PROTECTION

SKD and SKE

Check Synchronising Relays

Check synchronising relays are used to prevent interconnection of badly

synchronised supplies. Type SKD relays are generally used in auto reclosing
sequence of interconnectors along with the auto reclosing relay. Type SKE
relays are used to safeguard manual synchronising of generators.The check
synchronising relay contacts are normally connected in series with the circuit
breaker closing circuit and ensures that the differences in phase, voltage and
frequency are within pre-selected limits before switching in an incoming
alternator or interconnecting two sections of a power system.

voltage produced after subtraction is

passed via the gate (which is opened Voltage difference measurement
when the VTI supply is present) to the Two types of voltage lockout are available.
phase angle comparator and integrating Type SKD compares the amplitude of the
amplifier. two supply voltages, with a stabilised
dc reference which is proportioned to
The signal is compared with the dc the nominal supply voltage. The Voltage
Features
reference and produces a smoothed lockout circuit inhibits the gate if either
output to the relay drive unit if the signal voltage is below the preset limit. Type
• Low burden, static design.
is less than dc reference. The relay drive SKE compares the two supply voltages
• Accurate and reliable. and inhibits the gate if the difference
circuit prevents chatter of the relay at the
• Immune to transients and surges; just-operate condition. between the supply voltages exceeds the
withstands 5 kV impulse voltage test. preset limit.
Frequency difference measurement
General Description Frequency difference measurement is
Phase difference measurement achieved by checking that the phase angle
Phase measurement is achieved by traversed in a defined period is less than
algebraically subtracting the two supply a pre-determined value. Referring to the
voltage waveforms and comparing the block diagram the output from the phase Customer Benefits
resultant modulated beat waveform measurement circuit drives an accurately
calibrated timer. The timer operates the • Immune to transients.
envelope with a dc reference voltage • Static design and low burden.
(See Figure 1). relay on completion of its timing cycle, if
• Prevents interconnection of
the output from the phase measurement badly synchronized supplies.
The dc reference is proportioned to the circuit persists.
sum of the peaks of the two supply
voltages to provide phase measurement The relationship between timer setting
independent of supply voltage variation. and frequency difference is given in
Referring to Figure 2, the resulting Table 1.

GRID
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 SKD and SKE

Technical data
Voltage rating
110 volts/63.5 volts ac, 50 Hz.

Auxiliary supply
30V, 50V, 110V and 220V dc.
For 110V dc and above, external dropping resistors are used.

Minimum operating voltages Type SKD

Either supply below setting.

Type SKE
Both supplies at 37%.

Settings
Phase angle, frequency difference and voltage
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difference settings as shown in Table 1. 1

Operating time
200 m.sec. with timer disconnected. 3

Burden
2
2.5VA at rated voltage on each supply.

Accuracy 4
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±5% on voltage lockout setting. 1. Rectified Envelope (by subtraction of 4. In-phase condition
running and incoming voltages) 5. 180o out of phase
Thermal rating 2. D.C. reference level 6. Time to cover one slip cycle (360o)
3. Angle over which synchronising can occur
AC supply voltage Figure 1: Static check synchroniser rectified beat waveform showing dc reference level
115% of rating.

DC supply
120% of rating.

Figure 2: Composite block diagram

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 SKD and SKE

Table 1:
Check synchroniser types and settings

Relay Phase angle Frequency difference Frequency Voltage

difference setting percentage setting
setting difference
Phase angle Time setting 50 Hz
(secs)
SKD auto Preset at 35° 35° 2 0.19 Lockout continuously
reclose check +0% -5% 35° 3 0.13 variable. 80-90%
synchroniser nominal voltage.
35° 4 0.09
35° 5 0.08
35° 6 0.06
35° 10 0.04
SKE generator Preset at 20° 20° 0.5 0.45 Difference
check +0% -5% 20° 1.0 0.22 continuously variable.
synchroniser Voltage difference
20° 1.5 0.15 calibrated. At
20° 2.0 0.11 2%,4%,6%,8% &
20° 2.5 0.09 10% nominal voltage
20° 3.0 0.07
Preset at 10° 10° 0.25 0.45
+0% -5% 10° 0.5 0.22
10° 0.75 0.15
10° 1.0 0.11
10° 1.25 0.09
10° 1.5 0.07

Contacts High frequency interference

Two normally open contacts, or one make and one break. The relay complies with IS 8686-1977/IEC 255-
22-1 Appendix C to class III.
Contact rating
Make and carry 7500VA for 3 seconds with maximum of 30A Case
and 660 volts. 1D drawout cases suitable for flush/projection
mounting.
Insulation
The relay meets requirements of IS 3231-1965/IEC 255-5 Information required with order
Series C-2 kV for 1 minute. • Relay type
• Voltage rating
Impulse voltage • Auxiliary supply voltage
The relay complies with the requirements of IS 8686-1977/ • Type of mounting
IEC 255-4 Appendix E to class III.

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 19/1, G.S.T. Road,
Pallavaram Works

Tel: 91-44-2264 8000

Fax: 91-44-2264 0040

www.grid.alstom.com
Tel.: +44 (0) 1785 250 070
ALSTOM T&D INDIA LIMITED

Pallavaram, Chennai - 600 043

http://www.alstom.com/contactcentre/
ALSTOM T&D Worldwide Contact Centre:

GRID
Figure 3 : Case and panel cut-out dimensions for case 1D ( All dimensions in mm)

“Alstom logo and any alternative version thereof are trademarks and service marks of Alstom. The other names mentioned, registered or not, are the property of their respective companies. The technical and other data contained in
SKD and SKE

the document are provided for information only. Neither ALSTOM, its officers nor employees accept responsibility for or should be taken as making any representation or warranty (whether express or implied) as to the accuracy or

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completeness of such data or the achievements of any projected performance criteria where these are indicated. No liability is accepted for any reliance placed upon the information contained in this brochure. Alstom reserves the right to
revise or change these data at any time without further notice.”