1 Heat and Gases Chapter 1 Temperature and Thermometers

1 Temperature and Thermometers

Practice 1.1 (p.6) 5 Let T be the required temperature.
T 0 80  35
1 A =
100  0 120  35
2 (a) Lower fixed point: 0 C
T = 52.9 C
Upper fixed point: 100 C
The required temperature is 52.9 C.
(b) We can reproduce the lower and upper
6 (a) Any three of the following:
fixed points by using pure melting ice
Liquid-in-glass thermometer
and pure boiling water at normal
Infra-red thermometer
atmospheric pressure respectively.
Thermistor thermometer
3 (II), (IV), (V), (I), (III)
Liquid crystal thermometer
4 (a) Temperature is a measure of the degree
(b) Liquid-in-glass thermometer: volume of
of hotness of an object.
liquid
(b) This is because these two fixed points
Infra-red thermometer: intensity of infra-
are easily reproducible.
red radiation
(c) Divide the range between the two fixed
Thermistor thermometer: resistance of
points into 1000 equal divisions.
thermistor
(d) John’s statement is incorrect.
Liquid crystal thermometer: colour of
Steam point should be the temperature of
liquid crystal
steam over pure boiling water at normal
7 (a) Let T be the temperature when the length
atmospheric pressure.
of the alcohol column is 15.6 cm.
T 0 15.6  4.2
=
Practice 1.2 (p.14) 100  0 18.4  4.2
1 B T = 80.3 C
2 C The temperature is 80.3 C when the
3 B length of the alcohol column is 15.6 cm.
4 (a) The resistance of thermistor (b) Let x be the length of the alcohol column
(b) It has a thermistor connected to an at 30 C.
x  4 .2 30  0
ammeter and a power supply. When the =
18.4  4.2 100  0
temperature increases, the resistance of
x = 8.46 cm
the thermistor decreases and so the
The length of the alcohol column at
current in the circuit increases. A larger
30 C is 8.46 cm.
current indicates higher temperature.

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1 Heat and Gases Chapter 1 Temperature and Thermometers

8 (a) Conventional questions (p.17)

x0 12.0  3.7
10 = 1M
100  0 24.6  3.7
x = 39.7 1A
11 (a) Let x be the column length at 37 C.
x6 37  0
= 1M
21  6 80  0
x = 12.9 cm 1A
The column length at 37 C is 12.9 cm.
(b) Let y be the column length at steam
point.
y  6 100  0
=
21  6 80  0
y = 24.8 cm 1A
(b) 15 cm The column length at steam point is
(c) 80 C 24.8 cm.
12 Choose the ice point and the steam point as
Revision exercise 1 the lower fixed point and the upper fixed point
Concept traps (p.16) respectively. 1A
1 F Then divide the range between these fixed
The unit of Celsius temperature should be C. points into 100 equal divisions. 1A
2 F Each division is 1 C. 1A
The thermometer should be placed in pure The lower fixed point is taken as 0 C and the
melting ice. upper fixed point is taken as 100 C. 1A
13 (a) Let T be the temperature when the liquid
Multiple-choice questions (p.16) column is 7.7 cm long.
T 0 7.7  3.2
3 B = 1M
100  0 18.2  3.2
4 D
T = 30 C 1A
5 A
The temperature is 30 C when the
6 C
R  25 40  0 liquid column is 7.7 cm long.
= (b) Let L be the length of the liquid column
80  25 100  0
R = 47 units when the temperature is 65 C.
65  0 L  3.2
7 C = 1M
100  0 18.2  3.2
8 C
T 0 40  10 L = 13.0 cm 1A
=  T = 37.5 C The length of the liquid column is
100  0 90  10
9 (HKDSE Practice Paper 2012 Paper 1A Q1) 13.0 cm when the temperature is 65 C.

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1 Heat and Gases Chapter 1 Temperature and Thermometers

14 (a) Let T be the temperature measured when 16 (a) A rotary thermometer measures
the length of the column is 8.8 cm. temperature by measuring the curvature
T 0 8 .8  3 .8 of the bimetallic strip. 1A
= 1M
100  0 16.4  3.8 The bimetallic strip consists of two
T = 39.7 C 1A metal strips which expand with different
The temperature measured is 39.7 C amounts when heated to cause a change
when the length of the column is 8.8 cm. in curvature of the strip. 1A
T 0 L  3 .8
(b) = If a strip with only one kind of metal is
100  0 16.4  3.8
used, it would only expand but not bend
100L – 380 = 12.6T
when heated. 1A
L = 0.126T + 3.8 1A
L (b) Metal A expands more. 1A
Therefore, zinc corresponds to metal A.
1A
17 (a) Copper and metal X should be used. 1A
They have the largest difference in
T thermal expansion. 1A
(b) Use metal X 1A
(Correct axes) 1A
to make a resistance thermometer. 1A
(Correct straight line with a positive
Metal X has the highest melting point.
slope) 1A
1A
(c) Mercury is poisonous. 1A
18 (a) In a certain range of temperature, the
15 (a) From the graph, when the length of the
volume of mercury is directly
mercury column is 16 cm, the
proportional to the temperature. 1A
temperature is 56 C. 1A
Mercury has a higher boiling point. 1A
(b) Let L be the length of the mercury
(Or other reasonable answers)
column when the temperature is –10 C.
(b) (i) Volume increased
10  0 L6
= 1M = 0.0748  0.0735
100  0 24  6
= 0.0013 cm3 1A
L = 4.2 cm 1A
(ii) Length increased
The length of the mercury column is
volume increased
4.2 cm when the temperature is –10 °C. =
cross sectional area
(c) Slope of the graph 0.0013
24  6 =
= 1M 0.01  0.01
100  0
= 13 cm 1M
= 0.18 1A
Length of the mercury column
(d) L = 0.18T + 6 1A
= 13 + 3.6= 16.6 cm 1A

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1 Heat and Gases Chapter 1 Temperature and Thermometers

(c) His idea is incorrect. 1A

Water does not expand linearly with
temperature. 1A

Experiment questions (p.19)

19
R / unit

L1

L2

T / C

(a) (Correct labelled axes with units) 1A

(A correct straight line) 1A
(b) (i) (Correct data points) 1A
(A smooth curve passing through
all data points) 1A
(ii) The actual resistance is smaller.
1A

Physics in article (p.19)

20 (a) Colour of the bottle 1A
Liquid crystal thermometer 1A
(b) It conducts electricity. 1A
It can complete/break a circuit at certain
temperature. 1A

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