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Functional Approach in Python

The document discusses functional programming concepts in Python including lambda functions, map(), filter(), and reduce(). Lambda functions allow creating small anonymous functions. Map() applies a function to each item in an iterable and returns the results. Filter() applies a function to each item and returns elements where the function returns True. Reduce() applies a rolling computation to sequential pairs in a list.

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Manan kansara
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74 views21 pages

Functional Approach in Python

The document discusses functional programming concepts in Python including lambda functions, map(), filter(), and reduce(). Lambda functions allow creating small anonymous functions. Map() applies a function to each item in an iterable and returns the results. Filter() applies a function to each item and returns elements where the function returns True. Reduce() applies a rolling computation to sequential pairs in a list.

Uploaded by

Manan kansara
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Functional

Approach in
Python
 Functional programming is all about
expressions. We may say that the
Functional programming is an expression
oriented programming.
 Expression oriented functions of Python
provides are:
lambda
map(aFunction, aSequence)
filter(aFunction, aSequence)
reduce(aFunction, aSequence)
list comprehension
lambda function
 A way to create small anonymous
functions, i.e. functions without a name.
 Mainly used in combination with the
functions filter(), map() and reduce().
 Syntax:
lambda argument_list: expression
 Ex:
def add(x,y):
return x+y

# call the function


print(add(2,3)) # output : 5

#Functional approach
add = lambda x, y : x + y
print(add(2,3))

Output:
5
 Ex:
f = lambda x: x<100
print(f(90))

Output:
True

 Ex:
f = lambda x: 'big' if x > 100 else 'small'
print(f(100))

Output:
small
Map() function
 The map(aFunction, aSequence) function
applies a passed-in function to each item
in an iterable object and returns a list
containing all the function call results.
 Ex:
items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
def sqr(x):
return x ** 2
print(list(map(sqr, items)))

Output:
[1, 4, 9, 16, 25]
 Ex:
#python 3
items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(list(map((lambda x: x **2),
items)))

#python 2
items = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5]
print(map((lambda x: x **2), items))
 While we still use lamda as a aFunction, we can
have a list of functions as aSequence.
 Ex:
def square(x):
return (x**2)
def cube(x):
return (x**3)
funcs = [square, cube]
for r in range(5):
value = list(map(lambda x: x(r), funcs))
print(value)
 Output:
[0, 0]
[1, 1]
[4, 8]
[9, 27]
[16, 64]
 Multiple iterables to the map function
 Ex:
a = [1, 2, 3]
b = [10, 20, 30]
print(list(map(lambda x, y: x + y, a, b)))

Output:
[11,22,33]
filter() function
 The filter(aFunction, aSequence) function
applies a passed-in function to each item
in an iterable object and extracts each
element in the sequence for which the
function returns True.
 Ex:-
list(range(-5,5))
# [-5, -4, -3, -2, -1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4]
print(list(filter((lambda x: x < 0), range(-5,5))))
print(list(map((lambda x: x < 0), range(-5,5))))

Output:-
[-5, -4, -3, -2, -1]
[True, True, True, True, True, False, False, False,
False, False]
Finding intersections of two lists
 Ex:
a = [1,2,3,5,7,9]
b = [2,3,5,6,7,8]

print(filter(lambda x: x in a, b))

Output:-
[2, 3, 5, 7]
 Ex:
fib = [0,1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,55]
result = filter(lambda x: x % 2, fib)
print(result)
result = filter(lambda x: x % 2 == 0, fib)
print(result)

Output:
[1, 1, 3, 5, 13, 21, 55]
[0, 2, 8, 34]
How filter() method works
without the filter function?
 Ex:
# random list
randomList = [1, 'a', 0, False, True, '0']
filteredList = filter(None, randomList)
print('The filtered elements are:')
for element in filteredList:
print(element)
 Output:
The filtered elements are:
1
a
True
0
reduce() function
 reduce(aFunction, aSequence)
 It applies a rolling computation to sequential pairs
of values in a list.
 Ex:
from functools import reduce #python3
print(reduce( (lambda x, y: x * y), [1, 2, 3, 4] ))

Output:
24
 Ex:
from functools import reduce
#python3
print(reduce( (lambda x, y: x / y), [1, 2,
3, 4] ))

Output:
0.041666666666666664
 Determining the maximum of a list of
numerical values by using reduce:

from functools import reduce


f = lambda a,b: a if (a > b) else b
print(reduce(f, [47,11,42,102,13]))

Output:
102
 Calculating the sum of the numbers from
1 to 100:

from functools import reduce


print(reduce(lambda x, y: x+y,
range(1,101)))

Output:
5050

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