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DC Motor Characteristic-1

1. DC shunt motors produce torque linearly proportional to armature current and can generate moderate starting torque. 2. DC series motors produce torque proportional to the square of the armature current, allowing them to produce high starting torque. However, they can overspeed under light loads. 3. DC compound motors combine characteristics of shunt and series motors. Cumulative compound motors can produce high starting torque without overspeeding under light loads, making them suitable for many applications.

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Maysara Balaki
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67 views12 pages

DC Motor Characteristic-1

1. DC shunt motors produce torque linearly proportional to armature current and can generate moderate starting torque. 2. DC series motors produce torque proportional to the square of the armature current, allowing them to produce high starting torque. However, they can overspeed under light loads. 3. DC compound motors combine characteristics of shunt and series motors. Cumulative compound motors can produce high starting torque without overspeeding under light loads, making them suitable for many applications.

Uploaded by

Maysara Balaki
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Dc motor

characteristic
UNIVERSITY OF MOSUL
COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING
MECHATRONICS DEPARTMENT

AUTUMN 2020-2021
Characteristics of DC Shunt Motor
Torque – Armature current characteristics

Speed ,torque
, current Ta=K*Ia

The equation represents a straight line, passing through the origin as shown in the figure. Torque
increases linearily with armature current. It is seen that armature current is decided by the load, So as
load increases >> Armature current increases >> Increasing the torque developed linearly.

To generate high starting torque, this type of motor requires a large value of armature current at the
start. This may damage the motor hence d.c. shunt motors can develop moderate starting torque and
hence suitable for such applications where starting torque requirement is moderate
Speed – Armature current Characteristics
N-Ia
N1
Ia1-Ia

Speed regulation =(speed


noload-speed
fuulload)/speed noload
Speed – Torque Characteristics
N_Ta

T= P/w
T=torque
P=power
W=2*pi*N/60
Pi=3.14

o from these 2 equations, we can conclude that Speed and Torque both has a linear relationship. This
characteristics is similar to speed – Armature current characteristics.
Characteristics of DC Series Motor
Torque – Armature current Characteristics

In the case of a series motor, the series field winding is carrying the entire armature current. So
flux produced is proportional to the armature current.

the torque in the case of a series


motor is proportional to the
square of the armature current.
This relation is parabolic in
nature as shown in the figure.
As load increases, armature current increases and torque produced increases proportional to the
square of the armature current up to a certain limit.
As the entire Armature current passes through the series field, there is a property of an electromagnet
called saturation, may occur. Saturation means though the current through the winding
increases, the flux produced remains constant. Hence after saturation, the characteristics take the
shape of the straight line as flux becomes constant.

These types of motors can produce high


torque for a small amount of armature
current hence series motor is suitable for the
applications which demand high starting
torque.
Speed – Armature current Characteristics
N_Ia
Speed – Torque Characteristics

Thus as torque increases when load increases, the speed decreases. On no load, torque is very less
and hence speed increases to dangerously high value.
Why Series motor is
never started on No
load?
Characteristics of DC Compound Motor

Compound motor characteristics basically depend on the fact whether the motor is cumulatively
compound or differential compound. All the characteristics of the compound motor are the
combination of the shunt and series characteristics.
A cumulative compound motor is capable of developing a large amount of torque at low speed
just like a series motor. However, it is not having a disadvantage of the series motor even at
the light or no load.
So cumulative compound motor can run at a reasonable speed and will not run with dangerously
high speed like series motor, on light or no-load condition.
In a differential compound motor, as two fluxes oppose each other, the resultant flux decreases
as load increases, thus the machine runs at a higher speed with an increase in load.

This property is dangerous as on full load, the motor may try to run
with dangerously high speed. So the differential compound motor is
generally not used in practice.
The exact shape of these characteristics depends on the relative contribution of series and shunt
field windings. If the shunt field winding is more dominant then the characteristics take the
shape of the shunt motor characteristics. While if the series field winding is more dominant then
the characteristics take the shape of the series characteristics.

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