CISNEROS, Joyce Mariz E.

9/17/2020
2 BS Accountancy – B

ACTIVITY 1
1. Both authors have similarities and dissimilarities in their narratives. State at least two
accounts that they are alike and two accounts that they are different? Quote the lines
from the document to support them.

SIMILARITIES DIFFERENCES
Ending statements of the election The introductory part/first part of the
two narratives
Alvarez: “The people began to disperse and (dissimilar in a way that Alvarez’s account
the Supremo adjourned the meeting with these started at the assembly at Tejeros while
words: “In my capacity as chairman of this Agoncillo’s began on the happenings before
convention and as President-Supremo of the the convention that lead to the election for a
Most Venerable Katipunan of the Sons of the new government)
People which association is known and
acknowledge by all, I hereby declare null and Alvarez: “The Assembly at Tejeros was finally
void all matters approved in this meeting.” convened on 25 March 1897. The invitations to
Then he left quickly and was followed by his the meeting were signed by Secretary Jacinto
aides and some others present.” Lumbreras of the Magdiwang Council, and he
presided over the assembly.”
Agoncillo: “The people then began to leave
the hall, and Bonifacio, frustrated and deeply Agoncillo: “In the first flush of rebel victory
wounded in feeling, cried aloud: “I, as climaxing the simultaneous attacks upon the
Chairman of this assembly, and as President Spanish garrisons and convents, followed by
of the Supreme Council of the Katipunan, as the dismal failure of Governor General Blanco
all of you do not deny, declare this assembly to smash the insurgent power, the Katipunan
dissolved, and I annul all that has been of Cavite, divided into factions, the Magdiwang
approved and resolved.” With this parting and the Magdalo, immediately proceeded to
statement, he left the hall, followed by his reorganize the province along partisan lines.”
men.”
Dates, Biases and After Election
Arguments on Katipunan’s form of
(the two accounts have different dates on
government. Tejeros Assembly. Alvarez’s memoir reveals
the cheating of the election and contains the
Alvarez: “…the “K” in the middle of the sun in happening after the assembly while Agoncillo
the Katipunan flag used in the Revolution did not)
stood for Kalayaan (Freedom). Mr. Severino
de las Alas spoke again. He countered that the Alvarez: “The Assembly at Tejeros was finally
letter ‘K” and the sun on the flag did not convened on 25 March 1897.”
indicated whether the revolutionary “…he distributed pieces of paper to serve as
government was democratic or not.” ballots. When the ballots had been collected
and the votes were ready to be canvassed, Mr.
Agoncillo: “…the Katipunan flag with a K in Diego Mojica, the Magdiwang secretary of the
the middle, which embodied the ideal of the treasury, warned the Supremo that many
revolutionists, namely, liberty. De las Alas, not ballots distributed were already filled out...”
contented with the Supremo’s explanation, “Mr. Baldomero Aguinaldo, the Magdalo
countered that the K in the flag of the president, did not leave San Francisco de
Katipunan did not in any way identify the kind Malabon that night, in order to convince the
of government that they had, whether such Magdiwang leaders to reconvene the
government was monarchial or republican.” disrupted meeting the following day”

Agoncillo:
“It was March 22, 1897, Aguinaldo’s birthday,
when simultaneously the battle raged and the
assembly convened at Tejeros.”
“The ballots were prepared and distributed.
The balloting was made successively, that is,
the office of the President was first voted upon,
after which the other offices were filled in
singly.”
No account on after election

2. Which of the two accounts is more credible? Is it the memoir of Alvarez or research
findings of Agoncillo? Why?
Between the two accounts, the research findings of Agoncillo is more credible. Not
only because it was written by one of the most prominent and greatest historians, but
because the content of the “Seeds of Discontent” presented a lot of points and events
which give us better understanding how things happened that are not mentioned in
Alvarez’s memoir. It did not only focus on the election but also stated the events that are
significant why the election happened. Moreover, in my history class before, I
remembered that Artemio Ricarte took oath of his responsibility on March 23, 1897, a day
after the Tejeros Assembly, as Captain-General. Going back, Agoncillo’s account stated
that the day of Tejeros Assembly was held on the 22 nd day of March 1897. As you can
see, his account is in accordance with our existing historical documents which makes
“Seeds of Discontent” proven to be more credible.

3. Do you think the Katipuneros had the good chance of victory against the Spaniards?
Why?
I think that the Katipuneros do not have a good chance of victory against the
Spaniards. According to the accounts of both Alvarez and Agoncillo, the Katipuneros,
being divided into two factions, lack unity and understanding about having an over-all
government that is fitted to rule. Although, they share the same goals in defeating and
claiming liberty against the Spaniards, one thinks that their faction is better than the other,
thus refusing to cooperate. Also, when they finally tried to elect officers, a conflict arose
between Bonifacio and Tirona. After this, the two parties were supposed to meet up and
revalidate the proceedings as well as revive their alliances. However, the Magdalo faction
did not show up. This only shows an unwillingness to reconcile. The continuance of having
unresolved issues, noncooperation, and misunderstandings would just hold the
Katipuneros up in achieving victory over the Spaniards.

4. What were the factors surrounding the issue of replacing the Katipunan with another
form of government?
The factors surrounding the issue of replacing Katipunan with another form of
government are (1) its necessity. Another form of government is necessary since
Katipunan ceased to remain as a secret society when it started the revolution, making it
no longer needed. (2) Magdiwang faction as the initiator of the Revolution. Being the one
who lead the revolution, they believe that they fit to rule. (3) The number of victories.
Magdalo insist that they won several battles therefore, fitted to rule. (40) Katipunan did
not identify what kind of government it is. Lastly, (5) there were lack of cooperation and
misunderstandings over unresolved issues on the Katipuneros.

5. Was Andres Bonifacio justified in declaring the Tejeros election null and void? Why?

Andres Bonifacio’s declaration on nulling and voiding the Tejeros election was not
justified because he only did it out of embarassment and rage. He only did it because he
was humiliated and insulted by Daniel Tirona who asserted that a lawyer should handle
the position of Secretary of Interior, the position which Bonifacio was elected despite the
agreement that the votes of the majority be followed. The whole results of the election
had nothing to do with it and must not be involved with his personal conflict with Tirona
because it was only him whom Andres had issues with.
ENRICHMENT
Direction: Go around your place. Find and examine a primary source. Have a photo of
the primary source with you. Paste the captured photos inside the box.

Explain how such source above qualifies as primary. What aspects in history does the
source have that will drive you for further study and investigation?
This is a poem written by my classmate in Senior High. As we all know, poem is
one form of literature and Work of Art and Literature is considered as one of the primary
sources. Our final project in our subject, 21st Century Literature, was to submit as a class
all the literatures we individually composed about SOCCSKSARGEN. It happened that I
compiled all the literatures made by my classmates. One of these is the picture above. It
speaks of the state of SOCCSKSARGEN, being chaotic and how many lives were
affected by such hostile condition. The words and ideas came from my classmate herself.
The poem speaks of her experience and observation as a citizen of SOCCSKSARGEN
which justify that it is a primary source.
The aspect in history the source has that drives me to further study and investigate
is the political dispute between the terrorists and the government. I want to know the
cause why the issues between them never ends and how it greatly affects the people,
most especially, the children.
Direction: What do you think are advantages and disadvantages of primary and
secondary sources. Enter at least two every category.

Advantages Disadvantages

Primary Source Secondary Source Primary Source Secondary Source

1. More accurate 1. Easily 1. Difficult to find 1. Potentially
and reliable; free accessible, (e.g. personal inaccurate and
from subsequent immediately letters, memoirs, unreliable
misinterpretations available etc.)
2. Unbiased since 2. More 2. Time-consuming 2. Incomplete or
they are eye- enhanced/improved (e.g. preparing filtered/biased
witness accounts contents of existing interviews, surveys, information
that happened primary source etc.)
during a specific
time period
3. Original; provides 3. Evaluated and 3. Translation of 3. Interpretation of
unfiltered access to examined events information may be information or
the record of the that contains expert faulty (e.g. memoir content may be
past which are opinions of Alvarez on the misleading
limited or rare date of Tejeros
Assembly)
ASSESSMENT
Direction: Write your answer before the number.

Magdiwang 1. Which faction of the Katipunan had planned to hold a

convention at Tejeros?
March 22, 1897 2. What date was the Tejeros Assembly convened in
Agoncillo’s account?
Agoncillo’s account 3. Which account gave a description of the place where the
Tejeros Assembly took place?
Severino de las Alas 4. Who raised the issue that instead of discussing first how
to strengthen defense in Cavite, the convention should agree
upon the kind of government to set up and administer the
revolutionary group?
Antonio Montenegro 5. Who among the Magdalo raised the temper high for
saying that the Katipuneros are like robbers, or worse,
animals without reason, if they do not change the form of
government?
Santiago Alvarez 6. Who is Gen. Apoy in Alvarez’s account?
Artemio Ricarte 7. Who is Gen Vibora in Alvarez account?
Baldomero Aguinaldo 8. Who is this ‘somebody’ in Agoncillo’s account but named
in Alvarez’s who suggested that the electors should stand on
one side when their candidates were called?
Andres Bonifacio 9. Who was elected Director of Interior?
Daniel Tirona 10. Who protested Bonifacio’s election as secretary of the
Interior?
Historical Interpretation 11. The process that a researcher uses to verify that the
contents of a document are accurate is known as ________.
Historical Research 12. The process that a researcher uses to verify that the
historical documents are genuine is known as _______.
Testimony 13. A _______ is a document prepared by an individual who
was a direct witness to an event being described.
Primary Source 14. It is the testimony of an eyewitness or of one who or that
which was present at the event of which he/she tells.
Secondary Source 15. It is the testimony of anyone who is not an eyewitness –
that is of one who was not present at the events of which he
tells.