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2 Acceleration

The document discusses kinematics concepts including acceleration, velocity, position, and constant acceleration formulas. It defines acceleration as the rate of change of velocity, provides the acceleration equation, and discusses the signs and interpretations of position, velocity, and acceleration. Examples are given to demonstrate calculating acceleration, velocity, displacement, and average velocity in situations involving constant acceleration.

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Jeffrey Piggott
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43 views12 pages

2 Acceleration

The document discusses kinematics concepts including acceleration, velocity, position, and constant acceleration formulas. It defines acceleration as the rate of change of velocity, provides the acceleration equation, and discusses the signs and interpretations of position, velocity, and acceleration. Examples are given to demonstrate calculating acceleration, velocity, displacement, and average velocity in situations involving constant acceleration.

Uploaded by

Jeffrey Piggott
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Kinema'cs


accelera'on

Accelera'on

•  Accelera'on,
a
=
rate
of
change
of
velocity.


•  a
=
accelera'on
[m/s2]
 v − v0
•  v
=
velocity
[m/s]
 a=
•  v0=
ini'al
velocity
[m/s]

•  t
=
'me
[sec]

t

•  Other
units
for
a
=
[?/sec2],
[mph/sec]

•  Tool
=
accelerometer

€
Intui'ons

•  Cruise
at
constant
velocity 
 
a
=
0

•  Increase
velocity
 
 
 
 
 
a
=
(+)

•  Decrease
velocity 
 
 
 
 
a
=
(‐)

•  Accelera'on
tells
us
the
behavior
of
the
dial

on
the
speedometer.




Ex:
If
a
=
5
mph/sec,
the
speedometer
dial
is

jumping
up
in
chunks
of
5
mph.

If
a
=
‐15

mph/sec,
the
dial
is
dropping
in
chunks
of
‐15

mph
each
second.

Signs:
Posi'on

•  Only
depend
upon
present
loca'on.


Cartesian
coordinate
system:

X
Axis:
 
Located
right
of
origin
 
 
 
x
=
(+)


 
 
Located
le?
of
origin 
 
 
 
x
=
(‐)

Y
Axis:
 
Located
above
ground 
 
 
y
=
(+)


 
 
Located
under
ground
 
 
 
y
=
(‐)

Signs:
Velocity

•  Only
depends
upon
present
direc'on
of

mo'on

X
Axis: 
Going
right 
 
 
vx
=
(+)



 
 
Going
le?

 
 
 
vx
=
(‐)


Y
Axis: 
Going
up 
 
 
 
vy
=
(+)





 
 
Going
down 
 
 
vy
=
(‐)

Signs:
Accelera'on

•  If
the
velocity
is
(+),


–  Pick
up
speed:
a
=
(+)

–  Lose
speed:
a
=
(‐)


•  If
the
velocity
is
(‐),

–  Pick
up
speed:
a
=
(‐)

–  Lose
speed:
a
=
(+)

v − v0
Examples
 a=
t
•  Find
a: 
Pick
up
speed, 
 
0
to
60
mph
in
4
sec


€
•  Find
a:
 
Pick
up
speed
, 
 
0
to
‐60
mph
in
4
sec


•  Braking
to
stop

x
=
 
 
y
=
 
 
vx= 
 
vy= 
 
ax= 
 
ay=


A?er
a
ball
leaves
our
hand,
on
its
ver'cal

path,
it
slows
down,
stops
at
the
top,
then

picks
up
speed
on
the
way
down.


Going
Up
 
 
 
 
At
Top 
 
 
 
 
 
Coming
Down



Kinema'cs
With
Constant
Accelera'on

•  Note
=
the
speed
changes
smoothly

•  Displacement,
S‐S0,
is
the
change
in
our

posi'on.

•  Basic
Formulas

s − s0 = v t
v − v0 x − x0 = vx t
a= v + v0
v= y − y0 = vy t
t 2

€
Ex:
A
biker
is
traveling
E
at
6
m/s.

He

accelerates
at
2
m/s2
for
10
s.

What
is
his
final

velocity?


What
is
the
area
under
the
curve
of
an

accelera'on
vs.
'me
graph?

Elaine
accelerates
her
F‐16
jet
from
0
to
120

m/s
in
5
seconds.

Find:

a)  Her
accelera'on


b)  The
speed
at
each
instant


c)  Average
velocity
for
the
en're
trip


d)  Displacement
for
the
en're
trip

Elaine
lands
her
jet
at
120
m/s
and
accelerates

at
‐20
m/s2.

Find:

a)  Her
speed
at
each
instant


b)  Time
to
stop:


c)  Average
velocity
to
stop


d)  Displacement
to
stop


e)  Average
velocity
for
the
first
five
seconds


f)  Displacement
in
those
five
seconds


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