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Lec 3-Economic Dispatch of A Power System

The document discusses economic dispatch of power systems to minimize operating costs. It describes: 1) How economic dispatch considers the efficiencies, fuel costs, and transmission losses of generators to determine the minimum cost generation output levels. 2) How heat rate curves and fuel cost curves are used to model the operating costs of thermal plants based on their real power output. 3) The economic dispatch model that neglects transmission losses and generator limits to calculate the optimal dispatch and marginal cost. 4) How generator limits are incorporated into the economic dispatch model through inequality constraints.

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جلال محسن
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103 views16 pages

Lec 3-Economic Dispatch of A Power System

The document discusses economic dispatch of power systems to minimize operating costs. It describes: 1) How economic dispatch considers the efficiencies, fuel costs, and transmission losses of generators to determine the minimum cost generation output levels. 2) How heat rate curves and fuel cost curves are used to model the operating costs of thermal plants based on their real power output. 3) The economic dispatch model that neglects transmission losses and generator limits to calculate the optimal dispatch and marginal cost. 4) How generator limits are incorporated into the economic dispatch model through inequality constraints.

Uploaded by

جلال محسن
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Power System Analysis I

Economic dispatch of a power system:


Operation Cost of thermal Plant:
The factors influencing power generation at minimum cost are operating efficiencies of generators,
fuel cost, and transmission losses. The problem is to determine the generation of different plants such
that the total operating cost is to minimum. The operating cost plays an important role in the economic
scheduling.
The input to the thermal plant is generally measured in Btu/h, and the output is measured in MW.

Converting the heat-rate curve from Btu/h to $/h results in the fuel cost curve
The fuel cost of generator i can be represented as a quadrature function of real power generation

The incremental fuel cost curve can be obtain by plotting the derivative of the fuel-cost curve
versus the real power.
Economic Dispatch Neglecting Losses and No Generator limits
the transmission lines losses are neglected, then the model dose not consider system configuration
and line impedances.
The first condition results in

Since

The second condition results in


When the loss is considered an iterative search produces here. The better value of λ is obtained
by extrapolation and the solution continues until ∆Pi is within specified accuracy
Example 1: the fuel cost functions for three thermal plants in $/h are given by

Where P1, P2, and P3 are in MW. The total load PD is 800 Mw. Neglecting line losses and generator limits, find the
optimal dispatch and the total cost in $/h.

Or:

Then P1 = 400 MW, P2 = 250 MW, P3 = 150 MW, λ = 8.5 $/ MWh


the fuel cost is
Economic Dispatch Neglecting losses and Including Generator Limits

Where Pi(min) and Pi(max) are the minimum and maximum generating limits respectively for
plant i.

Example 2: find the optimal dispatch and total cost in $/h for thermal plants of example 1 when the
total load is 975 MW, with the following generator limits (in MW).

Initial value of λ(1) = 6, then


∆ P(0) = 0 , P1 exceed the value of P1(max) . Then P1 is kept constant on 450 MW.
∆ P(0) = 0, P2 and P3 within limits, then

The total fuel cost is


Economic Dispatch Including losses

For long transmission lines, losses are a major factor and effect the optimum dispatch of generation

The coefficient Bij are called loss coefficient or B- coefficient. These coefficient assumed constant.
Example 3:
The fuel cost in $/h of three thermal plants of a power system are

Where P1, P2, and P3 are in Mw. Plant outputs are subjected to the following limits

Where the loss coefficient are specified in per unit on a 100-MVa base. Determine the optimal dispatch
of generation when the total system load is 150 MW.

Assume λ(0) = 8.0


For the fourth iteration

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