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Lecture - 5 Variable Valve Timing

Variable valve timing has the task of setting the most advantageous valve timing for different engine operating modes such as idle, maximum power, torque, and exhaust gas recirculation. It works by adjusting the timing of the intake and exhaust valves using methods like VVTi which adjusts the relationship between the camshaft drive and intake camshaft using oil pressure, and i-VTEC which adjusts both timing and lift of the intake valves between 25-50 degrees using an oil-driven adjustable cam gear controlled by the engine computer. Variable valve timing technologies aim to optimize engine performance factors like torque output, efficiency, and emissions.

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Muhammad Saqib
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182 views

Lecture - 5 Variable Valve Timing

Variable valve timing has the task of setting the most advantageous valve timing for different engine operating modes such as idle, maximum power, torque, and exhaust gas recirculation. It works by adjusting the timing of the intake and exhaust valves using methods like VVTi which adjusts the relationship between the camshaft drive and intake camshaft using oil pressure, and i-VTEC which adjusts both timing and lift of the intake valves between 25-50 degrees using an oil-driven adjustable cam gear controlled by the engine computer. Variable valve timing technologies aim to optimize engine performance factors like torque output, efficiency, and emissions.

Uploaded by

Muhammad Saqib
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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VARIABLE VALVE TIMING

Valvetrain
A valve train or valvetrain is a device that controls the
operation of the valves.
A traditional reciprocating internal combustion engine
uses valves to control air and fuel flow into and out of the
cylinders, facilitating combustion.
Overhead Valvetrain (OHV)
Overhead Cam (OHC)
Valvetrain Timing Diagram
Electronic Fuel Injection (EFI)
Fuel injection is a system for admitting fuel into an
internal combustion engine. It has become the primary
fuel delivery system used in automotive engines, having
replaced carburetors.
The primary difference between carburetors and fuel
injection is that fuel injection atomizes the fuel by forcibly
pumping it through a small nozzle under high pressure,
while a carburetor relies on suction created by intake air
rushing through a Venturi tube to draw the fuel into the
airstream.
Electronic Fuel Injector
Objective of EFI System
Power output
Fuel efficiency
Emissions performance
Ability to accommodate alternative fuels
Reliability
Drivability and smooth operation
Initial cost
Maintenance cost
Diagnostic capability
Range of environmental operation
Engine tuning
Electronic Control Module (ECM)
An engine control unit (ECU) is a type of electronic control unit that controls a
series of actuators on an internal combustion engine to ensure the optimum running.
Working of ECU are followings,

✔ Control of Air/Fuel Ratio


✔ Control of Ignition Timing
✔ Control of Idle Speed
✔ Control of Variable Timing
✔ Water Temperature Correction
ECM & VVT
ECM & VVT
TASK OF VARIABLE VALVE TIMING

Variable valve timing has the task of setting the most


advantageous valve timing for the particular
engine for the operating modes,

Idle
Maximum power
Torque
Exhaust gas recirculation.
Working Principle
In an automobile engine the intake and exhaust valves move
on a camshaft. The timing, lift and duration of the valve are
determined by the shape of the lobes that make the shaft
move. Timing refers to an angle measurement of when a valve
is opened or closed with respect to the piston position and lift
refers to how much the valve is opened.
i-VTEC uses not only timing but also the lift aspect of the
valves, while VVTi uses only the timing aspect. The
technology that uses timing and lift aspect developed by
Toyota is called VVTL-i and can be equated with that of
i-VTEC of Honda.
IDLE
POWER
TORQUE
EXHAUST GAS RECIRCULATION
Terminologies
Intelligent-VTEC (Variable Valve Timing and Lift
Electronic Control).
VVTi (Variable Valve Timing with intelligence).
VTEC MECHANISM
Variable Valve Timing
i-VTEC
Honda introduced i-VTEC technology in Honda's K-series
four cylinder engine family in 2001. With this technology
The intake camshaft is capable of advancing between 25
and 50 degrees when the engine is running.
Phase changes are implemented by a computer controlled,
oil driven adjustable cam gear.
Phasing is determined by a combination of engine load and
rpm, ranging from fully retarded at idle to some what
advanced at full throttle and low RPM.
The effect is further optimization of torque output,
especially at low and midrange RPM.
Valve lift and duration is still limited to distinct low- and
high-RPM profiles.
VVTi
Toyota introduced VVT-i in 1996. With this
technology,
The timing of the intake valves varies by adjusting the
relationship between the camshaft drive and intake
camshaft.
Engine oil pressure is applied to an actuator to adjust
the camshaft position.
Adjustments in the overlap time between the exhaust
valve closing and intake valve opening results in
improved engine efficiency.
VVTi Mechanism
Advance
Retard
Dual VVT-i
The Dual VVT-i system adjusts timing on both intake
and exhaust camshafts.
By adjusting the valve timing, engine start and stop
occurs almost unnoticeably at minimum compression.
VVT-iE
VVT-iE (Variable Valve Timing - intelligent by Electric
motor) is a version of Dual VVT-i that uses an
electrically operated actuator to adjust and maintain
intake camshaft timing.
The exhaust camshaft timing is still controlled using a
hydraulic actuator.
COMPARISON CHART
VTEC VVT-i

It is a valve train system to


It varies the timing of the intake
improve the volumetric
valves by adjusting the
efficiency of a four-stroke
Working principle: relationship between the camshaft
internal combustion engine. It
drive and intake camshaft. Does
not only varies the timing but
not lift the valves.
also lift the valves.

Launched: 1983 1996

intelligent-VTEC (Variable
Variable Valve Timing with
Stands for: Valve Timing and Lift Electronic
intelligence
Control)

Developed by: Honda Toyota


End of Lecture

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