In Situ Conservationfor 2nd Semester M.Sc. Botany

TOPIC:In situ Conservation
SUBJECT: BOTANY
SEMESTER: 2nd SEMESTER M.Sc. BOTANY
Paper/Course: MBOTCC-8 (Unit IV)
(Plant tissue Culture,Ethanobotany,Biodiversity & Biometry)
NAME OF THE TEACHER: Dr.INDRANI TRIVEDI,
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
(Guest Faculty)
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
COLLEGE/UNIVERSITY:PATNA SCIENCE COLLEGE,
PATNA UNIVERSITY
EMAIL ID: [email protected]
MOBILE NUMBER: 980I60496I
In situ Conservation
Biodiversity is the richness of organisms. It mainly refers to the variety and

variability of life existing on the planet Earth. The term biodiversity usually refers
to the process of measuring the variation at the genetic, species, and ecosystem
level. Biodiversity plays a vital role in boosting the ecosystem. The factors
responsible for the cause of changes in biodiversity are:
▪ Increase in population
▪ Habitat loss
▪ Pollution
▪ Invasive species
▪ Over exploitation
▪ Change in the climatic conditions
We all need to conserve biodiversity, as it leads to the conservation of essential
ecological diversity to preserve the continuity of food chains.
Biodiversity can be conserved in two main ways, in-situ conservation and ex-situ
conservation.
In situ conservation is the on-site conservation of genetic resources in natural

populations of plant or animal species such as forest genetic resources, in
natural populations of tree and animal species .
Figure:Biodiversity conservation methods

In-Situ Conservation Strategies:
In-situ or on site conservation is conservation of wild animals and plants in their
natural habitat. The aim of in-situ conservation is to allow the population to
maintain or perpetuate itself within the community environment, to which it is
adapted. In-situ conservation is the ideal method of conserving wild plant
genetic resources.
Protected Areas:
Areas of natural habitats/ecosystem under in situ conservation are called
protected areas. The I994 IUCN guidelines for protected area management
categories define a protected area as an area of land or sea specially dedicated
to the protection and maintenance of biological diversity and of natural and
associated cultural resources and managed through legal or other effective
means.There are many types of protected areas with differing degrees of
protection,permanency and purpose. India has over 600 protected areas, which
includes over 90 national parks, over 500 animal sanctuaries and more than 15
biosphere reserves.
Hotspots:
It is a natural area showing maximum biodiversity and endemic species.Species

in this area are proved to be endangered. Norman Myers developed the hot
spots concept in I988 to designate priority areas for in situ conservation. He
identified I2 hot spots. Of the 25 hot spots in the world, two are located in India
extending into the neighbouring countries.Western ghats and Eastern
Himalayas in India has been identified as hot spots. These areas are particularly
rich in floral wealth and endemism, especially flowering plants. Reptiles,
amphibians, swallow-tailed butterflies, and some mammals are also found here.
National Park:
A national park is a reserve of land, usually owned by a National Government.

It is a tract of land, which is declared public property to preserve and develop
for the purpose of recreation and culture. It is protected from human
development activities and pollution. National parks are protected areas of
IUCN category II.
Yellowstone National Park in California was established as the world’s first
protected area. The first national park in India was Hailey National Park, now
known as Jim Corbett National Park, established in the year 1935.
In national park all private rights are non existent and all forestry operations
and other usages such as grazing of domesticated animals are prohibited.
Some national parks are as below:
Nationl Park Location

Hazaribagh national park Jharkhand
Betla national park Jharkhand
Periyar national park Kerala
Kanha national park Madhya Pradesh
Gir national park Gujrat
Valmiki national park Bihar
Sanctuaries:
A sanctuary is a reserved area for the protection of wildlife. Collection of forest
products, cutting trees for timber are allowed provided they do not affect the
animals. There are 448 existing wildlife sanctuaries in India. Another 217
sanctuaries are proposed in the Protected Area Network report.
A wild life sanctuary is dedicated to protect the wild life mainly endangered
species. In the sanctuary killing,hunting or capturing of any species is prohibited
except by or under the control of highest authority in the department
responsible for management of sanctuary.
Bird sanctuary Location
Ghana Keoladeo bird sanctuary Bharatpur(Rajasthan)
Kabarlake bird sanctuary Begusarai(Bihar)
• Rhino sanctuary: Kaziranga of Assam. This sanctuary is mainly for

Rhinoceros(I855 rhinos). Mammals protected are hog deer,pig,wild
elephant,buffaloes,swamp deer,wild water buffalo and sambhar.
• Pobitora wildlife sanctuary:Located 30 km east of Guwahati.This
sanctuary has a dense population of the one horned rhinoceros and also
home to 200 migratory birds and various reptiles.
• Crocodyles sanctuary: Tristate Chambal sanctuary is jointly run by
Rajasthan,Uttar Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh.
• Musk deer sanctuary: Kedarnath sanctuary of Uttaranchal
• Hangul deer sanctuary: Dachigam sanctuary of Jammu & Kashmir
Biosphere Reserves:
In Biosphere reserves whole ecosystem is conserved. The concept of biosphere

reserves has come under the Man And Biosphere Programme (MAB) of
UNESCO.Biosphere reserves have been described as undistributed natural areas
for scientific study.
The biosphere reserve has concentric areas zoned for different use.
a. The core zone is the innermost zone devoted to preserve biodiversity with
no human interference.
b. Around the core zone there is the buffer zone in which some settlement and
resource use is allowed. In this area, variety of educational programmes and
research activities are carried out, such as identification of endangered
species, artificial propagation of species, and application of tissue culture
techniques to enable rapid multiplication of threatened species.
c. The outermost zone is the transition zone where sustainable development

activities are permitted. This is an area of interaction between the biosphere
reserve management and the local people. Here activities such as forestry,
recreation, cropping, etc. are permitted.
Figure: Different zone of Biosphere Reserve
Some biosphere reserves of India is represented in table:

Advantages of in-situ conservation:
1. The flora and fauna live in natural habitats without human interference.
2. The life cycles of the organisms and their evolution progresses in a natural
way.
3. In-situ conservation provides the required green cover and its associated
benefits to our environment.
4. It is less expensive and easy to manage.
5. The interests of the indigenous people are also protected.
Advantages of In-Situ Conservation of Plant Resources:
a. It enables the conservation of a large range of potentially interesting alleles.
b. This method is especially suitable for species, which cannot be established

or regenerated outside the natural habitats.
c. This method allows natural evolution to continue because of the existence of
variation.
d. It facilitates research on species in their natural habitats.
e. It assures protection of other species that are dependent on the species

under consideration.
References:
http://www.biologydiscussion.com/essay/biosphere-reserve-importance-of-
biosphere-reserve/5471
http://www.yourarticlelibrary.com/biodiversity/conservations-of-biodiversity-
in-situ-conservation-and-ex-situ-conservation/30144
https://media.springernature.com/original/springerstatic/image/chp%3A10.10
07%2F978-981-13-89269_14/MediaObjects/460356_1_En_14_Fig2_HTML.png

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TOPIC:In situ Conservation

Biodiversity is the richness of organisms. It mainly refers to the variety and

In situ conservation is the on-site conservation of genetic resources in natural

Figure:Biodiversity conservation methods

It is a natural area showing maximum biodiversity and endemic species.Species

A national park is a reserve of land, usually owned by a National Government.

Some national parks are as below:

Nationl Park Location

Bird sanctuary Location

Ghana Keoladeo bird sanctuary Bharatpur(Rajasthan)

Kabarlake bird sanctuary Begusarai(Bihar)

• Rhino sanctuary: Kaziranga of Assam. This sanctuary is mainly for

In Biosphere reserves whole ecosystem is conserved. The concept of biosphere

c. The outermost zone is the transition zone where sustainable development

Figure: Different zone of Biosphere Reserve

Some biosphere reserves of India is represented in table:

4. It is less expensive and easy to manage.

5. The interests of the indigenous people are also protected.

Advantages of In-Situ Conservation of Plant Resources:

a. It enables the conservation of a large range of potentially interesting alleles.

b. This method is especially suitable for species, which cannot be established

d. It facilitates research on species in their natural habitats.

e. It assures protection of other species that are dependent on the species

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