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Module 2

This document describes two methods for designing a small transformer based on given parameters. The first method is based on the given load capacity, using the volt-ampere rating, primary voltage, and secondary voltage to calculate transformer specifications like core area, number of turns, current, and wire gauge. The second method is based on a given core area, using that and the primary and secondary voltages to determine specifications like volt-ampere rating, turns, current, and wire gauge. Examples are provided for each method to demonstrate how to design a transformer from the given values.

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Leanne Tugay
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58 views4 pages

Module 2

This document describes two methods for designing a small transformer based on given parameters. The first method is based on the given load capacity, using the volt-ampere rating, primary voltage, and secondary voltage to calculate transformer specifications like core area, number of turns, current, and wire gauge. The second method is based on a given core area, using that and the primary and secondary voltages to determine specifications like volt-ampere rating, turns, current, and wire gauge. Examples are provided for each method to demonstrate how to design a transformer from the given values.

Uploaded by

Leanne Tugay
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Module 2 – BASIC DESIGNING OF SMALL TRANSFORMER

LEARNING OBJECTIVES
After successful completion of this module, you should be able to:
 Design a small transformer based on given load capacity;
 Design a small transformer based on given core area of transformer

The following methods may be used to design a small transformer:


1. Designing of Small Transformer Based on Given Load
The volt-ampere(or wattage) rating, the primary voltage and the secondary voltage are
the needed values to design a small transformer based on the given load. The following
formulas can be used for the computations:

Given:
VA, Vp, Vs

1. 𝐴𝑐 = 1.15 𝑥 √𝑉𝐴, cm2


1
2. 𝑇⁄𝑉 = 4.44 𝑥 𝐴𝑐 𝑥 𝐵 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 10−4 , turns per volt
3. 𝑇𝑝 = 𝑇⁄𝑉 𝑥 𝑉𝑝 , turn
4. 𝑇𝑠 = 𝑇⁄𝑉 𝑥 𝑉𝑠 , turn
𝑉𝐴
5. 𝐼𝑝 = 𝑉𝑝 , ampere
𝑉𝐴
6. 𝐼𝑠 = , ampere
𝑉𝑠
7. Wire size for primary winding :(see table, MaxAmps), AWG
8. Wire size for secondary winding (see table, MaxAmps), AWG

where: Ac = area of the core


Vp = primary voltage
Vs = secondary voltage
VA = volt-ampere rating
T/V = turns per volt
B = flux density = 1 weber/m2
f = frequency = 60 hertz
Tp = number of turns in primary winding
Ts = number of turns in secondary winding
Ip = full-load current in primary winding
Is = full-load current in secondary winding
AWG = American wire gauge

To succeeding table can be used to determine the wire size.

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Example:

Design a transformer with the given parameters:


VA = 50 volt-amperes
Vp = 220 volts
Vs = 12 volts

Solution:

1. 𝐴𝑐 = 1.15 𝑥 √50 = 8.1317 cm2


1
2. 𝑇⁄𝑉 = 4.44 𝑥 8.1317 𝑥 1 𝑥 60 𝑥 10−4 = 4.6162 turns per volt
3. 𝑇𝑝 = 4.6162 𝑥 220 = 1,015.564 ≈ 1,016 turns
4. 𝑇𝑠 = 4.6162 𝑥 12 = 55.3944 ≈ 55 turns
50
5. 𝐼𝑝 = 220 = 0.2272 ampere
50
6. 𝐼𝑠 = 12 = 4.1667 amperes
7. Wire size for primary winding = #29 AWG(see table - MaxAmps)
8. Wire size for secondary winding = #17 AWG(see table - MaxAmps)

2. Designing of Small Transformer Based on Given Core Area


The core area, the primary voltage and the secondary voltage are the needed values to
design a small transformer based on the given load. The following formulas can be used
for the computations:

Given: Ac, Vp, Vs

𝐴𝑐
1. 𝑉𝐴 = (1.15)2, volt-ampere
1
2. 𝑇⁄𝑉 = 4.44 𝑥 𝐴𝑐 𝑥 𝐵 𝑥 𝑓 𝑥 10−4 , turns per volt
3. 𝑇𝑝 = 𝑇⁄𝑉 𝑥 𝑉𝑝 , turn
4. 𝑇𝑠 = 𝑇⁄𝑉 𝑥 𝑉𝑠 , turn
𝑉𝐴
5. 𝐼𝑝 = 𝑉𝑝 , ampere
𝑉𝐴
6. 𝐼𝑠 = , ampere
𝑉𝑠
7. Wire size for primary winding (see table, MaxAmps), AWG
8. Wire size for secondary winding (see table, MaxAmps), AWG

where: Ac = area of the core


Vp = primary voltage
Vs = secondary voltage
VA = volt-ampere rating
T/V = turns per volt
B = flux density = 1 weber/m2
f = frequency = 60 hertz
Tp = number of turns in primary winding
Ts = number of turns in secondary winding
Ip = full-load current in primary winding
Is = full-load current in secondary winding
AWG = American wire gauge

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Example:
Design a transformer with the given parameters:
Ac = 7 cm2
Vp = 220 volts
Vs = 24 volts

Solution:

7
1. 𝑉𝐴 = (1.15)2 = 37.0510 volt-amperes
1
2. 𝑇⁄𝑉 = 4.44 𝑥 7 𝑥 1 𝑥 60 𝑥 10−4 = 5.3625 turns per volt
3. 𝑇𝑝 = 5.3625 𝑥 220 = 1,179.75 ≈ 1,180 turns
4. 𝑇𝑠 = 5.3625 𝑥 24 = 128.70 ≈ 129 turns
37.0510
5. 𝐼𝑝 = = 0.1684 ampere
220
37.0510
6. 𝐼𝑠 = = 1.5438 amperes
24
7. Wire size for primary winding = #31 AWG(see table - MaxAmps)

8. Wire size for secondary winding = #21 AWG(see table - MaxAmps)

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