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Abacus: Napier Bone

The document summarizes several early calculating devices: The abacus is an ancient calculating tool still used today to teach numeracy. Napier's bones were created by John Napier to aid in multiplication and division calculations. The slide rule is a mechanical analog computer used for scientific functions like roots and logarithms. Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline, the first mechanical calculator, to help his father with addition and subtraction in tax collection. Gottfried Leibniz's stepped reckoner was the first calculator that could perform all four basic arithmetic operations. Joseph Marie Jacquard's loom simplified weaving complex textile patterns using punched cards. Charles Babbage's difference engine was an automatic mechanical calculator for polynomial functions.

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604 views3 pages

Abacus: Napier Bone

The document summarizes several early calculating devices: The abacus is an ancient calculating tool still used today to teach numeracy. Napier's bones were created by John Napier to aid in multiplication and division calculations. The slide rule is a mechanical analog computer used for scientific functions like roots and logarithms. Blaise Pascal invented the Pascaline, the first mechanical calculator, to help his father with addition and subtraction in tax collection. Gottfried Leibniz's stepped reckoner was the first calculator that could perform all four basic arithmetic operations. Joseph Marie Jacquard's loom simplified weaving complex textile patterns using punched cards. Charles Babbage's difference engine was an automatic mechanical calculator for polynomial functions.

Uploaded by

Aayush
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Abacus

The abacus (plural abaci or abacuses), also called a counting


frame, is a calculating tool that has been in use since ancient
times and is still in use today. Around the world, abacuses have
been used in pre-schools and elementary schools as an aid in
teaching the numeral system and arithmetic.

Napier bone
Napier's bones is a manually-operated calculating device
created by John Napier of Merchiston, Scotland for
the calculation of products and quotients of numbers. It was
invented in 1617 AD.

Slide rule
The slide rule, or slipstick, is a mechanical analog computer.
The slide rule is used mainly for multiplication and division, and
also for "scientific" functions such as roots, logarithms and
trigonometry, but usually not for addition or subtraction.

Pascaline
Pascaline, also called Arithmetic Machine, the
first calculator or adding machine to be produced in any quantity
and actually used. The Pascaline was designed and built by the
French mathematician-philosopher Blaise Pascal between 1642 .
It could only do addition and subtraction. Pascal invented the
machine for his father, a tax collector.
Stepped reckoner
The step reckoner (or stepped reckoner) was
a digital mechanical calculator invented by the German
mathematician Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz around 1673 and
completed in 1694. It was the first calculator that could perform all
four arithmetic operations.[2] The machine performs multiplication
by repeated addition, and division by repeated subtraction

Jacquard Loom
The Jacquard machine (French: [ʒakaʁ]) is a device fitted to
a loom that simplifies the process of manufacturing textiles with
such complex patterns as brocade, damask The machine was
invented by Joseph Marie Jacquard in 1804 The machine was
controlled by a "chain of cards"; a number of punched cards laced
together into a continuous sequence.[6] Multiple rows of holes
were punched on each card, with one complete card
corresponding to one row of the design.

Difference engine
A difference engine, a calculating machine designed in the
1820s, was first created by Charles Babbage. Difference engines
are automatic mechanical calculators designed to
tabulate polynomial functions. The machine is able to store one
decimal number in each column.

Analytical engine
 Analytical Engine was a proposed mechanical general-purpose
computer designed by English mathematician and computer
pioneer Charles Babbage.[2][3] It was first described in 1837 as the
successor to Babbage's difference engine, which was a design for
a simpler mechanical computer.[4] The Analytical Engine was to be
a general-purpose, fully program-controlled, automatic
mechanical digital computer. It would be able to perform any
calculation set before it.

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