Q1 Consider a single high-power transmitter that can support 40

voice channels over an area of 140 km² with the available spectrum.
If this area is equally divided into seven smaller areas (cells), each
supported by lower power transmitters so that each cell supports
30% of the channels, then determine
(a) coverage area of each cell
(b) total number of voice channels available in cellular system
Comment on the results obtained.
Q2 Calculate the number of times the cluster of size 4 have to be
replicated in order to approximately cover the entire service area of
1765 km2 with the adequate number of uniform-sized cells of 7 km2
each.

Q3 (a) Assume a cellular system of 32 cells with a cell radius of 1.6

km, a total spectrum allocation that supports 336 traffic channels,
and a reuse pattern of 7. Calculate the total service area covered
with this configuration, the number of channels per cell, and a total
system capacity. Assume regular hexagonal cellular topology.
(b) Let the cell size be reduced to the extent that the same area as
covered in Part (a) with 128 cells. Find the radius of the new cell, and
new system capacity. Comment on the results obtained
Q4 Consider a single high-power transmitter that can support 100
voice channels covering a given service area. Let the service area be
divided into seven smaller areas (cells) as shown in Fig. 4.7, each
supported by lower power transmitters. The available spectrum of
100 voice channels is divided into 4 groups of 25 channels each. The
cells (1, 7), (2, 4), (3, 5), and 6 are assigned distinct channel groups.
Show that the total number of channels that can be supported is
enhanced to 175 to cover the same service area. Comment on the
results obtained.

Q5 A mobile communication system is allocated RF spectrum of 25 MHz and

uses RF channel bandwidth of 25 kHz so that a total number of 1000 voice
channels can be supported in the system. (a) If the service area is divided into
20 cells with a frequency reuse factor of 4, compute the system capacity.
(b) The cell size is reduced to the extent that the service area is now covered
with 100 cells. Compute the system capacity while keeping the frequency
reuse factor as 4.
(c) Consider the cell size is further reduced so that the same service area is
now covered with 700 cells with the frequency reuse factor of 7. Compute the
system capacity.
Comment on the results obtained
Q6 Consider that a geographical service area of a cellular system is 4200 km2 .
A total of 1001 radio channels are available for handling traffic. Suppose the
area of a cell is 12 km2 .
(a) How many times would the cluster of size 7 have to be replicated in order
to cover the entire service area? Calculate the number of channels per cell and
the system capacity.
(b) If the cluster size is decreased from 7 to 4, then does it result into increase
in system capacity? Comment on the results obtained.
Q7 A cellular communication service area is covered with 12 clusters
having 7 cells in each cluster and 16 channels assigned in each cell.
Show that
(a) the number of channels per cluster are 112
(b) the system capacity is 1344
Q9 Determine the number of cells in clusters for the following values of the
shift parameters i and j in a regular hexagonal geometry pattern:
(a) i = 2 and j = 4 (b) i = 3 and j = 3

Q10 Determine the distance from the nearest cochannel cell for a cell
having a radius of 0.64 km and a cochannel reuse factor of 12.

Q11 Determine the frequency reuse ratio for a cell radius of 0.8 km
separated from the nearest cochannel cell by a distance of 6.4 km.
Q12 Proof for D/R = root(3K) – pg 116 of TB

UNIT 2
Q1 Suppose there are two mobile subscribers in the nearby location. Draw a
functional diagram showing the route signals if the cellphones are
(a) operating on the same MTSO
(b) operating on different MTSOs (one each on system A and system B), served
by different service providers

Q2 Calculate the average traffic intensity for the traffic data given in Table 9.2,
depicting the pattern of activity in a cell of 10-channel capacity over a period of
one hour.
Q3 In a trunked cellular mobile system, each mobile subscriber averages two
calls per hour at an average call duration of three minutes. Determine the
traffic intensity per mobile subscriber.
Q4 A cellular system is allocated a total bandwidth of 30 MHz and each simplex
channel of 25 kHz. The hexagonal cell configuration is given in Fig. 9.6.
(a) If each channel is shared among 8 mobile subscribers, how many calls can
be simultaneously processed by each cell if only 10 channels per cell are
reserved for signalling and control purpose? (b) If each mobile subscriber
keeps a traffic channel busy for an average of 5% time and an average of 60
call requests per hour are generated, compute the offered traffic load.
(c) During a busy hour, the number of calls per hour for each of the 12 cells of a
cellular cluster is 2220, 1900, 4000, 1100, 1000, 1200, 1800, 2100, 2000, 1580,
1800 and 900 respectively. Assuming that 75% of the mobile subscribers in this
cluster are using the system during this period and that one call is made per
subscriber, find the number of mobile subscribers per cluster in the system.
Assuming the average holding time of 60 seconds, what is the total offered
traffic load of the system in Erlangs?
Q5 In a cellular system, the average calls per hour in one cell is 3000 and an
average calling (call holding) time is 1.76 minutes. If the blocking probability is
2%, find the offered traffic load and the maximum number of channels needed
in the system. If the average number of calls per hour in one cell increases to
28,000, find the maximum number of channels required in the system
Q6 If there are 50 channels in a cell to handle all the calls and the average call-
holding time is 100 s per call, how many calls can be handled in this cell with a
blocking probability of 2 percent?

Q7 In a blocked-calls-cleared (Erlang B) system having 10 trunked channels,

each mobile subscriber generates 0.1 Erlangs of traffic. Compute the number
of mobile subscribers that can be supported for 0.5% blocking probability.
Repeat the above for 100 trunked channels.
Q8 If a cellular system has 20 cells to cover the specified service area, with
each cell having 40 channels, how many mobile subscribers can the cellular
system support if a blocking probability of 2% is required? Assume that each
mobile subscriber makes an average of three calls/hour and each call duration
is an average of three minutes (use Erlang B values).
Q9 In an Erlang B system having 24 trunked channels, show that 10 channels
trunked together can support 60% more traffic at a specified GOS than two
five-channel trunks grouped individually.

Q10 Consider a seven-cell reuse cellular system having a total of 395 traffic
channels. In this system, an average call lasts for three minutes, and the
probability of blocking is to be no more than 1%. Let every mobile subscriber
make one call per hour, on average. Assume that blocked calls are cleared so
the call blocking is described by the Erlang B distribution. Determine the
following:
(a) The average number of calls made by a mobile subscriber per hour if the
system is configured as an omnidirectional system.
(b) The average number of calls made by a mobile subscriber per hour if the
system is configured as a 3-sectored antenna configuration. Show that the
decrease in trunking efficiency from that of an omnidirectional configuration is
24%.
(c) The average number of calls made by a mobile subscriber per hour if the
system is configured as a 6-sectored antenna configuration. Show that the
decrease in trunking efficiency from that of an omnidirectional configuration is
44%.
Comment on the above results
Comment : Thus, the degradation in trunking efficiency in a 6-sector configuration amounts to 44%
when compared to the unsectored (omnidirectional) case. It is also a fact that using 6-sectors per
cell reduces the number of cochannel interferers from six to only one in the first tier that results into
significant improvement in signal-to-interference ratio for each user for a seven-cell system. This
enables a four-cell reuse system. Of course, using six sectors per cell reduces the trunking efficiency
and increases the number of necessary hand-offs even more.

Q11 A cellular system using a four-cell reuse pattern has hexagonal cells, each
having a radius of 1.4 km. A total number of 60 channels are used within the
entire system. If the average traffic load per user is 0.029 Erlangs, and λ = 1
call/hour, compute the approximate number of users per square kilometre
that will be supported for an Erlang C system which has a 5% blocking
probability of a delayed call. (Use the traffic intensity as 9.0 Erlangs for 5%
blocking probability with 15 channels per cell from Erlang C Table.)
Q12 In an analog FDMA cellular system, the allocated system bandwidth is 12.5
MHz, the channel spacing is 30 kHz, and the guard spacing at each edge of the
allocated system bandwidth is 10 kHz. The number of channels allocated for
control signaling is 21. Determine the following: (a) The total number of
available channels per cluster (b) The number of channels available for user
data transmission per cluster (c) The number of channels available for user
data transmission per cell if the cluster size or frequency reuse factor is 7 (d)
The overall system spectral efficiency in units of channels/MHz/km2 , assuming
the cell area as 6 km2
Q13 In an analog FDMA cellular system configured with a cluster size of 7, the
allocated system bandwidth is 12.5 MHz, the channel spacing is 30 kHz, and
the guard spacing at each edge of the allocated system bandwidth is 10 kHz.
The number of channels allocated for control signaling is 21. The cell area is 6
km2 and the area of the entire cellular system is 3024 km2 . The average
number of calls per user during a busy hour is 1.5 and the average channel
holding time of a call is 180 seconds. If the trunk efficiency is 0.95, determine
the following:
(a) The number of cells in the system
(b) The number of calls per hour per cell
(c) The average number of users per hour per cell
(d) The system spectral efficiency in units of Erlangs/MHz/km2
Q14 Consider a TDMA/FDD cellular system that uses an uplink or downlink
spectrum of 25 MHz. The system bandwidth is divided into radio channels of
30 kHz, and uses guard spacing of 20 kHz. The frame duration is 40 ms
(assuming preamble and tail bit duration as 0), consisting of 6 time slots. A
single radio channel supports 3 full-rate speech channels, each using 2 time
slots in a frame. Each time slot consists of 324 bits, among which 260 bits are
for information data and the remaining 64 bits are overhead for access control.
The speech codec rate is 7.95 kbps, which corresponds to a gross rate of 13.0
kbps with channel encoding. If the frequency reuse factor is 7, determine
(a) the number of simultaneous users that can be accommodated in each cell,
Nu
(b) the spectral efficiency per frame of a TDMA system, ηt(frame)
(c) the spectral efficiency of the TDMA system, ηt(sys).
(d) the overall spectral efficiency, ηt , in terms of bps/Hz/cell
Q15 Compare the performance of the following four different analog cellular
systems in terms of C/I. Which system offers the maximum capacity? Assume
path propagation constant, γ = 4 in each case.
System I: Bc = 30 kHz, (C/l)min = 18 dB
System II: Bc = 25 kHz, (C/l)min = 14 dB
System III: Bc= 12.5 KHz, (C/l)min = 12 dB
System IV: Bc = 6.25 KHz, (C/l)min = 9 Db

Q16 Compute the capacity of a 2G GSM digital cellular system, assuming the
allocated spectrum for uplink and downlink as 12.5 MHz each.