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    MBM M1 Crystal Structure

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    ARAVIND BABU

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    MBM M1 Crystal Structure

    Uploaded by

    ARAVIND BABU
    18 views48 pages

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    © © All Rights Reserved

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    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    18 views48 pages

    MBM M1 Crystal Structure

    Uploaded by

    ARAVIND BABU

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as pdf or txt
    of 48

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    Crystal structure
    •Solids
    •Crystalline materials Crystalline
    materials
    •Amorphous materials
    •Regular and repetitive arrangement of
    atom.
    •Long range order.
    eg. Metals,
    eg. Glass •High density
    ceramics

    Amorphous
    materials

    •No periodic arrangement of atoms.


    •Random arrangement of atoms
    •Short range order.
    •Low density

    Ref: Material science and engineering, William D . Callister


    Crystal lattice
    Lattice parameters
    Crystal systems

    Crystal systems Edge length Inter-axial


    angles
    Cubic a=b=c α=β=γ=90ᵒ
    Tetragonal a=b≠c α=β=γ=90ᵒ
    Orthorhombic a≠b≠c α=β=γ=90ᵒ
    Hexagonal a=b≠c α=β=90ᵒ, γ=120ᵒ

    Rhombohedral a=b=c α=β=γ≠90ᵒ


    Monoclinic a≠b≠c α=γ=90ᵒ≠β
    Triclinic a≠b≠c α≠β≠γ≠90ᵒ
    Crystal systems
    a≠b≠c
    a=b≠c
    α = β = γ = 90ᵒ
    a=b=c α = β = γ = 90ᵒ
    α = β = γ = 90ᵒ

    a=b≠c
    α = β = 90ᵒ, γ = 120ᵒ

    a=b=c
    α = β = γ ≠ 90ᵒ

    a≠b≠c a≠b≠c
    α = γ = 90ᵒ ≠ β α ≠ β ≠ γ ≠ 90ᵒ
    Bravais Lattice
    Simple cubic structure
    Body centered cubic structure

    eg: W, V, Mo, Mn, Cr


    Face centered cubic structure

    eg: Cu, Ag, Al, Au, Ni


    Hexagonal close packed structure

    eg: Be, Mg, Zn, Cd


    Co-ordination number
    Atomic Packing Factor (APF)
    Atomic packing factor (APF)
    =Volume of atoms in the unit cell /Volume of unit cell
    =N atom/unit cell x V atom/V unit cell

    N atom/unit cell = 8 x 1/8 = 1


    N atom/unit cell = 8 x 1/8 + 1 = 2
    N atom/unit cell = 8 x 1/8 + 6 x 1/2 = 4
    A

    a h a

    c
    B C
    D a

    Area of one equilateral


    triangle hcp
    N atom/unit cell
    = 12 x 1/6 + 3 + 2 x ½ = 6
    Volume of hexagonal prism,
    Theoretical Density of metallic solids
    Mass of Atoms in Unit Cell
    Density = ρ =
    Total Volume of Unit Cell

    n is the number of atoms per unit cell


    M is the atomic weight
    N is the Avogadro number
    V is the volume
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    • Directions in hcp are represented using three
    index system or four index system ie. [u’ v’w’]
    or [uvtw]
    • Conversion of three axis system to four axis
    system
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    Angle between two planes having
    miller indices (h1k1l1) and (h2k2l2) is
    Packing sequence

    fcc
    hcp
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