LDICA LAB PROJECT REPORT

On

AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT USING IC 555

Submitted

in the partial fulfillment of the

requirements for the award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY

In

ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINERRING

By

N.VENKAT (18311A04AG)

P.PRUTHVIK (18311A04AP)

L.DHANUSH (18311A04Z2)

Under the guidance of

Dr.SI KHAN

Assistant Professor, ECE Department

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering

2020-2021

1
CONTENTS Page.No

1. Abstract 2
2. Introduction 2
3. Components used 2
4. Circuit diagram 3
5. Block diagram 3
6. Operation 4
7. Output 4
8. Observation Explanation 6
9. Result 6
10. Conclusion 6
11. References 6
ABSTRACT:
Automatic Street Light Control System is a simple yet powerful concept, which uses
transistor as a switch. By using this system manual works are 100% removed. It
automatically switches ON lights when the sunlight goes below the visible region of our eyes.
This is done by a sensor called Light Dependant Resistor (LDR) which senses the light
actually like our eyes. It automatically switches OFF lights whenever the sunlight comes,
visible to our eyes. By using this system energy consumption is also reduced because
nowadays the manually operated street lights are not switched off even the sunlight comes
and also switched on earlier before sunset. In this project, no need of manual operation like
ON time and OFF time setting. This project clearly demonstrates the working of IC 555
timer. The working of relay is also known.
INTRODUCTION:
Street lighting provides a safe night time environment for all road users including pedestrians.
Research indicates that night-time vehicular accidents are significantly reduced by provision
of street lighting. It also helps to reduce the fear of crime, and encourages social inclusion by
providing an environment in which people feel they can walk in hours of darkness. Providing
street lighting is one of the most important and expensive responsibilities of a city. Lighting
can account for 10-38% of the total energy bill in typical cities worldwide. Street lighting is a
particularly critical concern for public authorities in developing countries because of its
strategic importance for economic and social stability. Inefficient lighting wastes significant
financial resources each year, and poor lighting creates unsafe conditions. Energy efficient
technologies and design can cut street lighting costs dramatically (often by 25-60%). The
main consideration in the present field technologies are Automation, Power consumption and
cost effectiveness. Automation is intended to reduce man power with the help of intelligent
systems. Power saving is the main consideration forever as the sources of the power are
getting diminished due to various reasons. The main aim of this project is Automatic Street
power saving system with LDR this is to save the power. We want to save power
automatically instead of doing manual. So, it’s easy to cost effectiveness. This saved power
can be used in some other cases. So, in villages, towns etc. we can design intelligent systems
for the usage of street lights. This project Automatic Street Light Control System can be
implemented by four different ways: by using transistors, by using CMOS ICs and by using
IC555 timer [1]. Here, we will implement this project by using 555 timers IC. Other basic
components which we used are power supply, Light Dependent Resistor (LDR), Relay and
Light emitting diodes (LEDs) which we are using in place of a light bulb.

COMPONENTS USED:
1. 555 Timer IC
2. LDR
3. LED
4. Potentiometer
5. Resistor 1* 1k ohm
6. Resistor 1* 220 ohm
7. 9V Battery
8. Breadboard
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM:

BLOCK DIAGRAM:

INDICATOR

IC555 SWITCHING
LDR
TIMER
CIRCUIT

LOAD
(STREET LIGHT)
OPERATION:
In this circuit we have set reference voltages of comparators by using potentiometer, we can
say this sensitivity of the circuit. Comparator is configured in non – inverting mode. In this
system we have placed laser light and LDR facing each other, so laser light continuously falls
on LDR. 555 timer IC is the main part of the circuit that works as a comparator. All the
working of this circuit depends on the working of the 555 timers IC. To know more about
555 timer IC in this circuit pin, 3 produce output which has just two stage high and low.
Output goes to high when trigger pin is at a lower level than the 1/3 rd level of the power
supply voltage and output goes low when trigger pin 2 is at above then 1/3 rd of the power
supply voltage. In this circuit pin, 4, 6, and 8 are connected to the power supply. Here we use
LDR to detect the presence of light which is formed a potential divider circuit with the help
of 1k ohms resistor. LDR is a special type of resistor whose value depends on the light. The
output of this divider circuit is given to trigger pin of the 555 timer IC.
In this circuit, we use a simple LED to know the whole circuit works. You can also connect
as multiple led as you want by using the transistor or you can connect a relay to control high
voltage electrical bulbs. You must use caution while connecting Relay to this circuit because
its circuit because its may be danger and as different bulb have different wattages.
So we applied output of comparator at trigger pin of 555 timer. Even comparator’s output is
HIGH when laser light falls on LDR so at this buzzer and LED as deactivated. When
someone crosses the laser light due to this LDR lost the laser light and generates a different
potential difference across the same comparator terminal. Then comparator generates an
output as LOW. Due to this LOW signal 555 timer gets a LOW trigger pulse and activates
buzzer and LED for a time periods that is defined by R1 and C1 at 555 timer circuit.

OUTPUT:
OBSERVATION EXPLANATION:
First, the op- Amp circuit acts as a comparator i.e., it compares the voltages at the inverting
and non – inverting terminals and produces an output accordingly. The LDR – 10K ohm
resistor voltage divider is connected to the non – inverting terminal of Op- Amp and a POT is
connected to the inverting terminal. Assume, the laser pointer is placed directly in line of
sight to the LDR and the light from the laser is continuously being incident on LDR in this
situation, the resistance of LDR falls down to few Ohms (or tens of Ohms) and as result the
voltage at the non- inverting terminal will be less than that at the inverting voltage. The
output of the Op- Amp is low and transistor is OFF.
The 555 timer time calculation formula is mono-stable mode is:
Time period T is given by:
T=1.1*R1*C1
Where T is time in seconds, R1 is resistance in ohm and C1 is capacitor in farads
To demonstrate this project, we have used a small toy laser light.

RESULT:
The main objective of this project was to reduce the power consumption of street lights by
avoiding inefficient lighting which wastes significant financial resources each year. This is
done by using Automatic Street Light Control System. So, the ambiance of light is checked
and lights are turned ON when it is dark and turned OFF during the day. This project is
implemented by using 555 timers IC, LDR and relay. So when light is present LDR detects
and circuit is in the OFF state. LEDs which we are used as load don’t show any output. But in
reverse when darkness appears LDR works in ON state and complete circuit work. LEDs
shows output which are attached with the relay.

CONCLUSION:
This project is aimed at designing and implementation of an automatic system in the streets.
This project can be implemented on large scale. It requires the initial cost only for designing
and installation and not for utilization. Hence, such systems are very useful for the
government to reduce the utilization of electric power. Therefore, such systems are once
implemented on a large scale can bring significant reduction of the power consumption
caused by street lights. This initiative will help the government to save this energy and meet
the domestic and industrial needs.

REFERENCES:
 http://homemadecircuitsandschematics.blogspot.com/2012/01/how-tomake-light-
activated-day-night.html
 http://www.scribd.com/doc/115004345/Qa-00177-Automatic-StreetLight-Control
 http://www.reuk.co.uk/Light-Dependent-Resistor.html
 http://www.reuk.co.uk/Light-Dependent-Resistor.html