AGGREGATE IMPACT VALUE

IS 2386 P'art 4- 196.)

AIM
is defined as the
evalate the toughness of stone which
This test is
desigmed to

resistance offered to fraNTure under impact

APPARATUS
Impact Testing Machine

with internal diameter 75 mm and depth S0 mn

2 Cylindrical metal measure

230mun long and rounded

Tarmping rod of circular cross-section 1Omm diameterand
at one end
Digital Balance sensitive up to 0. Ig

10mm& 2.36mm
IS Sieves of size 12.Smm.
of lD0
to maintain a temperaturC
Awell ventilated oven thernmostatically controlled

to I 10°C

Iumpact Value Testing Machine

Fig.4.5 Aggregate

APPARATUS

The apparatus shall consist of the following

Total weight not more than 60kg nor less han 45kg.
The machine shall have a metal base weigBhing between 22 and 30 kg with a plane

lower surface of not less than 30 cm diameter, and shall be supported un a level and

33
 lloor at least 45 cm thick. The machine shall be
concrete or stone block or
plane
it to the block or floor or by supporting i
prevented from rocking either by fixing
into the surface of the block or floor.
on a level and plane metal plate cast
A cylindrical steel cup ofinternal dimensions.
Diameter 102 mm

Depth 50 mm
And not less than 6.3 mm thick with its inner surface case - hardened, that can

rigidly fastened at the centre of the base and easily removed for emptying.
A metal cup or hammer weighing 13.5 to 14.0 kg. The lower end of which shall be
IV.

100 in diameter and 5 dm long, with 2- mm chamfer at

cylindrical in shape, mm a

the lower edge, and case hardened. The hammer shall slide freely between vertical

guides so aranged that the lower (cylindrical) part of the hammer is above and

concentric with the cup.

V. Means for raising the hammer and allowing it to fall freely between the vertical
guides from a height of 380 +5.0mm on to the test sample in the cup, and means for

adjusting the height of fall within 5 mm.

Vi. Means for supporting the hammer while fastening or removing the cup.

PROCEDURE

. The test sample shall consist of aggregate the whole of which passes a 12.5 mm IS
sieve and is retained on a 10 mm sieve. The aggregate comprising the test sample
shall be dried in an oven for a period of four hours at a temperature of i00 to I 10

°C and cooled.

2 The measure shall be filled about one-third with the aggregate and tanmped with 25

strokes of the rounded end of the tamping rod.

3. Further similar quantity of aggregate shall be added and a further tamping of 25

strokes is given. The measure shall finally be filled to overflowing, tamped 25 times

and the surplus aggregat struck off, using the tamping rod as a straight -edge. The

net weight of aggregate in the measure shall be determined to the nearest gram

(weight A) and this weight of aggregate shall be used for the duplicate test on the

same material.

34
4. The impact machine shall rest without wedging or packing upon the level plate. block
or floor, so that it is rigid and the hammer guide columns are vertical.
5. The cup shall be fixed firmly in position on the base of the machine and the whole of
the test sample placed in it and compacted by a single tamping of 25 strokes of the

tamping rod.
6. The hammer shall be raised until its lower face is 380 mm above the upper surface of
the aggregate in the cup, and allowed to fall freely on to the aggregate. The test

sample shall be subjected to a total of 15 such blows each being delivered at an

interval of not less than one second.

7. The crushed aggregate shall then be removed from the cup and the whole of it sieved

one minute. The

on the 2.36 mm sieve until no further significant amount passes in
The
fraction the sieve shall be weighed to an accuracy of 0.1 g (weight B).
passing
fraction retained on the sieve shall also be weighed (weight C) and, if the total weight

than gram. the result

(B+C) is less than the initial weight (Weight A) by
more one

shall be discarded and a fresh test made. Two tests shall be made.

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

Empty weight of the cylinder (Wi)

Weight of cylinder + aggregate (w)
Weight of aggregate (w,) W2- W
F
2.36 mm sieve (w,)
Weight of aggregate passing through
retained on 2.36mm sieve (we)
Weight of aggregates
Wb
Aggregate impact value = 100
W

RESULTS

The impact value of given aggregate

CONCLUSION
exceed 30% for aggregate to be used
in
The aggregate impact value should
not normally
45% by weight for aggregates used for
wearing course of pavements and shall not exceed

concrete other than for wearing surfaces.

35
 AGGREGATE CRUSHING VALUE
(IS 2386 Part 4)

AIM

To determine the Strength of the aggregate using crushing test.

APPARATUS

1. Compression testing machine

2. Tamping rod of 16mm diameter and 60cm long, rounded at one end.
3. IS Sieves of size12.5mm, 10mm and 2.36mm
4. Digital balance sensitive upto g
5. 150mm diameter cylindrical cell with base plate and plunger.

PROCEDURE
. Take the sample passing through 12.5 mm sieve and retained on 10 mm sieve.
2. The aggregate shall be tested in a surface dry condition. Dried by heating, the

period of drying shall not exceed four hours, the temperature shall be 100 to 110 °C
and the aggregate shall be cooled to room temperature before testing
3. The aggregate is filled into standard eylinder in 3 layers.
4 Each layer is tamped 25 times with a tamping rod and cylinder is leveled with

straight edge.
5. The weight of sample contained in a cylinder is measured.
6. The filled cylinder is put in position on the base plate and plunger is inserted
horizontally at the surface.

7. The entire set up is placed in compression testing machine and load is applied
uniformly at the rate at 40tonnes (400 KN) in not more than 10 minutes.
8. The whole of aggregate is removed and sieved on 2.36 mm IS sieve,
9 The fraction passing through 2.36 mm sieve is weighed.

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

36
Weight of standard cylinder (w)
Weight of cylinder + aggregate (wz)
Weight of aggregate (W,) = W2 WI

Weight of aggregate Passing through 2.36 mm IS sieve (W)

Weight of aggregate retained on 2.36 mm sieve (W)

Aggregate Crushing Value = Wa 10o

RESULT
Aggregate crushing value ofthe given sample is. /%.

CONCLUSION

The aggregate crushing value for good quality aggregate to be used for concrete
other than wearing surfaces shall not exceed 45% and the value for surface course shall

be with in 30%.

31
 ABRASION VALUE
LOS ANGELES
(IS 2386 PART 4- 1963)

AIM

hardness of aggregate.
To find the resistance to wear or

both abrasion and

and pounding action simulate the field conditions when
Rubbing
impact occur.

APPARATUS

Los Angeles machine

both ends, having an inside
Consists of a hollow stcel cylinder, closed at

Diameter 700 mm

Inside length 500 mm

Cylinder rotates about its axis in a horizontal position

Abrasion Testing Machine

Los Angeles

An opening in the eylinder shall be provided for the introduction of the test sample.

The opening shall be closed dust-tight with a removable cover bolted in place.
A removable steel shelf, projecting radially 88 mm into the cylinder and extending its ful

length
The position of the shelf shall be such that the distance from the shelf to the opening,

the circumferernce of the cylinder in the direction of rotation, shall be not

measured along
less than 1250 mm.

38
 18 m
Abrasive charge shall consist of cast iron spheres or steel spheres approximately
300 and 445 g.
in diameter and each weighing hetw en

shall be as lollows
depending upon the grading ofthe test sample
The abrasive charge.

for different grades

Table I Abrasive charge

in (g)
Number of Spheres Weight of Charge
Grading 5000 + 25
12
4584 25
11
B
3330 + 20

2500+ 15
D
5000 + 25
12
5000 + 25
12
5000 + 25
12
G

Table I Gradings of test samples

for grade
Weight in grams ofthe test sample
Sieve size (mm)
G
C D E
Retained
Passing A
(mm) (mm) 2500
80 63
2500
b 50
5000 5000
50 40 5000
5000
1250
40 5000
1250
25 20
12.5 1250 2500
20
1250 2500
12.5 10
2500
10 6.3
2500
6.3 4.75
5000
4.75 2.36
Tolerance of 2 percent perniled.

39
PROCEDURE
The test sample shall consist of clean
aggregate which has been dried in an oven at
105 to 110 °C to
substantially constant
weight and shall conform to one of the
gradings shown in the table l1. The
grading or gradings used shall be those most
nearly representing the aggregate furnished for the
work.
2 The test
sample and the abrasive
charge shall be
placed in the Los Angeles abrasion
testing machine and the machine rolated at a
speed of 20 to 33 rev/min.
For gradings A,B.C and
D, the machine shall be rotated
for 500 revolutions
4. For gradings E,F and G, it shall be rotated for
1000 revolutions.
5. At the
completion the test, the material shall be
of
material sieved on 1.7 mm IS
discharged from the machine and
sieve.
6. The material coarser than
the 1.7 mm IS sieve shall be
washed and dried in an oven
at 105 to 110 °C to a
substantially constant weight, and accurately weighed to the
nearest gram.

OBSERVATIONS & CALULATIONS

Total weight of the sample taken
Weight of the sample retained on 1.7 mm sieve =
Percentage wear Original weight - weight of the sample retalned on 1.7 mm sleve
original weight of the sample 100

RESULT

Percentage of wear of the given sample =

CONCLUSION
For wearing surface the percentage of wear shall not exceed 30% and for purpose
other than wearing surface the percentage of wear shall not exceed 50 %.

40
 SHAPE TESTS ON
AGGREGATE
(IS: 2386 Part 1 1963) -

A. FLAKINESS INDEX

AIM
To determine the flakiness index of coarse
aggregate
APPARATUS
1. Thickness gauge

2. Digital Balance

. IS Sieves

THEORY

The flakiness index of aggregate is the percentage by weight of particles in it.

whose least dimension is less than 0.6 times mean dimension. It is not applicable to size
less than 6.3 mm.

These s1zes maTkcd on gaugC

10.80
to 63
13 S0
25 -
19. 50 315 10 25

27.04

All dimersions n mililieires 1 . 6 mm Thick MS Sheet

Rolled Over Bnin ¢ Bur

Thickness Gauge

PROCEDURE
Take sufficient quantity of aggregate such that a minimum number of 200 pieces of
i.

any fraction can be tested.

Sieve the aggregate with the sieve sizes 63 mm, 50 mm, 40 mm, 31.5 mm, 25 mm,
i.
20 mm, l6 mm, 12.5 mm, 10 mm and 6.3 mm.

41
 metal gauge.
thickness on the
for
is gauged in
turn
of at
Each fraction is taken to
an accuracy
ii. the gauge
amount of aggregate passing
Weight of total
V.
sample.
least 0.1% of weight ofthe passing through
various gauge

weight of the material

Flakiness index is the total taken.
the total weight of sample
V.
as a percentage of
thickness expressed

OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS

the
Weight passing through
Wt. of aggregate thickness gauge (g)
Sieve Size Designation

63 mm-50 mm

50 mm-40 mm

40 mm-31.5 mm

31.5 mm-25 mm

25 mm-20 mm

20 mm-16 mm

l6 mm-12.5 mm

12.5 mm-10 mm

10 mm-6.3 mm

Total

through Thickness guage

Flakiness index =
"elgnt oj aggregates passing x 100
Total weight of agrregates

RESULTS

The flakiness Index of sample =

CONCLUSION

The flakiness index of aggregate used in building constructions is less than 15%.

42
 B. ELONGATION INDEX

AIM
aggreyate.
To determine the elongation index of

APPARATUS

. Elongation gauge
the weight of the test sanple
Balance accurate to 0.I percent of
2. Digital
3. Sieves

16 20
Passing IS sieve
10 12.51
1620 25
Retained ISsieve 6.3 10 125

202 324405 -5.5-

AR énenons io oilineren

Elongation Gauge

THEORY
of particles whose greatest
aggregate is
the percentage by weight
index of on
Elongation applicable to sizZe
times
dimension. It is not
is greater than 1.8
mean
dimension (length)
less than 6.3 mm.

Procedure

43
 through the sieve sizes 63mm, 50
Take sufticient quantity of aggregate and sieve
10 and 6.3 mm to
25 20 mm. 16 mm, 12.5 mm. mm
mm. 40 mm. 31.5 mm. mm,

fraction to be tested.
provide a minimum number of 200 pieces of any
of metal length gauge of pattern
each fraction individually for
a length a
i. Gauge
shown.
least .1
retained by the length gauge to an accuracy of at
ii. Weigh the total amount

percent of the weight of the test sample.

material retained on various length
total weight of the
IV. The elongation index is the
total weight of the test sample.
as a percentage of the
gauges expressed

O B S E R V A T I O N S AND CALCULATIONNS

Weight retained on Weight of aggregate

Retaining on
Passing of retained on length
IS Sieve No. each sieve (g)
IS Sieve No.
gauge (g)
40 mm
50 mm
31.5 mmm
40 mm
25 mm
31.5 mm

25 mm
20 mm

16 mm
20 mm
12.5 mm
16 mm

12.5 mm
10 mm

6.3 mm
10 mm
Total weight

length guage 100

weight of aggregates retalned on the
Total aggregates
Total weight of
Elongation Index

Results

The elongation
index ofthe given aggregate

A4