Minnesota Academic Standards in Mathematics

NUMBER & OPERATION

Whole Number: Operations
Grades K-5
K 1 2
Use objects and pictures to represent Use a variety of models and strategies to solve addition and Demonstrate mastery of addition and subtraction
situations involving combining and subtraction problems in real-world and mathematical contexts. basic facts; add and subtract one- and two-digit
separating. numbers in real-world and mathematical problems.
1.1.2.1 Use words, pictures, objects, length-based models
K.1.2.1 Use objects and draw pictures to (connecting cubes), numerals and number lines to model and 2.1.2.1 Use strategies to generate addition and
find the sums and differences of numbers solve addition and subtraction problems in part-part-total, adding subtraction facts including making tens, fact families,
between 0 and 10. to, taking away from and comparing situations. doubles plus or minus one, counting on, counting back,
K.1.2.2 Compose and decompose numbers 1.1.2.2 Compose and decompose numbers up to 12 with an and the commutative and associative properties. Use
up to 10 with objects and pictures. emphasis on making ten. the relationship between addition and subtraction to
1.1.2.3 Recognize the relationship between counting and addition generate basic facts.
and subtraction. Skip count by 2s, 5s, and 10s. 2.1.2.2 Demonstrate fluency with basic addition facts
and related subtraction facts.
2.1.2.3 Estimate sums and differences up to 100.
2.1.2.4 Use mental strategies and algorithms based on
knowledge of place value and equality to add and
subtract two-digit numbers. Strategies may include
decomposition, expanded notation, and partial sums
and differences.
2.1.2.5 Solve real-world and mathematical addition
and subtraction problems involving whole numbers
with up to 2 digits.
2.1.2.6 Use addition and subtraction to create and
obtain information from tables, bar graphs and tally
charts.

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 Minnesota Academic Standards in Mathematics

NUMBER & OPERATION

Whole Number: Operations
Grades K-5
3 4 5
Add and subtract multi-digit whole numbers; Demonstrate mastery of multiplication and division basic Divide multi-digit numbers; solve real-world and
represent multiplication and division in various facts; multiply multi-digit numbers; solve real-world and mathematical problems using arithmetic.
ways; solve real-world and mathematical problems mathematical problems using arithmetic.
using arithmetic. 5.1.1.1 Divide multi-digit numbers, using
4.1.1.1 Demonstrate fluency with multiplication and division efficient and generalizable procedures, based on
3.1.2.1 Add and subtract multi-digit numbers, using facts. knowledge of place value, including standard
efficient and generalizable procedures based on 4.1.1.2 Use an understanding of place value to multiply a algorithms. Recognize that quotients can be
knowledge of place value, including standard number by 10, 100 and 1000. represented in a variety of ways, including a
algorithms. 4.1.1.3 Multiply multi-digit numbers, using efficient and whole number with a remainder, a fraction or
3.1.2.2 Use addition and subtraction to solve generalizable procedures, based on knowledge of place value, mixed number, or a decimal.
real-world and mathematical problems involving including standard algorithms. 5.1.1.2 Consider the context in which a problem
whole numbers. Use various strategies, including the 4.1.1.4 Estimate products and quotients of multi-digit whole is situated to select the most useful form of the
relationship between addition and subtraction, the numbers by using rounding, benchmarks and place value to quotient for the solution and use the context to
use of technology, and the context of the problem to assess the reasonableness of results. interpret the quotient appropriately.
assess the reasonableness of results. 4.1.1.5 Solve multi-step real-world and mathematical 5.1.1.3 Estimate solutions to arithmetic
3.1.2.3 Represent multiplication facts by using a problems requiring the use of addition, subtraction and problems in order to assess the reasonableness
variety of approaches, such as repeated addition, multiplication of multi-digit whole numbers. Use various of results.
equal-sized groups, arrays, area models, equal jumps strategies, including the relationship between operations, the 5.1.1.4 Solve real-world and mathematical
on a number line and skip counting. Represent use of technology, and the context of the problem to assess problems requiring addition, subtraction,
division facts by using a variety of approaches, such the reasonableness of results. multiplication and division of multi-digit whole
as repeated subtraction, equal sharing and forming 4.1.1.6 Use strategies and algorithms based on knowledge of numbers. Use various strategies, including the
equal groups. Recognize the relationship between place value, equality and properties of operations to divide inverse relationships between operations, the
multiplication and division. multi-digit whole numbers by one- or two-digit numbers. use of technology, and the context of the
3.1.2.4 Solve real-world and mathematical problems Strategies may include mental strategies, partial quotients, the problem to assess the reasonableness of results.
involving multiplication and division, including both commutative, associative, and distributive properties and
"how many in each group" and "how many groups" repeated subtraction.
division problems.
3.1.2.5 Use strategies and algorithms based on
knowledge of place value, equality and properties of
addition and multiplication to multiply a two- or
three-digit number by a one-digit number. Strategies
may include mental strategies, partial products, the
standard algorithm, and the commutative,
associative, and distributive properties.

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