass: Fe = 56, O = 16, Mg = 24, P = 31, C = 12, H = 1) (2019 main, 10 April II)
(a) C3H8(g)+ 502(g) → 3CO2(g)+ 4H2O(l) (b) P4(s) + 502(g) → P4O10(s)
(c) 4Fe(s) + 3O2(g) →2Fe2O3(s) (d) 2Mg(s) + O2(g) →2MgO(s)
Solution : (a) C3 H8 [44g(g)] + 502160g (g) → 3CO2 (g) + 4H2 O(l)
160
 1g of reactant = g of O2 consumed = 3.64g
44

(b) P4124g (s) + 502160g → P4 O10 (s)

160
 1g of reactant = 124 g of O2 consumed = 1.29 g

4Fe(s)2 30 (g)
(c) 244g + 96g → 2𝐹𝑒2 O3 (s)

96
 1g of reactant = 224 g of O2 consumed = 0.43g

2Mg(s) O2 (g)
(d) 48g
+
32g
→ 2MgO(s)

32
 1 g of reactant = g of O2 consumed=0.67g
48
So, minimum amount of O2 is consumed per gram of reactant (Fe) in reaction (c).

3. At 300K and l atmospheric pressure , 10ml of a hydrocarbon required 55ml of O2 for

complete combustion and 40ml of CO2 is formed. The formula of the hydrocarbon is
(2019 main,10AprilI)
(a) C4H7Cl (b) C4H6 (c) C4H10 (d) C4H8
y 300𝐾,1𝑎𝑡𝑚 y
Solution :In eudiometry, Cx Hy + (x + 4) O2 → x CO2 + 2 H2 O
y
1 mol (x + )mol
4
x mol
y
1ml (x + 4)ml x ml
y
10ml (x + )X10ml
4
10x ml

Given, (i) Vco 2 = 10x = 40mL => x = 4

y
(ii) V0 2 = 10 (x + 4) mL = 55ml
y
 10 (4 + 4) = 55 [bcz x = 4]

L
Page number 2 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY
y×10
 40 + = 55
4
10 4
 y × = 15 => y = 15 × 10 = 6
4

So, the hydrocarbon (Cx Hy ) is C4 H6 .

4. 10ml of 1mm surfactant solution form a monolayer covering 0.24cm2 on a polar

substrate. If the polar head is approximated as a cube, what is its edge length?
(2019 main, 9 April ll)
(a) 2.0pm (b) 0.1nm (c) 1.0pm (d) 2.0nm
Solution : Given, volume = 10 mL
Molarity = 1m, M = 10−3 M
∴ Number of millimoles = 10 mL × 10−3 M = 10−2
Number of moles=10−5
Now, number of molecules = number of moles x Avogadro’s number
= 10−5 × 6 × 1023 = 6 × 1018
Surface area occupied by 6 × 1023 molecules = 0.24cm2
0.24
∴ Surface area occupied by 1 molecule = 6 × 1018 = 0.04 × 10−18 cm2

As it is given that polar head is approximated as cube. Thus, surface area of cube = a2 ,
where, a = edge length
∴ a2 = 4 × 10−20 cm2
a = 2 × 10−10 cm = 2 pm

5. For a reaction, N2(g) + 3H2(g) → 2NH3(g), identify dihydrogen(H2 ) as a limiting reagent

in the following reaction mixtures. (2019 main, 9April I)
(a) 56g of N2+10g of H2 (b) 35g of N2+8g of H2
(c) 14g of N2+4g of H2 (d) 28g of N2+6g of H2
Solution :
The reactant which is present in the lesser amount,
KEY
i.e. which limits the amount of product formed is
IDEA
called limiting reagent.

L
Page number 3 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

When 56g of N2 + 10 g of H2 is taken as a combination then dihydrogen (H2 ) act as a

limiting reagent in the reaction.
N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) → 2NH3 (g) …,(I)
2 × 14g 3 × 2g 2(14 + 3)g
28g 6g 34g
28g N2 requires 6g H2 gas.
6g
56g of N2 requires 28g × 56g = 12g of H2

12g H2 gas is required for 56g of N2 gas but only 10g of H2 gas is present in option (a)
Hence, H2 gas is the limiting reagent.
In option (b), i.e 35g of N2 + 8g of H2
As 28g N2 requires6g of H2
6g
35g of N2 requires 28g × 35g H2 => 7.5g of H2 .

Here, H2 gas does not act as limiting reagent since 7.5g of H2 gas is required for 35g of N2 and
8g of H2 is present in reaction mixture.
Mass of H2 left unreacted = 8g - 7.5g of H2 = 0.5g of H2
Similarly, in option (c) and (d), H2 does not act as limiting reagent.
For 14g of N2 + 4g of H2 , As we know 28g of N2 reacts with 6g of H2
6
14g of N2 reacts with 28 × 14g of H2 => 3g of H2

For 28g of N2 + 6g of H2 , i.e. 28g of N2 reacts with 6g of H2 (by equation 1)

6. The percentage composition of carbon by mole in methane is (2019 main,8April II)

(a) 75% (b) 20% (c) 25% (d) 80%
Solution :
KEY The percentage composition of a compound is given by the formula,
composition of a substance in a compound
IDEA % composition = × 100
Total composition total of compound

In CH4 , Mole of carbon=1

Mole of hydrogen =4
1
∴ % of carbon by mole in CH4 = 1+4 × 100 = 20%

L
Page number 4 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

7. 8g of NAOH is dissolved in 18 g of H20. Mole fraction of NAOH in solution and molality

(in mol kg-1)of the solution respectively are (2019 main, 12 jan II)
(a) 16.8 (b) 22.4 (c) 11.35 (d) 5.6
number of moles of solute + number of moles solvent
Solution: Mole fraction of solute =
number of moles of solute
wsolute
nsolute Mwsolute
xsolute = = wsolute w
nsolute +nsolvent + solvent
Mwsolute Mwsolvent

Given, wsolute = wNaOH = 8g

Mwsolute = MwNaOH = 40g mol−1
wsolvent = wH2O = 18g
Mwsolvent = 18g mol−1
8/40 0.2 0.2
∴ Xsolute = XNaOH = 8 18 = = 1.2 = 0.167
+ 0.2+1
40 18

Moles of solute
Now, molality(m) = Mass of solvent (in kg)
wsolvent
Mwsolvent 8/40
× 1000 = × 1000
wsolvent (in g) 18

0.2
= × 1000 = 11.11 mol kg −1
18
Thus, mole fraction of NaOH in solution and molality of the solution respectively are 0.167
and 11.11 mol kg −1

8. The volume strength of 1M H2O2 is(molar mass of H2O2 = 34 gmol-1) (2019main,12 Jan II)
(a) 16.8 (b) 22.4 (c) 11.35 (d) 5.6
Solution: Concentration of H2 O2 is expressed in terms of volume strength, i.e. volume of O2
liberated by H2 O2 at NTP. Molarity is connected to volume strength as,
x
Molarity (M) = 11.2or x =Molarityx11.2

Where, x= volume strength

So, for 1 MH2 O2 , x=1x11.2=11.2
Among the given options, 11.35 is nearest to 11.2.

9. The amount sugar (C12H22O11)required to prepare 2L of its 0.1M aqueous solution is

(2019 main, 10Jan II)

L
Page number 5 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

(a) 17.1g (b) 68.4g (c) 136.8g (d) 34.2g

Number of moles of solute(n) wB (g)
Solution: Molarity = Also, n=M −1
Volume of solution (in L) B (gmol )
WB /MB
∴ molarity = V

Given, WB = mass of solute (B)in g

MB = Gram molar mass of B(C12 H22 O11 ) = 342g mol−1
Molarity = 0.1 M
Volume (V) = 2 L
WB /342
 0.1 = => WB = 0.1 x 342 x 2g = 68.4g
2

10. For the following reaction , the mass of water produced from 445g of C57H10 O6 is:
2C57 H110 O6 (s) + 163O2 (g) → 114CO2 (g) + 110H2 O(l) (2019 main, Jan II)
(a) 490 g (b) 495g (c) 445g (d) 890g
Solution: 2C57 H110 O6 (S) + 163 O2 (g) → 110H2 O(l) + 114 CO2 (g)
Molecular mass of C57 H110 O6 = 2 x (12 x 57 + 1 x 110 + 16 x 6)g = 1780g
Molecular mass of 110 H2 O = 110(2 + 16) = 1980g
1980
1780g of C57 H110 O6 produced = 1780 × 445g of H2 O

= 495 of H2 O

11. A solution of sodium sulphate contains 92g of Na+ ions per kilogram of water. The
molality of Na+ ions in that solution in mol kg -1 is (2019 main,9Jan I)
(a) 16 (b) 4 (c) 132 (d) 8
Number of moles of solute
Solution :Molality(m) = × 1000
Mass of solvent(in g)

Mass of solute (in g) ×1000

= [Molecular weight of solute × mass of solvent (in g)]
w + × 1000 92 × 1000
= M Na = 23 × 1000 = 4 mol kg −1
Na+ × wH 2 o

12. The most abundant element by mass in the body of a healthy human adult are
oxygen(61.4%), carbon(22.9%), hydrogen(10.0%), and nitrogen(2.6%).The weight which
a 75kg person would gain if all 1H atoms are replaced by 2H atoms is (2017 JEE main)
(a)15kg (b) 37.5 kg (c) 7.5kg (d) 10kg

L
Page number 6 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Solution: Given, abundance of elements by mass, oxygen = 61.4%, carbon = 22.9%,

hydrogen = 10% and nitrogen = 2.6%
Total weight of person=75kg
75 X 10
Mass due to 1H = = 7.5 kg
100
1H atoms are replaced by 2H atoms, mass due to 2H = (7.5 × 2) kg
∴ Mass gain by person = 7.5 kg

13. 1 g of a carbonate (M2CO3) on treatment with excess HCL produces 0.01186 mole of CO2.
The molar mass of M2CO3 in g mol-1 is (2017 JEE main)
(a) 1186 (b) 84.3 (c) 118.6 (d) 11.86
Solution : M2 CO3(1g) + 2HC1 → 2MC1 + H2 O + CO2 (0.0118mole)

Number of moles of M2 CO3 reacted = number of moles CO2 evolved

1
= 0.01186 [M = molar mass of M2 CO3 ]
M
1
M = 0.01186 = 84.3 g mol−1

14. At 300K and 1 atm, 15 mL of a gaseous hydrocarbon required 375 mL air containing 20%
O2 by volume for complete combustion. After combustion, the gases occupy 330mL.
Assumingthat the water formed is in liquid form and the volume were measured at the
same temperature and pressure, the formula of the hydrocarbon is (2016 JEE main)
(a) C3H8 (b) C4H8 (c) C4H10 (d) C3H6
y y
(x + 4) xCO2 (g)30mL + 2 H2 O(l)
Solution :Cx Hy (g) + O2 (g) →
75mL
O2 used = 20% of 375 = 75 mL
Inert part of air = 80% of 375 = 300 mL
Total volume of gases = CO2 + inert part of air
= 30 + 300 = 330 mL
x 30
= 15 => x = 2
1
y
x+ 75 y
4
= 15 => x + 4 = 5
1

 x = 2, y = 12 => C2 H12

L
Page number 7 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

15. The molecular formula of a commercial resin used for exchanging ions in the water
softening is C8 H7 SO3 Na (molecular weight = 206)
what would be the maximum uptake of Ca2+ ions by the resin when expressed in mole
per gram resin? (2015, JEE main)
(a) 1/103 (b) 1/206 (c) 2/309 (d) 1/412
Solution: We know the molecular weight of C8 H7 SO3 Na = 12 x 8 + 1 x 7 + 32 + 16 x 3 + 23 = 206
We have to find, mole per gram of resin.
weight of given resin 1
∴ 1g of C8 H7 SO3 Na has number of mole = Molecular,weight of resin = 206 mol

Now, reaction look like, 2C8 H7 SO3 Na + Ca2+ → (C8 H7 SO3 )2 Ca + 2Na
Bcz 2 moles of C8 H7 SO3 Na combines with 1 mol Ca2+
1
∴ 1mole of C8 H7 SO3Na will combine with 2 mol Ca2+
1 1 1 1
∴ 206mole of C8 H7 SO3 Na will combine with, 2 x 206 mol Ca2+ = 412 mol Ca2+

16. 3g of activated charcoal was added to 50mL of acetic acid solution (0.06N) in a flask.
After an hour it was filtered and the strength of the filtrate was found to be 0.042N. The
amount of acetic adsorbed (per gram of charcoal) is (2015 JEE main)
(a) 18mg (b) 36mg (c) 42mg (d) 54mg
Solution :Given, initial strength of acetic acid = 0.06N
Final strength = 0.042 N; volume = 50mL
∴ initial millimoles of CH3 COOH = 0.06 x 50 = 3
Final millimoles of CH3 COOH = 0.042 x 50 = 2.1
∴ millimoles of CH3 COOH adsorbed = 3 - 2.1 = 0.9mmol
= 0.9 x 60mg = 54 mg

17. The ratio mass of oxygen and nitrogen of a particular gaseous mixture is 1 : 4. The ratio
of number of their molecule is (2014 main)
(a) 1 : 4 (b) 7 : 32 (c) 1 : 8 (d) 3 : 16
(𝑚𝑜 2 )
𝑛𝑜 (𝑀𝑜 2 )
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 ∶ 2 = (𝑚𝑁 2 )
𝑛𝑁 2
(𝑀𝑁 2 )

L
Page number 8 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Where, mo 2 = given mass of O2 , mN 2 = given mass of N2 ,

MO 2 = molecular mass of o2 , MN 2 = molecular mass of N2 ,
no 2 = number of moles of O2 , nN 2 = number of moles of N2
m 28 1 28 7
= [m o 2 ] 32 = 4 X 32 = 32
N2

18. The molarity of a solution obtained by mixing 750 mL of 0.5M HCL with 250mL of 2M
HCL will be (2013 main)
(a) 0.875M (b) 1.00M (c) 1.75M (d) 0.0975M
𝑀1 𝑉1 +𝑀2 𝑉2
Solution: From the formula, 𝑀𝑓 = 𝑉1 +𝑉2

Given, 𝑉1 = 750𝑚𝐿, 𝑀1 = 0.5𝑀

𝑉2 = 250𝑚𝐿, 𝑀2 = 2𝑀
750×0.5+250×2 875
= = = 0.875𝑀
750+250 1000

19. Dissolving 120g of Urea (mol.wt.60) in 1000g of water gave a solution of density
1.15g/ml. The molarity of the solution is (2011)
(a) 1,78M (b) 2.00M (c) 2.05M (d) 2.22M
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
Solution: Molarity = 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 (𝐿)
120
Moles of urea = =2
60

Weight of solution = Weight of solvent + weight of solute = 1000 + 120 = 1120g

1120𝑔 1
 Volume=1.15𝑔/𝑚𝐿 × 1000𝑚𝐿/𝐿 = 0.973𝐿
2.000
 Molarity=0.973 = 2.05𝑀

20. Given that the abundance of isotopes 54Fe, 56Fe and 57Fe are 5%, 90% and 5%,
respectively, the atomic mass of Fe is (2009)
(a) 55.85 (b) 55.95 (c) 55.75 (d) 56.05
Solution :From the given relative abundance, the average weight of Fe can be calculated as,
54×5+56×90+57×5
A= = 55.95
100

L
Page number 9 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

21. Mixture of X = 0.02mole of [Co(NH3)5SO4]Br and 0.02 mole of [Co(NH3)5Br ]SO4 was
prepared in 2 L solution.
1L of mixture X + excess of AgNO3 solution → Y
1L of mixture X + excess of BaCl2 → Z (2003,1M)
Number of moles of Y and Z are??
(a) 0.01, 0.01 (b) 0.02,0.01 (c) 0.01,0.02 (d) 0.02,0.02
Solution: 1.0L of mixture X contain 0.01mole of each [Co(NH3 )5 SO4 ]Br and [Co(NH3 )5 Br]SO4
Also, with AgNO3, only [Co(NH3 )5 SO4 ]Br reacts to give AgBr precipitate as
[Co(NH3 )5 SO4 ]Br + AgNO3 → [Co(NH3 )5 SO4 ] NO3 + AgBr

1.0mol excess 1.0mol

With BaCI2 , only [Co(NH3 )5 Br]SO4 reacts giving BaSO4 precipitate as

[Co(NH3 )5 Br]SO4 + BaCI2 → [Co(NH3 )5 Br]CI2 + BaSO4
1.0mol excess 1.0mol

Hence, moles of Y and Z are 0.01 each.

22. Which has maximum number of atoms? (2003,1M)

(a) 24g 0f C (12) (b) 56g of Fe (56) (c) 27g of Al (27) (d) 108 g of Ag(108)
Solution :Number of atoms = Number of moles × Avogadro’s number(𝑁𝐴 )
24
Number of atoms in 24g C = 12 × 𝑁𝐴 = 2𝑁𝐴
56
Number of atoms in 56g of Fe = 56 × 𝑁𝐴 = 𝑁𝐴
27
Number of atoms in 27g of Al = 27 × 𝑁𝐴 = 𝑁𝐴
108
Number of atoms in 108g of Ag = 108 × 𝑁𝐴 = 𝑁𝐴

Hence, 24g of carbon has the maximum number of atoms.

23. How many moles of electron weighs 1 kg? (2002, 3M)

(a) 6.023×1023 1 6.023 1
(b) 9.108 × 103 (c) 9.108 × 1054 (𝑑) × 108
9.108 × 6.023
Solution : Mass of an electron = 9.108 × 10−31 𝑘𝑔
9.108x10−31 𝑘𝑔 = 1.0electron
1 1031 1 1
∴ 1 kg = 9.108𝑋10−31 𝑒𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑜𝑛𝑠 = 9.108 × 6.023×1023 = 9.108×6.023 × 108 mole for electrons

L
Page number 10 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

24. The normality of 0.3 M phosphorus acid (H3PO3) is (1999,2M)

(a)0.1 (b)0.9 (c)0.3 (d) 0.6
Solution : Phosphorus acid is a dibasic acid as:
With only two replaceable hydrogens
Therefore, normality = molarity × basicity = 0.3×2 = 0.60

25. In which mode of expression, the concentration of a solution remains independent of

temperature ? (1988,1M)
(a) Molarity (b) Normality (c)Formality (d) Molality
Solution : Molality is defined in terms of weight, hence independent of temperature.
Remaining three concentration units are defined in terms of volume of solution, they
depend on temperature.

26. A molal solution is one that contain one mole of solute in (1986,1M)
(a) 1000g of solvent (b) 1.0L of solvent (c) 1.0L of solution (d) 22.4L of solution
Solution : Molality of a solution is defined as number of moles of solute present in 1.0kg
(1000g) of solvent.

27. If 0.50 mole of BaCl2 is mixed with 0.20 mole of Na3PO4, the maximum number of moles
of Ba3(PO4)2 that can be formed is (1981,1M)
(a) 0.70 (b) 0.50 (c) 0.20 (d) 0.10
Solution : The balanced chemical reaction is
3BaCI2 + 2Na3 PO4 → Ba3 (PO4 )2 + 6NaCI
In this reaction, 3 moles of BaCI2 combines with 2 moles of Na3 PO4 . Hence, 0.5 mole of
2
BaCI2 requires = 3 × 0.5 = 0.33 mole of Na3 PO4

Since, available Na3 PO4 (0.2 mole)is less than required mole (0.33), it is the limiting
reactant and would determine the amount of product Ba3 (PO4 )
bcz 2 moles of 2𝑁𝑎3 𝑃𝑂4 gives 1 mole 𝐵𝑎3 (𝑃𝑂4 )2
1
∴ 0.2 moles of 2𝑁𝑎3 𝑃𝑂4would give × 0.2 = 0.1 𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝐵𝑎3 (𝑃𝑂4 )2
2

L
Page number 11 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

28. 2.76 g of silver carbonate on being strongly heated yield a residue weighing (1979,1M)
(a)2.16g (b) 2.48g (c) 2.32g (d) 2.64g
Solution: Unlike other metal carbonates that usually decomposes into metal oxides
liberating carbon dioxide, silver carbonate on heating decomposes into elemental
silver liberating mixture of carbon dioxide and oxygen gas as:
heat 1
Ag 2 CO3 (s) → 2Ag(s) + CO2 (g) + O2 (g)
2
MW = 276g 2×108=216g
216
Hence, 2.76g of Ag2CO3 on heating will give 216 × 2.16g Ag as a residue.

29. When the same amount of zinc is treated separately with the excess of sulphuric acid
and excess of sodium hydroxide, the ratio of volume of hydrogen evolved is (1979,1M)
(a) 1:1 (b) 1:2 (c) 2:1 (d) 9:4
Solution :The balanced chemical reaction of zinc with sulphuric acid and NaOH are
Zn + H2 SO4 → ZnSO4 + H2 (g) ↑
Zn + 2NaOH + 2H2 O → Na2 [Zn(OH)4 ] + H2 (g) ↑
Since, one mole of 𝐻2 (𝑔) is produced per mole of zinc with both sulphuric acid and NaOH
respectively, hydrogen gas is produced in the molar ratio of 1 : 1 in the above reactions.

30. The largest number of molecules is in (1979,1M)

(a) 36g of water (b) 28 g of CO
(c) 46 g of ethyl alcohol (d) 54 g of nitrogen pentaoxide (N2O5)
36
Solution: Number of molecules present in 36 g of water = 18 × 𝑁𝐴 = 2𝑁𝐴
28
Number of molecules present in 28g of CO = 28 × 𝑁𝐴 = 𝑁𝐴
46
Number of molecules present in 46g of 𝐶2 𝐻2 𝑂𝐻 = 46 × 𝑁𝐴 = 𝑁𝐴
54
Number of molecules present in 54g of 𝑁2 𝑂5 = 108 × 𝑁𝐴 = 0.5𝑁𝐴

Hence, 36g of water contain the largest (2𝑁𝐴 ) number of molecules.

31. The total number of electrons in one molecule of carbon dioxide is (1979,1M)

L
Page number 12 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

(a) 22 (b) 44 (c) 66 (d) 88

Solution: In a neutral atom, atomic number represents the number of protons inside the
nucleus and equal number of electrons around it. Therefore, the number of total
electrons in molecule of CO2 = (electrons present in one carbon atom + 2 × electrons
present in one oxygen atom)
= 6 + 8 × 2 = 22.

32. A gaseous mixture contain the oxygen and nitrogen in the ratio of 1 : 4 by weight.
Therefore, the ratio of their number of molecules is (1979,1M)
(a) 1 : 4 (b) 1 : 8 (c) 7 : 32 (d)3 : 16
weight of a compound in gram(w)
Solution: = number of moles (n)
molar mass (M)
number of molecules (N)
= Avogadro number(NA )
w(O2 ) N(O2 )
 = …..(i)
32 NA
w(N2 ) N(N2 )
and = ….(ii)
28 NA
Dividing Eq. (i) by Eq.(ii) gives
N(O2 ) w(O ) 28
= w(N2 ) × 32
N(N2 ) 2

1 28 7
= 4 × 32 = 32

Numerical Value Based Questions

33. Galena (an ore) is partially oxidized by passing air through it at high temperature. After
some times the passage of air is stopped, but the heating is continued in closed furnace
such that the content undergo self –reduction. The weight (in kg) of Pb produced per kg
of O2 consumed is………….
(Atomic weight in gmol-1: O = 16, S = 32, Pb = 207) (2018 ADV.)
Solution: The equations of chemical reactions occurring during the process are,
In the presence of oxygen, 2PbS + 3O2 → 2PbO + 2SO2 …..(i)
By self-reduction, 2Pbo + Pbs → 3Pb + SO2
Thus 3 moles of O2 produces 3 × 207 = 621g of Pb

L
Page number 13 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY
621
So 1000g (1kg) of oxygen will produce, 96
× 1000 = 6468.75g = 6.4687𝑘𝑔 ≅ 6.47𝑘𝑔

Alternate method
O2 Pb
From the equation, Pbs + → + SO2
32g 207g
So, 32g of 𝑂2gives 207g of Pb
207
1g of 𝑂2 will give g of Pb
32
207
1000g of 𝑂2 will give ×1000 = 6468.75g
32

= 6.46875kg ≅ 6.47 kg

34. To measure the quantity of MnCl2 dissolved in an aqueous solution, it was completely
converted to KMnO4 using the reaction,
MnCl2 + K2S2O8 → KMnO4 + H2SO4 + HCl (equation not balanced)
Few drops of concentrated HCl were added to this solution and gently warmed. Further,
oxalic-acid (225mg)was added in portion till color of the permanganate ions
disappeared. The quantity of MnCl2 (in mg) present in the initial solution is……..
(Atomic weight in gmol-1: Mn = 55, Cl = 35.5) (2018 ADV)
Solution : The balanced equations are
(1) 2MnC12 + 5k 2 S2 O8 + 8H2 O → 2KMnO4 + 4K 2 SO4 + 6H2 SO4 + 4HCI
(2) 2KMnO4 + 5H2 C2 O + 3H2 SO4 → K 2 SO4 + 2MnSO4 + 8H2 O + 10CO2
Given, mass of oxalic acid added=225mg
225
So, millimoles of oxalic acid added= 90 = 2.5

Now from equation 2

Millimoles of KMn𝑂4 used to react with oxalic acid=1 and millimoles of 𝑀𝑛𝐶𝐼2 required
initially =1
∴ Mass of MnCl2 required initially = 1 × (55+71)=126mg
Alternative method
m moles of MnC12 = m moles of KMnO4 = x(let) and Meq of KMnO4 = Meq of oxalic acid
225
so, x × 5 = ×2
90

Hence, x = 1 ∴ m moles of MnC12 = 1

Hence mass of MnCl2 = (55 + 71) ×1 = 126mg.

L
Page number 14 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

35. In the following reaction sequence, the amount of D(in gram) formed from 10 moles of
aceto-phenone is…….
(Atomic weight in g mol-1: H = 1, C = 12, N = 14, O = 16, Br = 80. The yield (%) corresponding
to the product in each step is given in the parenthesis) (2018, adv)
H O

𝐻3 𝑂 + , NaOBr 𝑁𝐻3 ,∆ 𝐵𝑟2 /KOH 𝐵𝑟2 (3 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡),AcOH

A B C D
→ (60%)
→ (50%)
→ (50%)
→ (100%)

Solution :

L
Page number 15 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Fill in the Blanks

36. The weight of 1 X 1022 molecules of CuSO4. 5H2O is..….. (1991,1M)
Solution: Molar mass of CuSO4 . 5H2 O = 63.5 + 32 + 4 × 16 + 5×18 = 249.5g
Also, molar mass represents mass of Avogadro number of molecules in gram unit, therefore
6.023x1023 molecules of CuSO4 . 5H2 O weight 249.5g
249.5
∴ 1022 molecules will weight 6.023 X 1023 X 1022 = 4.14g

37. 3.0g of a salt of molecular weight 30 is dissolved in 250g water. The molarity of the
solution is …….. (1983,1M)
Number of moles of solute weight of solute 1000
Solution: Molarity = Volume of solution in litre = × Volume in mL
Molar mass

3 1000
= 30 × = 0.4 M
250

38. The total number of electrons present in 18mL of water is ……….. (1980,1M)
Solution: Considering density of water to be 1.0g/mL, 18 mL of water is 18g (1.0 mol) of
water and it contain Avogadro number of molecules. Also one molecule of water
contain = 2 × (one from each H-atom) + 8×(from oxygen atom) = 10 electrons.
 1.0 mole of H2 O contain =10x6.023x1023 = 6.023x1024 electrons

39. The modern atomic mass unite is based on the mass of ……….. (1980,1M)
Solution: Carbon-12 isotope. According to modern atomic mass unit, one atomic mass
unit (amu) is defined as one-twelth of mass of an atom of C-12 isotope,
1
i.e. 1 amu(u) = 12 × weight of an atom of C-12 isotope.

Integer Answer Type Questions

40. The mole fraction of a solute in a solution is 0.1. At 298K, molarity of this solution is the
same as its molality. Density of this solution at 298K is 2.0 gcm-3. The ratio of the
m solute
molecular weight of the solute and solvent, (m ) is ……. (2016, adv)
solvent
w w
Solution :Moles of solute, n1 = m1 ; Moles of solvent, n2 = m2
1 2

L
Page number 16 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

x1 (solute) = 0.1 and x2 (solvent) = 0.9

x n w m 1
∴ x1 = n1 = m1 . w2 = 9
2 2 1 2

Solute (moles) w ×1000×2

Molarity = = m1 (w
Volume (L) 1 1 +w2 )

Total mass of solution w1 +w2

Note, volume = =( ) mL
Density 2
Solute(moles) w1 × 1000
Molality = =
Solvent (kg) m1 ×w2

Given, molarity = molality

2000w1 1000w1
Hence , m =
1 (w1 +w2 ) m1 w2
w2 1
∴w = 2 => w1 = w2 = 1
1 +w2

w m 1 m (solute)
∴ m1 w2 = 9 => m 1(solvent) = 9
1 2 2

41. A compound H2X with molar weight of 80 g is dissolved in a solvent having density of
0.4mL-1. Assuming no change in volume upon dissolution, the molality of a 3.2 molar
solution is (2014 ADV)
Solution:
This problem can be solved by using concept of
PLAN
conversion of molarity into molality

Molarity = 3.2 M
let volume of solution = 1000mL = volume of solvent
mass of solvent = 1000×0.4 = 400g
since, molarity of solution is 3.2 molar ∴ nsolute = 3.2mol
3.2
molality(m) = 400/1000 = 8 Hence, correct integer is (8).

42. 29.2% ( w/W ) HCl stock solution has density of 1.25g mL-1. The molecular weight of HCl
is 36.5gmol-1.The volume (mL) of stock solution required to prepare a 200mL solution
0.4M HCl is (2012)
29.2
Solution: Mass of HCI in 1.0 mL stock solution = 1.25 × 100 = 0.365g
200
Mass of HCI required for 200mL 0.4M HCI = 1000 ×0.4×36.5 = 0.08×36.5g

L
Page number 17 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

∴0.365g of HCI is present in 1.0 mL stock solution.

0.08 × 36.5
0.08×36.5g HCI will be present in =8.0mL
0.365

Subjective Questions
43. 20% surface sites have adsorbed N2. On heating N2 gas evolved from sites and were
collected at 0.0001 atm and 298K in a container of volume is 2.46 cm3. Density of
surface sites is 6.023X1014/cm2 and surface area is 1000cm2, find out the number of
surface sites occupied per molecule of N2. (2005,3M)
Solution: Partial pressure of N2 = 0.001 atm, T = 298K, V = 2.46dm3
From ideal gas law: pV = nRT
pV 0.001×2.46
n(N2 ) = RT = = 10−7
0.082×298

 Number of molecules of N2 = 6.023 × 1023 × 10−7 = 6.023 × 1016

Now, total surface sites available = 6.023×1014×1000 = 6.023×1017
20
Surface sites used in adsorption = 100 × 6.023×1017 = 2×6.023×1016
Number of sites 2×6.023×1016
 Sites occupied per molecules = Number of molecules = =2
6.023×1016

44. In a solution of 100mL 0.5M acetic acid, one gram of active charcoal is added, which
adsorbs acetic acid. It is found that the concentration acetic acid becomes 0.49M. If
surface area of charcoal is 3.01 X 102 m2, calculate the area occupied by single acetic
molecule on surface of charcoal . (2003)
Solution: Initial millimole of CH3COOH = 100×0.5 = 50
Millimole of CH3COOH remaining after adsorption = 100×0.49 = 49
 Millimol of CH3COOH adsorbed = 50 – 49 = 1
1
 Number of molecules of CH3COOH adsorbed= 1000 × 6.023 × 1023 = 6.023 × 1020
3.01×102
 Area covered up by one molecule = 6.02×1020 = 5 × 10−19 𝑚2

45. Find the molarity of water. Given : ρ = 1000kg/m3 (2003)

Solution :Mass of 1.0 L water = 1000g
1000
 Molarity = = 55.56 mol L−1
18

L
Page number 18 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

46. A plant virus is found to consists of uniform cylindrical particles of 150Å in diameter and
5000Å long. The specific volume of the virus is 0.75 cm3/g. If the virus is considered to be
a single particle, find its molar mass. (1999,3M)
Solution: Volume of one cylindrical plant virus = 𝜋𝑟 2 𝑙
=3.14(75×10-18)2×5000×10-8 cm3 = 8.83×10-17cm3
volume of a virus 8.83×10−17 cm3
 Mass of one virus = Specific volume = = 1.1773𝑐𝑚3 × 10−16 g
0.75 cm3 g−1

 Molar mass of virus = Mass of one virus × Avogadro’s number

= 1.1773×10-17× 6.023×1023g = 70.91×106g

47. 8.0575 X 10-2 kg of Glauber’s salt is dissolved in water to obtain 1dm3 of solution of
density 1077.2kgm-3. calculate the molality, molarity and mole fraction of Na2SO4 in
solution. (1994,3M)
Solution: Molar mass of Glauber’s salt (Na2 SO4 . 10H2 O) = 23×2+32+64+10×18 = 322g
80.575
 Mole of Na2 SO4 . 10H2 O in 1.0 L solution = = 0.25
322

 Molarity of solution = 0.25M

Also, weight of 1.0 L solution = 1077.2 g
Weight of Na2 SO4 in 1.0 L solution = 0.25×142 = 35.5g
 Weight of water in 1.0L solution=1077.2 - 35.5 = 1041.7g
0.25
 Molality = 1041.7 ×1000 = 0.24m
Mole of Na2 SO4 0.25
Mole fraction of Na2 SO4 = Mole of Na = 1041.7 = 4.3 × 10−3
2 SO4 +Mole of water 0.25+
18

48. A is binary compound of a univalent metal. 1.422g of A reacts completely with 0.321g of
Sulphur in an evacuated and sealed tube to give 1.743g of a white crystalline solid B,
that form a hydrated double salt, C with Al2(SO4)3. Identify A, B and C (1994,2M)
Solution: Compound B forms hydrated crystals with A12(SO4)3. Also, B is formed with
univalent metal on heating with Sulphur. Hence, compound B must have the molecular
formula M2SO4 and compound A must be an oxide of M which reacts with Sulphur to
give metal sulphate as,

L
Page number 19 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

A + S → M2 SO4
0.321g sulphur gives 1.743g of M2 SO4
∴ 32.1g S (one mole) will give 174.3 g M2 SO4
Therefore, molar mass of M2 SO4 = 174.3 g
 174.3 = 2×Atomic weight of M + 32.1 + 64
 Atomic weight of M = 39, metal is potassium(K)
K 2 SO4 on treatment with aqueous A𝑙2 (SO4 )3 gives potash-alum
K 2 SO4 + A𝑙2 (SO4 )3 + 24H2 O → K 2 SO4 A12 (SO4 )3 . 24H2 O
If the metal oxide A has molecular formula MOx , two moles of it combine with one
mole of Sulphur to give one mole of metal sulphate as
2KOx + S → K 2 SO4
 x = 2, i. e. A is KO2

49. Upon mixing 45.0 mL 0.25 M lead nitrate solution with 25.0 mL of a 0.10M chromic
sulphate solution, precipitation of lead sulphate takes the place. How many moles of
lead sulphate are formed? Also calculate the molar concentration of species left behind
in the final solution. Assume that lead sulphate is completely insoluble. (1993,m)
Solution: The reaction involved is, 3𝑃𝑏(𝑁𝑂3 )2 + 𝐶𝑟2 (𝑆𝑂4 )3 → 3𝑃𝑏𝑆𝑂4 (𝑠) ↓ +2𝐶𝑟(𝑁𝑂3 )3
millimol of Pb(NO3 )2 taken = 45×0.25 = 11.25
millimol of Cr2 (SO4 )3 taken = 2.5
Here, chromic sulphate is the limiting reagent, it will determine the amount of product.
1 mole Cr2 (SO4 )3 produces 3 moles PbSO4 .
∴ 2.5 millimol Cr2 (SO4 )3will produce 7.5 millimol PbSO4 .
Hence, mole of PbSO4 precipitate formed = 7.5 × 10−3
Also, millimol of Pb(NO3 )2 remaining unreacted, 11.25 - 7.50 = 3.75
millimol of Pb(NO3 )2 3.75
➔ Molarity of Pb(NO3 )2 in final solution = = = 0.054M
Total volume 70

Also, millimol of Cr(NO3 )2 formed = 2×millimol of Cr2 (SO4 )3 reacted

5
 Molarity of Cr2 (𝑁O3 )2 = 70 = 0.071 M0\

50. Calculate the molality of 1.0L solution of 93% H2SO4, (weight/volume). The density of the

L
Page number 20 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

solution is 1.84g/mL (1990, 1M)

Solution: 93% 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 solution weight by volume indicates that there is 93g 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4in
100mL of solution
If we consider 100mL solution, weight of solution = 184g
Weight of 𝐻2 𝑂 in 100mL solution = 184 – 93 = 91g
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒
 Molality=𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑔) ×1000
93 1000
= 98 × = 10.42
91

51. A solid mixture (5.0g) consisting of lead nitrate and sodium nitrate was heated below
6000C until the weight of the residue was constant. If the loss in weight is 28.0 percent,
find the amount of lead nitrate and sodium nitrate in the mixture (1990,4M)
Solution :. Heating below 6000C converts Pb(𝑁𝑂3 )2 into PbO but to NaNO3 into NaNO2 as
∆ 1
Pb(NO3 )2 → PbO(s) +2NO2 ↑ + 2 O2 ↑
MW: 330 222
∆ 1
NaNO3 → NaNO2 (s) + O2 ↑
2
MW: 85 69
28
Weight loss = 5× 100 = 1.4g

 Weight of residue left = 5 - 1.4 = 3.6g

Now, let the original mixture contain xg of Pb(NO3 )2
330g Pb(NO3 )2 gives 222g PbO
222x
∴ x g Pb(NO3 )2 will give g PbO
330

Similarly, 85g NaNO2 gives 69g NaNO2

69(5−x)
 (5-x) g NaNO3 will give g NaNO2
85
222x 69(5−x)
 Residue: 330 + = 3.6g
85

Solving for x gives, x = 3.3g Pb(NO3 )2

 NaNO3 = 1.7g

52. n-butane is produced by monobromination of ethane followed by Wurtz’s reaction.

L
Page number 21 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Calculate volume of ethane at NTP required to produce 55g n-butane, if the bromination
takes place with 90% yield and Wurtz’s reaction with 85% yield. (1989,3M)
Solution : Reactions involved are, C3 H6 + Br2 → C2 H5 Br + HBr
2C2 H5 Br + 2Na → C4 H10 + 2NaBr
Actual yield of C4 H10=55g which is 85% of theoretical yield.
55×100
 Theoretical yield of C4 H10 = =64.70g
85

Also, 2 moles (218g )C2 H5 Br gives 58g of butane.

2
 64.70g of butane would be obtain from, 58 × 64.70 = 2.23 moles C2 H5 Br

Also, yield of bromination reaction is only 90%, in order to have 2.23 moles of C2 H5 Br,
2.23×100
theoretically, = 2.48 mole of C2 H5 Br required.
90
Therefore, moles of C2 H6 required = 2.48
 Volume of C2 H6 (NTP) required = 2.48 × 22.4 = 55.55L

53. A sugar syrup of weight 214.2g contain 34.2g of sugar (C12H22O11).

Calculate (i) Molal concentration
(ii) mole fraction of sugar in syrup. (1988,2M)
34.2
Solution: Moles of sugar = = 0.1
342

Moles of water in syrup = 214.2 - 34.2 = 180g

𝑚𝑜𝑙𝑒𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑡𝑒 0.1
Therefore, (i) Molality = 𝑤𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑣𝑒𝑛𝑡(𝑔) × 1000 = 180 × 1000 = 0.55
𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑟 0.1
(ii) Mole fraction of sugar = 𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑢𝑔𝑎𝑟+𝑀𝑜𝑙𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 = 0.1+10 = 9.9 × 10−3

54. An unknown compound of a carbon, hydrogen and oxygen contain 69.77% C and 11.63%
H and has a molecular weight of 86. It does not reduce Fehling’s Solution but forms a bi-
sulphate addition compound and gives a positive iodo-form test. What is the possible
structure(s) of unknown compound? (1987,3M)
Solution: From the given elemental composition, empirical formula can be derived as:
Element C H O
Weight % 69.77 11.63 18.60

L
Page number 22 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Mole % 5.81 11.63 1.1625(obtained by dividing from M)

Simple ratio 5 10 1
Hence, empirical formula is 𝐶5 𝐻10 𝑂 and empirical formula weight is 86
Since, empirical formula weight and molecular weight both are (86), empirical formula is
the molecular formula also.
Also, the compound does not reduce Fehling’s solution, therefore it is not an aldehyde,
but it forms bisulphite, it must be a ketone.
Also, it gives positive iodo-form test, it must be a methyl-1-ketone.
O
C3H7 – C – CH3
Based on the above information, the compound may be one of the following:
O CH3 O
CH3-CH2-CH2 – C – CH3 or CH3–CH – C – CH3

55. The density of a 3M sodium thiosulphate solution (Na2S2O3) is 1.25 g per ml.
Calculate (i) the percentage by weight of sodium thiosulphate
(ii) the mole fraction of sodium thiosulphate and
(iii) the molalities of Na+ and S2O32- (1983,5M)
Solution : (a) Let us consider 1.0 L solution for all the calculation.
(i) Weight of 1 L solution = 1250g
Weight of 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆2 𝑂3 =3 × 158 = 474g
474
 Weight percentage of 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆2 𝑂3 = 1250 × 100 = 37.92

(ii) weight of 𝐻2 𝑂 in 1 L solution = 1250 – 474 = 776g

3
Mole fraction of 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆2 𝑂3 = 776 = 0.065
3+
18

3×2
(iii) Molality of Na+ = 776 × 100 = 7.73 m

56. (a) 1.01 L of a mixture of CO and CO2 is taken. This mixture is passed through a tube
containing red hot charcoal. The volume now becomes 1.6L. The volume is measured
under the same conditions. Find the composition of mixture by volume.
(b) A compound contains 28 percent of nitrogen and 72 percent of a metal by weight.

L
Page number 23 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

3 atoms of metal combine with 2 atoms of nitrogen. Find the atomic weight of metal.
(1980, 5M)
Solution : (a) After passing through red-hot charcoal, following reaction occurs
C(s) + CO2(g) → 2CO(g)
If the 1.0 L original mixture contain x litre of CO2, after passing from tube containing
red-hot charcoal, the new volumes would be:
2𝑥 (volume of CO obtained from CO2) + 1 - 𝑥 (original CO) = 1 + 𝑥 = 1.6(given)
➔ x = 0.6
Hence, original 1.0L mixture has 0.4L CO and 0.6L of CO2 , i.e. 40% CO, 60% CO2 by volume.
(b) According to the given information, molecular formula of the compound is M3 N2 .
Also, 1.0 mole of compound has 28g of nitrogen. If X is the molar mass of compound,
then:
28
X × 100 = 28

 X = 100 = 3 × Atomic weight of M + 28

72
 Atomic weight of M = = 24
3

57. 5.00mL of a gas containing only carbon and hydrogen were mixed with an excess of
oxygen (30mL) and mixture exploded by means of electric spark. After explosion, the
volume of the mixed gases remaining was 25 mL.
On adding a concentrated solution of KOH, the volume further diminished to 15 mL, the
residual gas being pure oxygen. All volumes have been reduced to NTP. Calculate the
molecular formula of the hydrocarbon gas.
(1979,3M)
Solution: In the present case, V ∝ n (bcz all the volume are measured under identical
condition of temperature and pressure.) Hence, the reaction stoichiometry can be
solved using volume as:
y y
CX Hy (g) + (x + ) 𝑂2 −→ xCO2 (g) + H2 O(l)
4 2
Volume of CO2 gas + O2(remains unreacted ) = 25
=> volume of CO2 (g)produced = 10mL (15 mL O2 remaining )
1mL Cx Hy produces 5𝑥mL of CO2 = 10 mL

L
Page number 24 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

 x=2
y
Also, 1mL CxHy combines with (x + 4) mL of O2
y
5mL Cx Hy will combine with 5 (x + 4) mL of O2
y
 5(x + 4) = 15 (15 mL of O2 out of 30 mL)

 Y=4, here hydrocarbon is C2H4

58. In the analysis of 0.5 g sample of feldspar, a mixture of chlorides of sodium and
potassium is obtained, which weights 0.1180g. Subsequent treatment of the mixed
chlorides with silver nitrate gives 0.2451g silver chloride. What is the percentage of
sodium oxide and potassium oxide in the sample? (1979, 5M)
Solution : Oxides of sodium and potassium are converted into chlorides according to the
following reaction
Na2 O + 2HCl−→ 2NaCl + H2 O
K 2 O + 2HCl−→ 2KCl + H2 O
Finally, all the chlorides of Nacl and Kcl are converted into Agcl, hence
Moles of (NaCl + KCl) = moles of AgCl
(one moles of either NaCl or KCI gives one mole of AgCI.)
x 0.118−x 0.2451
=>58.5 + =
74.5 143.5

Solving for x = 0.0338 g (mass of NaCI)

=> Mass of KCI = 0.118 - 0.0338 = 0.0842
1
Also, moles of Na2O = 2 × moles of NaCI
1 0.0338
=>mass of N2 O = 2 × × 62 = 0.0179 g
58.5
1 0.0842
Similarly, mass of 𝐾2 O = 2 × × 94 = 0.053 g
74.5
0.0179
 Mass % of Na2 O = × 100 = 3.58%
0.5
0.053
 Mass % of K 2 O = × 100 = 10.6 %
0.5

59. The vapour density (hydrogen =1) of a mixture consisting of NO2 and N2O4 is 38.3 at
26.70C. Calculate the number of moles of NO2 in 100g of the mixture (1979, 5M)
Solution : From the vapour density information

L
Page number 25 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Molar mass = Vapour density × 2 ( bcz molar mass of 𝐻2 = 2)

= 38.3 × 2 = 76.6
Now, let us consider 1.0 mole of mixture and it contains x mole of NO2
 46x + 92(1 - x) = 76.6 => x = 0.3348
100
Also, in 100g mixture, number of moles = 76.6
100
 Moles of NO2 in mixture = 76.6 × 0.3348 = 0.437

60. Accounts for the following. Limit yours answer to two sentences, “Atomic weight of
most of the elements are fractional”. (1979,1M)
Solution : Most of the element found in nature exit as a mixture of isotopes whose atomic
weight are different. The atomic weight of an element is the average of atomic weight of
all its naturally isotopes.

61. Naturally occurring boron consists of two isotopes whose atomic weight are 10.01 and
11.01. The atomic weight of natural boron is 10.81. Calculate the percentage of each
isotope in natural boron. (1978,2M)
∑ Percentage of an isotopes × Atomic weight
Solution : Average atomic weight =
100
10.01𝑥 + 11.01(100−𝑥)
 10.8 = = 𝑥 = 20%
100
Therefore, natural boron contains 20% (10.01) isotopes and 80% other isotope.

Topic 2- Equivalent Concept, Neutralization and Redox Titration

Objective Question I (only one correct option)
1. An example of a disproportion reaction is (2019 main,12 April I)

(a) 2MnO-4 + 10I- + 16H+ → 2Mn2 + 5I2 + 8H2O

(b) 2NaBr + Cl2 → 2NaCl + Br2

(c) 2KMnO4 → K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
(d) 2CuBr → CuBr2 + Cu

L
Page number 26 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Solution : In disproportionation reaction, same elements undergoes oxidation as well as

reduction . For exp-
Reduction
+1 +2 0
2CuBr → CuBr2 + Cu
Oxidation

Here, CuBr get oxidized to CuBr2 and also it gets reduced to Cu. Other given reaction and
their types are given below.
Reduction
+7 +2 0
2MnO-4 + 10I + 16H+ → 2Mn+2 + 5I2 + 8H2O
Oxidation

In the given reaction, MnO-4 get oxidized to Mn2+ and I- get reduced to I2. It is an example of
redox reaction. The reaction takes place in acidic medium.
2KMnO4→ K2MnO4+MNO2+O2
The given reaction is an example of decomposition reaction. Here, one compound split
into two or more simpler compounds, at least one of which must be in elemental form.
2NaBr+CI2→ 2NaCI +Br2
The given reaction is an example of displacement reaction. In this reaction, an atom (or
ion)replaces the ion (or atom) of another element from a compound.

2. In an acid base titration, 0.1M HCL solution was added to the NaOH solution of unknown
strength. Which of the following correctly shown the change of pH of the titration
mixture in this experiment (2019 main, 9 April)

L
Page number 27 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

(a) (D) (b) (A) (c) (B) (d) (C)

Solution : The graph that shown the correct change of pH of the titration mixture in the
experiment is

In this case, both titrants are completely ionized.

HCl + NaOH ↔ NaCl + H2O

AS H+ is added to a basic solution, [OH-] decreases and [H+] increases. Therefore, pH goes on

decreasing. As the equivalence point is reached, [OH-] is rapidly reduced. After this point
[OH-] decreases rapidly and pH of solution remains fairly constant. Thus, there is an
inflexion point at the equivelence point.
The difference in the volume of NaOH solution between the end point and the equivelence
point is not significant for most of the commonly used indicators as there is a large
change in the pH value around the equivalence point. Most of them change their colour
across this pH change.

3. 0.27 g of a long chain fatty acid was dissolved in 100cm3 of hexane.10 mL of this solution
was added dropwise to the surface of water in a round watch glass. Hexane evaporates
and a monolayer is formed. The distance from edge to center of the watch glass is 10cm.
What is the height of the monolayer?
[Density of fatty acid =0.9cm-3; π=3] (2019 main, 8April II)
(a) 10-6m (b) 10-4 m (c) 10-8m (d) 10-2m
Solution : 100ml(cm3) of hexane contains 0.27g of fatty acid.
0.27
In 10ml of solution, mass of fatty acid, m = × 10 = 0.027g
100

Density of fatty acid, d = 0.9cm-3

𝑚 0.027
∴ Volume of fatty acid over the watch glass, V = = = 0.03cm3.
𝑑 0.9

Let, height of the cylindrical monolayer = h cm

... Volume of the cylinder = Volume of fatty acid

L
Page number 28 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

 V = 𝜋 r2 × h
𝑉 0.03𝑐𝑚3
 H = 𝜋 𝑟2 = = 1 × 10-4cm = 1 × 10-6 m
3 ×(10)2 𝑐𝑚2

4. To oxides a mixture of one mole of each of FeC2O4, Fe2(C2O4)3, FeSO4 and Fe2(SO4)3 in
acidic medium, the number of moles of KMnO4 required is (2019 main, 8April I)
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c)3 (d) 1.5
Solution : The oxidation of mixture of one mole of each FeC2O4, Fe2(C2O4)3, FeSO4 and
Fe2(SO4)3 in acidic medium with KMnO4 is as follows:
FeC2O4 + KMnO4 → Fe3+ + CO2 + Mn2+ ……..(i)
Fe2(C2O4)3 + KMnO4 → Fe3+ + CO2 + Mn2+……..(ii)
FeSO4 + KMnO4 → Fe3+ + SO2-4 + Mn2+ ……..(iii)
Change in oxidation number of Mn is 5. Change in oxidation number of Fe in (i), (ii), (iii) are
+3, +6, +1, respectively.
neq KMnO4 = neq[FeC2O4 + Fe2(C2O4)3 + FeSO4 ]
n × 5 = 1 × 3 +1 × 6 + 1× 1
n=2

5. 100mL of a water sample contains 0.81 g of calcium bicarbonate and 0.73 g of

magnesium bicarbonate. The hardness of this water sample expressed in term of
equivalent of CaCO3 is (molar mass of calcium bicarbonate is 162 gmol-1 and magnesium
bicarbonate is 146 g mol-1) (2019 main, 8 April l)
(a) 5,000ppm (b) 1,000ppm (c) 100ppm (d) 10,000ppm
Solution: Given, 𝑊Ca(HCO3)2 = 0.81g
𝑊Mg(HCO3)2 = 0.73g
𝑀Ca(HCO3)2 = 162 gmol-1
𝑀Mg(HCO3)2 = 146 mol-1

L
Page number 29 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

𝑉H2O = 100ml
Now, neq(CaCO3) = neq [Ca(HCO3)2] + neq[Mg(HCO3 )2]
W 0.81 0.73
×2= ×2+ ×2
100 162 146
W
= 0.005 + 0.005
100
W = 0.01 × 0.01 = 1
1
Thus, hardness of water sample = 100 × 106 = 10,000ppm

6. 50 mL of 0.5M oxalic acid is needed to neutralize 25 mL of sodium hydroxide solution.

The amount of NaOH in 50 mL of the given NaOH solution is (2019 main, 12 Jan l)
(a) 40g (b) 80g (c) 20g (d) 10g
Solution: The reaction takes place as follows
H2C2O4 + 2NaOH → Na2C2O4 + 2H2O
Now, 50ml of 0.5M H2C2O4 is needed to neutralize the 25ml of NaOH.
∴ Meq of H2C2O4 = Meq of NaOH
50 × 0.5 × 2 = 25 × MNaOH × 1
MNaOH = 2M
weight
number of moles moleculer mass
Now, molarity = =
volume of solution in l volume of solution in l
WNaOH 1000
2= ×
40 50
2 × 40 × 50
WNaOH = = 4g
1000
Thus (∗) none option is correct.

7. 25mL of the given HCl solution requires 30 mL of 0.1M sodium carbonate solution. What
is the volume of this HCl solution required to titrate 30 mL of 0.2M aqueous NaOH
solution? (2019 main 11 Jan ll)
(a) 75mL (b) 25mL (c) 12.5mL (d) 50mL
Solution: The reaction of HCl with Na2CO3 is as follows;
2HCl + Na2CO3 → 2NaCl +H2O + CO2
We know that, Meq of HCl = Meq of Na2CO3

L
Page number 30 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY
25 30
× 1 × MHCl = × 0.1 × 2
1000 1000
30×0.2 6
MHCl = = M
25 25

As the reaction of HCl with NaOH as follows,

NaOH + HCl → NaCl + H2O
Also, Meq of HCl = Meq of NaOH
6 V 30
× 1 × 1000 = × 0.2 × 1
25 1000

V = 25mL

8. In the reaction of oxalate with permanganate in acidic medium, the number of electrons
involved in producing one molecule of CO2 is (2019 main, 10 Jan l)
(a) 2 (b) 5 (c) 1 (d) 10
Solution: Reaction of oxalate with permanganate in acidic medium.

5C2O4-2 + MnO4- → 10CO2 + 2Mn+2 + 8H2O

n- factor; (4 - 3) × 2 = 23 (7 - 2) = 5
Number of mole; 5 2 10
 5C2O4-2 ions transfer 10e- to produce 10 molecules of CO2 is 10. Thus,
number of electrons involved in producing 1 molecule of CO2 is 1.

9. The ratio of mass of percent of C and H of an organic compound ( Cx Hy Oz) is 6 : 1. If one

molecule of the above compound (Cx Hy Oz) contains half as much oxygen as required to
burn one molecule of compound Cx Hy completely to CO2 and H2O. The empirical formula
of compound Cx Hy Oz is……. (2018 main)
(a) C3H6O3 (b) C2H4O (c) C3H4O2 (d) C2H4O3
Solution: We can calculate the simplest whole number ratio of C and H from the data given,
as shown below,
Element Relative mass Molar mass Relative mole Simplest whole number ratio

C 6 12 6 0.5
= 0.5 =1
12 0.5

H 1 1 1 1
=1 =2
1 0.5

L
Page number 31 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Alternatively, this ratio can also be calculated directly in the terms of x and y as,
12x 6
y
= 1 (given and molar mass of C = 12, H = 1)

Now, after calculating this ratio look for condition 2given in the question. i.e. quantity of O2
is half of the quantity required to burn one molecule of compound CxHy completely to
CO2 and H2O. We can calculate number of oxygen atoms from this as consider the
equation.
y y
Cx Hy + [x + 4] O2 → xCO2 + H2 O
2
y y
Number of oxygen atoms required = 2 × [x + 4] = [2x + 2]
1 y y
Now given, z = [2x + 2] = [x + 4]
2

Here we consider x and y as simplest ratios for C and H so now putting the values of x and y
in the above equation.
y 2
z = [x + ] = [1 + ] = 1.5
4 4
Thus, the simplest ratio figures for x, y and z are x = 1, y = 2, z = 1.5
Now put these values in the formula given, i.e., Cx Hy Oz = C1 H2 O1.5
So empirical formula will be [C1 H2 O1.5 ] × 2 = C2 H4 O3

10. An alkali is titrate against an acid with methyl orange as indicator, which of the following
is a correct combination ? (2018 main)
Base Acid End point
(a) Weak Strong Colorless to pink
(b) Strong Strong Pinkish red to yellow
(c) Weak Strong Yellow to pinkish red
(d) Strong Strong Pink to colorless
Solution : Methyl range shows pinkish colour towards more acidic medium and yellow
orange towards the basic or less acidic medium. Its working pH range is
↔ 3.9 − 4.5→
𝑝𝑖𝑛𝑘𝑖𝑠ℎ 𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑦𝑒𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑛𝑔𝑒

Weak base has the pH range greater than 7. When methyl orange is added to this weak base
solution it shows yellow orange its colour.

L
Page number 32 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Now when this solution is titrated against strong acid pH move towards more acidic range
and reached to end point near 3.9 where yellow orange colour of methyl orange colour
changes to pinkish red resulting to similar change in colour of solution as well.

11. From the following statement regarding H2O2 choose the incorrect statement (2015 main)
(a) It can only as an oxidizing agent (b) It decomposed on exposure to light
(c) It has to be stored in plastic or wax lined (d) It has to kept be away from dust
glass bottles in dark
Solution: H2O2 acts as an oxidizing as well as reducing agent, because oxidation number of
each oxygen in H2O2 is -1. So, it can be oxidized to oxidation state ‘0’ or reduced to
oxidation state -2.
H2O2 decomposes on exposure to light. So, it has to be stored in plastic or wax lined glass
bottles in dark for the prevention of exposure. It also had to be kept away from dust.

12. Consider a titration of potassium dichromate solution with acidified Mohr’s salt solution
using diphenylamine as indicator. The number of moles of Mohr’s salt required per mole
of dichromate is (2007,3M)
(a) 3 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 6
Solution: n-factor of dichromate is 6. Also, n-factor of Mohr’s salt is 1 as :
O.A
FeSO4 (NH4 )2 SO4 . 6H2 O(𝐌𝐨𝐡𝐫 ′ 𝐬 𝐬𝐚𝐥𝐭) → Fe+3

One mole ofdichromate = 6 equivalent of dichromate

∴ 6 equivalents of Mohr’s salt would be required.
Since n − factor of Mohr ′ s salt is 1, 6 equivalent of it would also be equal to 6 moles.
Hence, one mole of dichromate will oxidize 6 moles of Mohr’s salt.

13. In the standardization of Na2S2O3 using K2Cr2O7 by iodometry, the equivalent weight of

L
Page number 33 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

K2Cr2O7 is (2001,1M)
(a) (molecular weight)/2 (b) (molecular weight)/6
(c) (molecular weight)/3 (d) same as molecular weight
Solution: The following reaction occur between S2 O−2 −2
3 and Cr2 O7 ;

26H+ + 3S2 O−2 −2

3 + 4Cr2 O7 → 6SO−2 +3
4 + 8Cr + 13H2O

Change in oxidation number of Cr2 O−2 −2

7 per formula unit is 6 (it is always fixed for Cr2 O7 )
Moleculer weight
Hence, equivalent weight of K2Cr2O7 = 6

14. The reaction, 3ClO-(aq) → ClO3-(aq) + 2Cl-(aq) is an example of (2001)

(a) oxidation reaction (b) reduction reaction
(c) disproportionation reaction (d) decomposition reaction
Solution: It is an example of disproportionation reaction because the same species (ClO− )
Is being oxidized to ClO3− as well as reduced to Cl− .

15. An aqueous solution of 6.3 g oxalic acid dehydrate is made up to 250mL. The volume of
0.1n NaOH required to completely neutralize 10mL of this solution is (2001,1M)
(a) 40mL (b) 20mL (c) 10 mL (d) 4mL
Solution: Oxalic acid dihydrate H2C2O4.2H2O : mw = 126
It is a dibasic acid, hence equivalent weight = 63
6.3 1000
Normality = × = 0.4N
63 250

N 1V 1 = N 2V 2
0.1 × V1 = 0.4 × 10
Hence, V1 = 40ml.

16. Among the following, the species in the which the oxidation number of an element is + 6
(a) MnO-4 (b) Cr(CN)63- (c) NiF62- (d) CrO2Cl2 (2000)
Solution: In MnO−
4 , oxidation state Mn is +7

In Cr(CN)−3
6 , oxidation state of Cr is +3

In NiF6−2, Ni is in +4 oxidation sate.

In CrO2Cl2, oxidation sate of Cr is +6

L
Page number 34 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

17. The oxidation number of Sulphur in S8, S2 F2, H2S respectively, are (1999)
(a) 0, +1 and -2 (b) +2, +1 and -2 (c) 0, +1 and +2 (d) -2, +1 and -2
Solution: In S8, oxidation number of S is 0, elemental state.
In S2F2, F is in -1 oxidation state, hence S is in +1 oxidation state.
In H2S, H is in +1 oxidation state, hence S is in -2 oxidation state

18. The number of moles of KMnO4 that will be needed to react completely with one moles
of ferrous oxalate in acidic medium is (1997)
(a) 2/5 (b) 3/5 (c) 4/5 (d) 1
Solution: The balanced redox reaction is:
3MnO− +
4 + 5𝐹𝑒𝐶2 𝑂4 + 24𝐻 → 𝑀𝑛+2 + 5𝐹𝑒 2+ + 10𝐶𝑂2 + 10H2O
Here 5 moles of 𝐹𝑒𝐶2 𝑂4 requires 3 moles of KMnO4.
3
Therefore, 1 mole of 𝐹𝑒𝐶2 𝑂4 will require 5 mole of KMnO4.

19. The number of moles of KMnO4 that will be needed to react with one mole of sulphite
ion in acidic solution is (1997)
(a) 2/5 (b) 3/5 (c) 4/5 (d) 1
Solution: The balanced chemical reaction is:
2MnO− −2 +
4 + 5SO3 + 6𝐻 → 2Mn+2 + 5SO−2
4 +3 H2O

Here, 5moles of SO−2

3 reacts with 2 moles of KMnO4
2
Therefore, 1 moles of SO−2
3 will reacts with 5 mole of KMnO4.

20. For the redox reaction; MnO-4 + C2O2-4 + H+ → Mn2+ + CO2 + H2O
The correct coefficient of the reactants for the balanced reaction are (1992)
MnO4- C2O42- H+
(a) 2 5 16
(b) 16 5 2
(c) 5 16 2
(d) 2 16 5

L
Page number 35 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Solution: The balanced redox reaction is:

2MnO− −2 +
4 + 5𝐶2 𝑂4 + 16𝐻 → 2Mn+2 + 10CO2 + 16H2O
Hence, the coefficients of the reactants in balanced reaction are 2, 5 and 16 respectively.

21. The volume strength of 1.5N H2O2 is (1990, 1M)

(a) 4.8 (b) 8.4 (c) 3.0 (d) 8.0
Solution: Volume strength of H2O2 = Normality × 5.6 = 1.5 × 5.6 = 8.4V

22. The oxidation number of phosphorus in Ba(H2PO2)2 is (1988, 1M)

(a) +3 (b) +2 (c) +1 (d) -1
Solution: Ba(H2PO2)2, oxidation number of Ba is +2. Therefore,
H2P𝑂2− : 2 × (+1) + x + 2 × (−2) = −1
x = +1

23. Equivalent weight of MnSO4 is half of its molecular weight, when it convert to(1988,1M)
(a) Mn2O3 (b) MnO2 (c) MnO-4 (d) MnO42-
molar mass
Solution: Equivalent weight in redox system is defined as; E = n−factor

Here n-factor is the net change in oxidation number per formula unit of oxidizing or reducing
agent. In the present case, n-factor is 2 because equivalent weight is half of molecular
weight. Also,
1
n-factor MnSO4 → Mn2O3 1(+2→ + 3)
2

MnSO4 → MnO2 2(+2→ + 4)

MnSO4 → Mn𝑂4− 5(+2→ + 7)
MnSO4 → Mn𝑂42− 4(+2→ + 6)
Therefore MnSO4 converts to MnO2.

Objective Questions II (more than one correct option)

24. For the reaction, I- + ClO-3 + H2SO4 → Cl- + HSO-4 + I2
The correct statement(s) in the balanced equation is /are (2014 Adv)
(a) stoichiometric coefficient of HSO-4 is 6 (b) iodide is oxidized

L
Page number 36 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

(c) Sulphur is reduced (d) H2 is one of the products

Solution:
This problem includes concept of redox reaction consists of oxidation half-
cell reaction and reduction half-cell reaction. Write both half-cell reactions.
PLAN
i.e., oxidation half-cell reaction and reduction half-cell reaction. Then
balance both the equations
Now determine the correct value of stoichiometry of H2SO4.
▪ Oxidation half-cell reaction, 2𝐼 − → 𝐼2 + 2𝑒 − ….(i)
Here 𝐼 − is converted into I2. Oxidation number of I is increasing from –1 to 0. Hence , this is
a type of oxidation reaction.
▪ Reduction half-cell reaction, 6H+ + Cl𝑂3− + 6𝑒 − → 𝐶𝑙 − + 3𝐻2 𝑂 …….(ii)
➢ Here H2O releses as a product. Hence option D is correct.
Multiplying eq.(i), by 3 and adding in eq.(ii),
6𝐼 − + Cl𝑂3− + 6𝐻 + → 𝐶𝑙 − + 3𝐼2 + 3𝐻2 𝑂
6𝐼 − + Cl𝑂3− + 6𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 → 𝐶𝑙 − + 3𝐼2 + 3𝐻2 𝑂 + 6𝐻𝑆𝑂4−
➢ Stoichiometric coefficient of 𝐻𝑆𝑂4− is 6.
Hence option (a), (b), (d) are correct.

Numerical Value Based Questions

25. The ammonia prepared by treating ammonium sulphate with calcium hydroxide is
completely used by NiCl2.6H2O to form a stable coordination compound. Assume that
both reactions are 100% complete. If 1584 g of ammonium sulphate and 952 g of
NiCl2.6H2O are used in the preparation, the combined weight (in grams) of gypsum and
the nickel-ammonia coordination compound thus produced is ____
(Atomic weight in g mol-1:H = 1, N = 14, O = 16, S = 32, Cl = 35.5, Ca = 40, N I = 59)
(2018 Adv.)
Solution: Balanced equations of reactions used in the problem are as follows
(i) (𝑁𝐻4 )2 𝑆𝑂4 + 𝐶𝑎(𝑂𝐻)2 → 𝐶𝑎𝑆𝑂4 . 2𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝑁𝐻3
1mol 1mol 2mol
132g 172g (2×7)=34g

(ii) NiCl2.6H2O + 6NH3 → [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 + 6H2O

1mol 6mol 2mol

L
Page number 37 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY
238g 102g 232g

Now in eq (i), , if 1584g of ammonium sulphate is used

1584
i.e., 1584g (𝑁𝐻4 )2 𝑆𝑂4 = = 12𝑚𝑜𝑙
132

So according to eq(i), given above 12moles of (𝑁𝐻4 )2 𝑆𝑂4 produces

(a) 12 moles of gypsum
(b) 24 moles of ammonia
Here, 12 moles of gypsum = 12 × 172 = 2064g and 24 moles if NH3 = 24 × 17 = 408g
Further, as given in equation, 24 moles of NH3 produced in reaction (i) is completely utilized
by 952g of 4 moles of NiCl2.6H2O to produce 4 moles of [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 .
So, 4 moles of [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 = 4 × 232 = 928gms
Hence, total mass of gypsum and nickel ammonia coordination compound [Ni(NH3)6]Cl2 =
= 2064 + 928 = 2992

Assertion and Reason

Read the following questions and answer as per the direction given below:
(a) Statement I is true. Statement II is true: Statement II is the correct explanation of
Statement I.
(b) Statement I is true. Statement II is true:Statement II is not correct explanation of
Statement I.
(c) Statement I is true. Statement II is false.
(d) Statement I is false. Statement II is true.
26. Statement-I in the titration of Na2CO3 with HCl using methyl orange indicator, the
volume required at the equivalent point is twice that of the acid required
using phenolphthalein indicator.
Statement II Two moles of HCl required for the complete neutralization of one mole
of Na2CO3. (1991,2M)
Solution: Both assertion and reason are factually true but the reason does not exactly
explain the assertion. The correct explanation is methyl orange and phenolphthalein
change their colour at different pH.

L
Page number 38 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY
Fill in the Blank
27. The compound YBa2Cu3O7, which shows super conductivity, has copper in oxidation
state……………Assume that the rare earth element yttrium is in its usual +3 oxidation
state. (1994,1M)
7
Solution: If x is the oxidation state of Cu then: 3 + 2 × 2 + 3x + 7 × (-2) = 0, 𝑥 = 3

Integer Answer Type Questions

28. The difference in the oxidation of the 2 type of Sulphur atoms in Na2S4O6 is (2011)
Solution: Na2S4O6 is a salt of H2S4O6 which has the following structure.
O O
HO – S – S(0) – S(0) – S – OH
O O
O.S of terminal S atom is +5. So, dfference in oxidation number of two types of S= 5

29. Among the following, the number of elements showing only one non -zero oxidation
state is O, CI, F, N, P, Sn, TI, Na, Ti (2010)
Solution: Only F and Na shows only one non-zero oxidation state.
O = 𝑂− , 𝑂−2 , 𝑂+2
Cl = -1 to +7
N = -3 to +5
P = -3 to +5
Sn = +2, +4
Tl = +1, +3(rare but does exis)
Ti = +2, +3, +4

30. A student performs a titration with different burettes and finds titrate values of
25.2mL, 25.25mL and 25.0mL. The number of significant figures in the average
titrate value is (2010)
Solution: Average titrate value is 25.15, but the number of significant figure cannot be
greater than the same in either of them being manipulated.

L
Page number 39 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

Subjective Questions
31. Calculate the amount of calcium oxide required when it reacts with 852g of P4O10.
(2005,2M)
Solution: The balanced reaction is, 6𝐶𝑎𝑂 + 𝑃4 𝑂10 → 2𝐶𝑎3 (𝑃𝑂4 )2
852
Moles of P4O10 = 284 = 3

Moles of CaO required = 3 × 6 = 18

Mass of CaO required = 18 × 56 = 1008g

32. H2O2 solution (20mL) reacts quantitatively with the solution of KMnO4(20mL)
acidified with dilute H2SO4. The same volume of the KMnO4 solution is just
decolorized by 10mL of MnSO4 in neutral medium simultaneously forming a dark
brown precipitate of hydrated MnO2. The brown precipitate is dissolved in 10mL of
0.2M sodium oxalate under b-p condition in the presence of dil,H2SO4. Write the
balanced equation of the reactions & calculate the molarity of H2O2. (2001)
Solution: Meq of oxalate = 10 × 0.2 × 2 = 4
Meq of MnO2 formed = Meq of oxalate = 4
Meq of KMnO4 in 20ml = 4
Normality of H2O2 × 20 = 4
Normality of H2O2 = 0.20N
0.20
Molarity of H2O2 = = 0.10𝑀
2

The balanced reactions are,

2KMnO4 + 5H2O2 + 3H2SO4 → 2MnSO4 + 5O2 + K2SO4 + 8H2O
MnO2 + Na2C2O4 + 2H2SO4 → MnSO4 + Na2SO4 + 2CO2 + 2H2O

33. How many milliliters of 0.5M H2SO4 are needed to dissolve 0.5 g of copper(II)
carbonate ? (1999,3M)
Solution :The balanced chemical reaction is
CuCO3 + 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 −→ 𝐶𝑢𝑆𝑜4 + 𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐶𝑂2
0.5×1000
millimol of CuCO3 = = 4.048
123.5

L
Page number 40 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

 millimole of 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 required = 4.048

millimol = Molarity × volume (in mL)
4.048
Volume = = 8.096𝑚𝐿
0.50

34. An aqueous solution containing 0.10g KIO3(formula weight = 214.0)was treated

with an excess of KI solution. The solution was acidified with HCl. The liberated I2
consumed 45.0 mL of thiosulphate solution decolorize the blue starch-iodine
complex. Calculate the molarity of the sodium thiosulphate solution. (1998,5M)
Solution: The redox reaction involved are
𝐼𝑂3− + 5𝐼 − + 6𝐻 + −→ 3𝐼2 + 3𝐻2 𝑂
𝐼2 + 2𝑆2 𝑂3−2 −→ 2𝐼 − + 𝑆4 𝑂2− 6
0.1
millimol of KIO3 used = × 1000 = 0.467
214
 millimol of I2 formed =3 × 0.467 = 1.4
 millimol of Na2S2O3 consumed = 2×1.4 = 2.8
2.8
 Molarity of Na2S2O3 = 45 = 0.062 𝑀

35. To a 25mL H2O2 solution, excess of acidified solution of potassium iodide was
added. The iodine liberated required 20mL of 0.3N sodium-thiosulphate solution.
Calculate the volume strength of H2O2 solution. (1997,5M)
Solution :Meq of 𝐻2 𝑂2 = 𝑀𝑒𝑞 𝑜𝑓 𝑁𝑎2 𝑆2 𝑂3 = Meq of I2
If N is normality of 𝐻2 𝑂2 , 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑛
𝑁 × 25 = 0.3 𝑋20
𝑁 = 0.24
=> 𝑣𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = 𝑁 × 5.6 = 1.334 𝑉

36. A 3.00g sample containing Fe3O4, Fe2O3 and an inert impure substance, is treated
with excess of KI solution in presence of dilute H2S04.The entire iron is converted
into Fe2+ along with the liberation of iodine. The resulting solution is dilute to
100mL. A 20 mL of the dilute solution is requiring 11.0mL of 0.5M Na2S2O3 solution
to reduce the iodine present. A 50mL of the dilute solution, after complete

L
Page number 41 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

extraction of the iodine required 12.80mL of 0.25 M KMNO4 solution in dilute H2SO4
medium for the oxidation of Fe2+. Calculate the percentage of Fe2O3 and Fe3O4 in
the original sample. (1996,5M)
𝐒𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
∶ Let the riginal sample contain 𝑥 millimol of Fe3 O4 𝑎𝑛𝑑 y millimol of Fe2 O34 .
In the first phase of reaction ,
Fe3 O4 + I− −→ 3Fe2 + I2 (n factor of Fe3 O4 = 2)
Fe2 O3 + I− −→ 2Fe2 + I2 (n factor of Fe2 O3 = 2)
 Meq of I2 formed = Meq (Fe3O4 + Fe2O3) = Meq of hypo required
=> 2x + 2y = 11×0.5×5 = 27.5 ……..(i)
Now, total millimol of Fe2+ formed = 3x + 2y.
+ + +
In the reaction, Fe2 + Mn𝑂4− + 𝐻 + −→ F𝑒 3 + 𝑀𝑛2
+
n − factor of Fe2 = 1

 Meq of MnO4- = Meq of Fe 2+

 3x + 2y = 12.8 × 0.25 × 5 × 2 = 32 …… (ii)

Solving equation (i) and (ii) we get, x = 4.5, y = 9.25
4.5
Mass of Fe3 O4 = 1000 × 232 = 1.044g
1.044
% mass of Fe3 O4 = × 100 = 34.80%
3
9.25
Mass of Fe3 O4 = 1000 × 160 = 1.48
1.48
% mass of Fe3 O4 = × 100 = 49.33%
3

37. A 20.0 cm3 mixture of CO, CH4 and He gas is exploded by an electric discharge at
room temperature with excess of oxygen. The volume contraction is found to be
13.0cm3. A further contraction of 14.0cm3 occurs when the residual gas is treated
with KOH solution. Find out the composition of gaseous mixture in terms of volume
percentage, (1995,4M)
Solution: The reaction involved in the explosion process is
1
CO(g)xmL + O2x mL (g)−→ CO2 (g)xmL
2 2
CH4 (g)ymL + 2O2 (g)2ymL −→ CO2 (g)ymL + 2H2 O(I)

L
Page number 42 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY
x
The 1st step volume contraction can be calculated as (x + 2 + y + 2y) − (x + y) = 13

=> x + 4y = 26 … . . (i)
=> The second volume contraction is due to absorbtion of CO2 ,
Hence, x + y = 14 … … (ii)
Now, solving equation (i)and (ii)
x = 10mL, y = 4mL and volume of He = 20 − 14 = 6 mL
10
=> vol % of CO = × 100 = 50%
20
4
Vol % of CH4 = × 100 = 20%
20
Vol % of He = 30%

38. A 5.0 cm3 solution of H2O2 liberates 0.508 g of iodine from an acidified KI solution.
Calculate the strength of H2O2 solution in terms of volume strength at STP.
(1995,3M)
Solution :The redox reaction involved is :
𝐻2 𝑂2 + 2𝐼 − + 2𝐻 + −→ 2𝐻2 𝑂 + 𝐼2
If the M is molarity of H2 O2 solution, then,
0.508 ×1000
5M = (bcz 1 mole H2 O2 ≡ 1 mole I2 )
254

 M = 0.4
Also, n-factor of 𝐻2 𝑂2 is 2, therefore normality of 𝐻2 𝑂2 solution is 0.8N.
Volume strength = Normality × 5.6 = 0.8 × 5.6 = 4.48V

39. One gram of commercial AgNO3 is dissolved in 50mL of water. It is treated with
50mL of a KI solution. The silver iodide thus precipitated is filtered off. Excess of KI in
the filtrate is titrated with (M/10) KIO3 solution in presence of 6M HCl till I- ions are
converted into ICI. It requires 50mL of (M/10)KIO3 solution, 20mL of same stock
solution of KI requires 30mL of (M/10)KIO3 under similar conditions. Calculate the
percentage of AgNO3 in the sample. (1992,4M)
Reaction KIO3 + 2KI + 6HCI → 3ICI + 3KCI + 3H2O
Solution: The reaction is, KIO3 + 2KI + 6HCI → 3ICI + 3KCI + 3H2 O

L
Page number 43 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

𝐾𝐼𝑂3required for 20mL original KI solution = 3 millimol

 7.5 millimol 𝐾𝐼𝑂3 would be required for original 50 mL KI.
 𝑜𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 50mL KI solution contain 15 millimol of KI.
After AgNO3 treatment 5 millimol of KIO3 is required, i.e. 10millimol KI is remaining.
 5 millimol KI reacted with 5 millimol of 𝐴𝑔𝑁𝑂3 .
5
 Mass of 𝐴𝑔𝑁𝑂3 = 1000 × 170 = 0.85g

Mass percentage of 𝐴𝑔𝑁𝑂3 = 85%

40. A 2.0g sample of a mixture containing sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and
sulphate is gently heated till the evolution of CO2 ceases. The volume of CO2 at
750mm Hg pressure and at 298 K is measured to be 123.9mL A 1.5g complete
neutralization. Calculate the percentage composition of the components of the
mixture. (1992,5M)
Solution : CO2 is evolved due to following reaction:
2NaHCO3 → Na2 CO3 + H2 O + CO2
pV 750 123.9 1
moles of CO2 produced = RT = 760 × 1000 × 0.082×298 = 5 × 10-3

 moles of NaHCO3 in 2g sample = 2 × 5 × 10−3 = 0.01

0.01
 Millimol of NaHCO3 in 1.5g sample = × 1.5 × 1000 = 7.5
2

Let the 1.5g sample contain x millimol Na2 CO3, then

2x + 7.5 = millimol of HCI = 15
 X = 3.75
7.5×84
 Mass of NaHCO3 = = 0.63g
1000
3.75×106
 Mass of Na2 CO3 = = 0.3975g
1000
0.63
 % mass of NaHCO3 = 1.50 × 100 = 42%
0.3975
 % mass of Na2 CO3 = × 100 = 26.5%
1.5

41. A 1.0 g sample of Fe2O3 solid of 55. 2% purity is dissolved in acid and reduced by
heating the solution with zinc dust. The resultant solution is cooled and made up to
100.0mL. An aliquot of 25.0mL of this solution requires for titration. Calculate the

L
Page number 44 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

number of electrons taken up by the oxidant the reaction of the above titration.
(1991,4M)
Solution: Mass of F e2 O3 =0.552g
0.552
Millimol of Fe2 O3 = × 1000 = 3.45
160

During treatment with Zn-dust, all Fe3+ is reduced to Fe2+ ,

Hence, millimol of Fe2+ (in 100mL) = 3.45×2 = 6.90
6.90
 In 25mL aliquot, = 1.725 millimol Fe2+ ion.
4

Finally, Fe2+ is oxidised to Fe3+ , liberating one electron per Fe2+ ion. Therefore, total
electrons taken up by oxidant: = 1.725 × 10−3 × 6.023 × 1023 = 1.04 × 1021

42. A solution of 0.2 g of a compound containing Cu2+ and C2O2-4 ions on titration
with 0.02 M KMnO4 in the presence of H2SO4 consumes 22.6 mL of the oxidant. The
solution is neutralized with Na2CO3, acidified with the dilute acetic acid and with
excess KI. The liberated iodine requires 11.3 mL of 0.05 M Na2S2O3 solution for
complete reduction. Find the out the mole ratio of cu2+ to C202-4 in the compound.
Write down the balanced redox reactions involved in the above titrations. (1991,5M)
Solution: With 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 , oxalate ion is oxidized only as:
5C2 O2− − + 2+
4 + 2MnO4 + 16H → 2Mn 10CO2 + 8H2 O

Let, in the given mass of compound, x millimol of C2 O2−

4 ion is present, then

Meq of C2 O2− −
4 = Meq of MnO4

 2x = 0.02×5×22.6 => x = 1.13

At the later stage, with I− , Cu2+ is reduced as:
2Cu2+ + 4I − → 2CuI + I2
and I2 + 2S2 O2− − 2−
3 → 2I + S4 O6

Let there be x millimol of Cu2+

 Meq of Cu2+ = Meq of I2 = meq of hypo
 x = 11.3 X 0.05 = 0.565
 Moles of Cu2+ : moles of C2 O2−
4 = 0.565 ∶ 1.13 = 1 ∶ 2

43. A mixture of H2C2O4 (oxalic acid) and NaHC2O4 weighing 0.02 gas was dissolved in
water and solution made up to one liter. Ten milliliters of the solution required

L
Page number 45 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

3.0mL of 0.1 N sodium hydroxide solution for complete the neutralization. In another
experiment, 10.0mL of the same solution, in hot dilute Sulphuric acid medium,
required 4.0 mL of 0.1N potassium permanganate solution for example reaction.
Calculate the amount of H2C2O4 and NaHC2O4 in the mixture. (1990,5M)
Solution: Let us consider 10mL of the stock solution contain x millimol oxalic and
H2 C2 O4 and y millimol of NaHC2 O4
When titrated against NaOH, basicity of oxalic acid is 2 while that of 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶2 𝑂4 𝑖𝑠 1.
 2𝑥 + y = 3 X 0.1 = 0.3 …(i)
When titrated against acidic KMnO4 , n −factors of both oxalic acid and 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶2 𝑂4
would be 2.
 2𝑥 + 2y = 4 X 0.1 = 0.4 …(ii)
Solving equations (i) and (ii) gives
Y = 0.1, x = 0.1
0.1
In 1.0L solution, mole of 𝐻2 𝐶2 𝑂4 = 1000 × 100 = 0.01
0.1
Mole of 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶2 𝑂4 = 1000 × 100 = 0.01

 Mass of 𝐻2 𝐶2 𝑂4= 90 × 0.01=0.9g

 Mass of 𝑁𝑎𝐻𝐶2 𝑂4 =112 × 0.01=1.12g

44. An organic compound X on analysis gives 24.24 percent carbon and 4.04 percent
hydrogen. Further, sodium extract of 1.0g of X gives 2.90g of silver chloride with
acidified silver nitrate solution. The compound X may be represented by two
isomeric structure Y and Z. Y on treatment with aqueous potassium hydroxide
solution gives a dihydroxy compound while Z on similar treatment gives ethanal. Find
out the molecular formula of X and gives the structure of Y and Z. (1989, 5M)
35.5
Solution :Mass of chlorine in 1.0gx =143.5 × 2.9 = 0.717g

Now, the empirical formula can be derived as:

C H Cl
% Wt 24.24 4.04 71.72
Mole 2 4 2
Simple ratio 1 2 1
 Empirical formula=CH2 CI
Because X can be represented by two formula of which one gives a dihydroxy

L
Page number 46 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

compound with KOH indicates that X has two chlorine atoms per molecule.
 X = C2 H4 CI2 with two of its structural isomers.
CI − CH2 − CH2 − CI and CH3 − ChCI2
I II
On treatment with KOH, I will give ethane-1,2-diol, hence it is Y,Z on treatment with KOH
will give ethanol as, CICH2 CH2 CI + OH − → C H2 − C H2 (Y)
| |
OH OH
−H2 O
CH3 CHCI2 + KOH → CH3 CH (OH)2 → CH3 CHO (Z)
unstable

45. An equal volume of reducing agent is treated separately with 1M KMnO4 in acid,
neutral and alkaline medium. The volume of KMnO4 required are 20mL in acid, 33.3
mL in neutral and 100mL in alkaline media. Find out the oxidation state of
manganese in each reduction product. Give the balanced equation for all the three-
half reaction. Find out the volume of 1M K2Cr2O7 consumed, if the same volume of
the reducing agent is titrated in acid medium (1989,5M)
Solution: Let the n-factor of 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 in acid, neutral and alkaline media are N1 , N2 and N3
respectively. Also, same volumes of reducing agent is used every time, same number
of equivalents of 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 would be required every time.
100 5
 20N1 = N2 = 100N3 => N1 = 3 N2 = 5N3
3

Also, n-factors are all integer and greater than or equal to one but less than6,
𝑁3 must be 1.
 𝑁1 = 5, 𝑁2 = 3
In acid medium 𝑀𝑛𝑂4− → 𝑀𝑛2+
In neutral medium 𝑀𝑛𝑂4− → 𝑀𝑛4+
In alkaline medium 𝑀𝑛𝑂4− → 𝑀𝑛6+
 Meq of 𝐾2 𝐶𝑟2 𝑂7 required =100
 100 = 1×6×V (n-factor =6)
 V = 100/6 = 16.67 mL

46. A sample of hydrazine sulphate (N2H6SO4) was dissolved in 100mL of water , 10mL
of this solution was reacted with excess of ferric chloride solution and warmed to
completed the reaction .Ferrous ion formed was estimated and it required 20 mL of

L
Page number 47 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

M/50 potassium permanganate solution. Estimate the amount of hydrazine sulphate

in one liter of the solution.
Reaction 4Fe3+ + N2H4 → N2 + 4Fe2+ + 4H+

MnO4-+ 5 Fe2+ + 8H+ → Mn2+ + 5Fe3+ + 4H2O (1988,3M)

1
Solution :Meq of 𝑀𝑛𝑂4− required = 20 × 5 × 5 = 2

 Meq of 𝐹𝑒 2+ present in solution = 2

 Millimol of 𝐹𝑒 2+ present in solution = 2 (n-factor=1)
Also,
4 millimol of 𝐹𝑒 2+ are formed from 1 millimol𝑁2 𝐻4
1 1
∴ 2millimol 𝐹𝑒 2+ 𝑓𝑟𝑜𝑚 4 × 2 = 2 millimol 𝑁2 𝐻4
1 1 1
Therefore, molarity of hydrazine sulphate solution= 2 𝑋 10 = 20
1
 In 1 L solution 20 𝑚𝑜𝑙 𝑁2 𝐻6 𝑆𝑂4 is present.
1
 Amount of 𝑁2 𝐻6 𝑆𝑂4 = 20 × 130 = 6.5 𝑔𝐿−1

47. 5mL of 8N nitric acid, 4.8mL of 5N hydrochloric acid and a certain volume of 1 M
sulphuric acid and made up to 2L. 30mL of this acid mixture exactly neutralize
42.9mL of sodium carbonate solution containing one gram of Na2CO3.10H2O in
100mL of water. Calculate the amount in gram of the sulphate ions in solution
(1958,4M)
Solution: Molecular weight of 𝑁𝑎2 𝐶𝑂3 . 10𝐻2 𝑂 = 286
1 1000
 Molarity of carbonate solution =286 × = 0.035
100

 Normality of carbonate solution = 2 × 0.035 = 0.07 N

8×5
In acid solution : Normality of 𝐻𝑁𝑂3 = 2000 = 0.02
5×4.8
Normality of HCI = = 0.012
2000

Let normality of 𝐻2 𝑆𝑂4 in final solution be N.

 (N + 0.02 + 0.012) × 30 = 0.07 × 42.9
 N = 0.0681
 Gram equivalent of 𝑆𝑂42− in 2 L solution = 2 × 0.0681
=0.1362
96
 Mass of 𝑆𝑂42− in solution =0.1362 × 2
= 6.5376g

L
Page number 48 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

48. 2.68 X 10-3 moles of solution containing an ions An+ requires 1.61 X 10-3 moles of
MnO-4 for the oxidation of An+ to AO3- in acidic medium. What is the value of n?
(1984,2 m)
Solution: For the oxidation of 𝐴𝑛+ as:
𝐴𝑛+ → 𝐴𝑂3− n-factor = 5 - n
 𝑔𝑟𝑎𝑚 𝑒𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝐴𝑛+ = 2.68 × 10−3 (5 − 𝑛)
Now equating the above gram equivalent with gram equivalent of 𝐾𝑀𝑛𝑂4 :
= 2.68 × 10−3 (5 − 𝑛) = 1.61 × 10−3 × 5
➔ n = +2

49. 4.08 g of a mixture of BaO and unknown carbonate MCO3 was heated strongly. The
residue weight 3.64 g. This was dissolved in 100mL of 1N HCl. The excess acid required
16 mL of 2.5 N NaoH solution for complete neutralization. Identify the metal M.
(1983,4M)
Solution: During heating 𝑀𝐶𝑂3 is converted into MO liberating 𝐶𝑂2 while BaO is
remaining unreacted:
heat
MCO3(S) → MO(S) + CO2 (g) ↑ 0.44g = 0.01 mol
BaO(s) BaO(s)
4.08g 3.64g
From the decomposition information, it can be deduced that the original mixture
contained 0.01 mole of MCO3 and the solid residue, obtained after hearing,
contain 0.01 mole (10 millimol) of MO.
Also, millimol of HCI taken initially = 100
Millimol of NaOH used in back-titration = 16 × 2.5 = 40
 Millimol of HCI reacted with Oxide residue = 60
HCI reacts with oxides as:
MO + 2HCI → MCI2 + H2 O
10 millimol 20 millimol

BaO + 2HCI → BaCI2 + H2 O

60 – 20 = 40 millimol
Therefore, the residue contain 20 millimol of BaO
Also, molar mass of BaO = 138 + 16 = 154
154×20
 Mass of BaO = = 3.08g
1000

 Mass of MCO3 = 4.08 - 3.08 = 1.0g

L
Page number 49 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971
 SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY

0.01 mole of MCO3 weight 1.0g

1mole of MCO3 = 100g
 100 = (Atomic weight of metal) + (12 + 3 x 16)
Atomic weight of metal = 40, i.e. Ca

WHATS UP US FOR MORE NOTES AND TEST PAPERS-9844532971

Greetings from Active site edutech
Create your own brand with copyrights free materials.
Don't go for old copy
Updated 2020 study material ENGLISH, HINDI, TAMIL MEDIUM with your branding.
1) Foundation 6 to 10 with ppts
2) CBSE 6 to 12 study materia*
3) 11 &12th NEET and JEE materials & test papers (soft copy, printed copy)
Each topic contains
1) Detailed theory (session wise)
2) 1000mcqs per chapter (student copy +review copy)
3) 3-chapter wise papers
4) power point presentation*
5) PCMB power point presentation
6) 1.38lakh PCMB mcqs with solutions
7) *KVPY* *NTSE* materials
8) Android app &website* for online platform
9) School and students’ accessories
10) Education related software’s with Active serial* key

Text us for details and sample sets

https://wa.me/919844532971

L
Page number 50 Gmail: [email protected]
For any queries Contact No. : 9844532971