Patient'S Perception Regarding Audiovisual Oral Health Promotion Aids at Pacific Dental College & Hospital - A Cross Sectional Questionnaire Survey

PATIENT’S PERCEPTION REGARDING AUDIOVISUAL ORAL
HEALTH PROMOTION AIDS AT PACIFIC DENTAL COLLEGE

& HOSPITAL – A CROSS SECTIONAL QUESTIONNAIRE
SURVEY
INTRODUCTION
Oral health enables an individual to speak, eat and socialize without
active diseases, discomfort or embarrassment. Oral health is
fundamental to general health & well being, significantly impacting the
quality of life. It can affect general health conditions. Oral health means
more than healthy teeth. The health of the gums, oral soft tissues,
chewing muscles, the palate, tongue, lips and salivary glands are also
significant. Oral diseases qualify as a major public health problem owing
to their high prevalence & incidence in all regions of the world (WHO
REPORT 2003) 1. India is no exception and due to it’s large population
size, the absolute burden of oral diseases is immense.
Oral health education and important component of oral health
promotion, has been considered an essential part of dental health
services. It is the challenge for many health care providers to find
epistemological means to create learning environments that promote
critical thinking, decision making and transfer of knowledge from
didactic to clinical settings in order to enhance knowledge of the
patients.
Oral health promotion materials are widely used by diverse health
organizations and professionals as a part of patient education or health
promotion efforts and in support of preventive, treatment and
compliance objectives. Oral health promotion materials are used to
reinforce or illustrate information given in a one on one setting, or can
serve as references to remind people of information they have received
earlier 2.
Audiovisual aids are valuable tool in education, more so, in field of
education as these have a long lasting impression on the target
population.3
A strength of video is role modelling, when applied to well defined, self
limited stressful situations. Role modelling by videos decreases patient’s
anxiety, pain and sympathetic arousal, thereby increasing the
knowledge, cooperation & coping abilities of patients.
Videos provide a practical and entertaining audiovisual medium for

health education that is suitable for both group and individual learning.
Videos offer a standardized level of teaching and information in the
video can be repeated according to the viewer’s need.3
Audiovisual health promotion are also used, and suitable for those with
low literacy skills or impairments over an ability to read.4
Studies have also shown greater patient satisfaction with education
received during their hospital visit, and video health education
interventions have been shown to be more effective than printed
pamphlet information for both short term behavior changes and long
term retention.5
Videos are used both as a part of patient education and in support of
preventive, treatment & compliance objectives. Patients can be
inundated by the amount of information received via videos in a short
span of time. Videos are a cost effective method to encourage a positive
change in the patient’s behavior and knowledge.
Therefore, this study will assess the use of videos, their quality and their
ability to change oral health related knowledge among the patients
visiting PDCH.
OBJECTIVES –
This study assesses –
1. Use of oral health promotion materials by the patients visiting
Pacific Dental College & Hospital.
2. Perception of the patients visiting PDCH regarding –
 Quality of the audiovisual oral health promotion videos.
 Impact of viewing these videos on their interaction with
the dentist
 Impact of these videos on their oral health related
knowledge.
MATERIALS & METHODOLOGY –
STUDY DESIGN, STUDY POPULATION & STUDY AREA – A

cross – sectional questionnaire study was conducted among 400
patients visiting Pacific Dental College & Hospital in Udaipur city,
Rajasthan, during the period between September – October 2019.
ETHICAL CLEARANCE & OFFICIAL PERMISSION – The

study protocol was reviewed by the ethical committee of Pacific
Dental College and Hospital and was granted ethical clearance. An
official permission was taken before conducting the study from the
Principal of the college.
INFORMED CONSENT – written voluntary consent was obtained

from randomly selected patients awaiting dental treatment while
sitting in the waiting area of PDCH. All participants involved in
the study provided written informed consent.
INCLUSION CRITERIA –
 Subjects over 18 years of age.
 Subjects who were willing to participate the study.
 Subjects who had visited the hospital more than once.
EXCLUSION CRITERIA –
 Subjects who were not willing to participate in the study.
 Visually impaired, deaf and dumb patients.
 Subjects who had problem in understanding the contents
of Oral health Promotion Materials.
PROFORMA DETAILS – A 14 itemed self administered structured
questionnaire was developed based on our study objectives. The
questionnaire had 2 sections. First section consisted of general
information of study participants like age, gender and level of education.
Second section of the questionnaire consisted of questions related to the
patient’s perception and impact of the audiovisual oral health promotion
videos. These questions required a dichotomous response of YES OR
NO. Also there were 2 open ended questions at the end of the
questionnaire to know about the video that had caught the maximum
attention and if anything needs to be added to the oral health promotion
materials.
Pre testing survey – The assessment of content validity in the

questionnaire was related to the opinions expressed by a group of six
panelist (Panel of academician and post graduate). Mean content validity
ratio (CVR) was calculated as 0.8. content validity identifies whether the
measures represent all the facets of a given consent.
Face validity, which describes whether test “looks valid” to the
examinees who take it, the administrative personnel who decide on its
use, and other technically untrained observers were assessed by
administering the questionnaire to twelve subjects who were asked to
rate the questionnaire on a Likert’s scale. Chi – square test was applied
and it was observed that 90% of the participants found the questionnaire
to be easy (p<0.05). criterion validity was also assessed and found to be
satisfactory (Cronbach’s alpha 0.08).
The questionnaire was further pretested to assess its feasibility and
reliability which were found to be satisfactory. Test of reliability
consisted of two components – question questionnaire reliability which
was assessed by percentage of agreement (90%) and internal reliability
fir the responses to questions which was assessed using cronbach’s alpha
(0.84). all the necessary changes were introduced in the main study.
METHODOLOGY - Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the

final sample size consisted of 400 patients. A self administered
structured questionnaire in English was distributed to the patients sitting
in the waiting area of PDCH. Those willing to participate in the study
were requested to fill in the consent form and complete the
questionnaire. Participants were explained every question and were
made to choose the most appropriate response. Participants completed
the questionnaire in the waiting area with an opportunity to look at the
videos. 5-7 minutes were given to each participant. Principal investigator
was constantly present to clarify any queries regarding the questionnaire.
All the questionnaires were collected from study subjects by 5-7
successive follow up visits and checked carefully for their completeness.
STATISTICAL ANALYSIS – Data entry was done in Excel sheet

further carried out by a descriptive statistics using SPSS 20 Software.

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PATIENT’S PERCEPTION REGARDING AUDIOVISUAL ORAL

HEALTH PROMOTION AIDS AT PACIFIC DENTAL COLLEGE

Videos provide a practical and entertaining audiovisual medium for

MATERIALS & METHODOLOGY –

STUDY DESIGN, STUDY POPULATION & STUDY AREA – A

ETHICAL CLEARANCE & OFFICIAL PERMISSION – The

INFORMED CONSENT – written voluntary consent was obtained

Pre testing survey – The assessment of content validity in the

METHODOLOGY - Based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the

STATISTICAL ANALYSIS – Data entry was done in Excel sheet

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