A DC motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy using magnetic fields generated by electrical currents. There are several types of DC motors:
Brushless DC motors have no commutator and instead use electronics to detect and adjust the rotor angle, making them more durable and safer than brushed DC motors. Brushed DC motors have a commutator that reverses current to create torque. Shunt DC motors have field windings in parallel, giving lower current and constant torque suitable for applications like conveyor belts. Series DC motors have higher field currents and faster speeds but less control, used in power tools. Compound DC motors combine series and shunt windings for intermediate properties.
A DC motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy using magnetic fields generated by electrical currents. There are several types of DC motors:
Brushless DC motors have no commutator and instead use electronics to detect and adjust the rotor angle, making them more durable and safer than brushed DC motors. Brushed DC motors have a commutator that reverses current to create torque. Shunt DC motors have field windings in parallel, giving lower current and constant torque suitable for applications like conveyor belts. Series DC motors have higher field currents and faster speeds but less control, used in power tools. Compound DC motors combine series and shunt windings for intermediate properties.
A DC motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy using magnetic fields generated by electrical currents. There are several types of DC motors:
Brushless DC motors have no commutator and instead use electronics to detect and adjust the rotor angle, making them more durable and safer than brushed DC motors. Brushed DC motors have a commutator that reverses current to create torque. Shunt DC motors have field windings in parallel, giving lower current and constant torque suitable for applications like conveyor belts. Series DC motors have higher field currents and faster speeds but less control, used in power tools. Compound DC motors combine series and shunt windings for intermediate properties.
A DC motor converts electrical energy into mechanical energy using magnetic fields generated by electrical currents. There are several types of DC motors:
Brushless DC motors have no commutator and instead use electronics to detect and adjust the rotor angle, making them more durable and safer than brushed DC motors. Brushed DC motors have a commutator that reverses current to create torque. Shunt DC motors have field windings in parallel, giving lower current and constant torque suitable for applications like conveyor belts. Series DC motors have higher field currents and faster speeds but less control, used in power tools. Compound DC motors combine series and shunt windings for intermediate properties.
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What is a DC Motor?
A direct current (DC) motor is a type of electric machine that converts electrical energy into mechanical energy. DC motors take electrical power through direct current, and convert this energy into mechanical rotation. DC motors use magnetic fields that occur from the electrical currents generated, which powers the movement of a rotor fixed within the output shaft. The output torque and speed depends upon both the electrical input and the design of the motor.
Parts of DC Motor Types of DC Motors
What is a brushless DC motor?
Brushless DC motors are also known as electronically commutated motors, or synchronous DC
motors, and differ to the brushed motor, thanks to the development of solid state electronics. The key differences between brushless DC motors and other varieties is that they do not have a commutator, which is replaced by an electronic servomechanism that is able to detect and adjust the angle of the rotor. The brushless DC motor has several advantages. Commutators use soft contacts called ‘brushes’ which wear down over time. A brushless DC motor is therefore more durable, and also safer than the more classical design. What is a brushed DC motor?
The brushed DC motor is the original DC motor. As we have discussed already in this guide, the classic brushed motor features a commutator, to reverse the current every half cycle and create single direction torque. While brushed DC motors remain popular for electrical propulsion, cranes, paper machines, and steel rolling mills, many have been phased out for the more efficient brushless model in recent years. What is a shunt DC motor?
A DC shunt motor is a variety of brushed motor that has the field windings connected in parallel with the armature. Shunt wound DC motors have a lower current because of the parallel windings. A shunt motor is used for applications that require a constant torque, where the load is not significantly altered by speed, such as conveyor belts, mixers and hoists. The specific field windings provide unique shunt motor characteristics that make it such an effective choice for constant torque applications.
What is a series DC motor?
Series wound DC motors are the final variety of brushed motors in this guide. The key difference between this variety and the shunt motors discussed previously is that field windings are connected in a series. This means that the entire armature current passes to the field winding, creating much faster speeds. As the supply voltage can’t be adjusted, series DC motors can’t regulate their speed particularly well. While this is a problem for some applications, it makes them particularly useful for tasks that require high starting torque, such as power tools and sewing machines.
What is compound DC motor?
Compound DC motor is a compound of both series and shunt motor. It is consist of a Series field coil, which is connected in series with the armature field winding, and a shunt field coil winding, which is connected in parallel with the armature field winding. Presence of both the field windings i.e. series field winding and shunt field winding gave this motor the name of compound DC motor.
Therefore, a compound DC motor can be further subdivided into two types, known as:
1. Cumulative Compound Motor
2. Differential Compound Motor
In cumulative compound motor, the flux produced by shunt coil winding is in line with the flux produced by the series field winding. Therefore, both the fluxes add up to provide more flux. In contrast to the cumulative compound motor, in the case of a differential compound motor, the flux produced in shunt coil is in opposite direction to the flux produced in series coil winding, resulting in total flux equal to the difference of both the fluxes.
