PASSIVE GREEN

BUILDING STRATEGIES
REPORT
GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN (ARC61804)

TUTORIAL GROUP : MR NIK SYAZWAN BIN NIK AB. WAHAB

STUDENT NAME : JADEN LIM KAI JIE
STUDENT ID NO. : 0337132

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN 1

TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION OF SITE 5. FAÇADE DESIGN
1.1 SITE LOCATION 5.1 NORTHWEST FACADE
1.2 DESIGN BRIEF 5.2 SOUTHWEST FACADE
5.3 NORTHEAST FACADE
2. INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT 5.4 SOUTHEAST FACADE

2.1 DESIGN CONCEPT STATEMENT

6. NATURAL DAYLIGHTING
2.2 PLUS COMPONENT
6.1 INTRODUCTION
6.2 SHADING DEVICES
3. ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS
12 6.3 DAYLIGHT PENETRATION STRATEGIES
3.1 PLAN
3.2 ELEVATION 7. NATURAL VENTILATION
7.1 INTRODUCTION
4. SITE PLANNING 7.2 NATURAL VENTILATON STRATEGIES

4.1 CLIMATIC ANALYSIS 7.3 AIR COOLING STRATEGIES

4.2 READING 7.4 ARTIFICIAL STRATEGIES

4.3 ORIENTATION 8. STRATEGIC LANSCAPING

4.4 SITE PLANNING 8.1 GREEN ROOFING
4.5 SOLAR ANALYSIS 8.2 PLANTING SPACES
4.6 WIND ANALYSIS 8.3 AQUAPONIC FALAJ SYSTEM
4.7 SITE SETBACK AND OTHER FACTORS 9. REFERENCES
GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN 2
1 INTRODUCTION OF SITE
1.1 SITE LOCATION 1.2 DESIGN BRIEF

FURTHERING THE THEMATIC EXPLORATION OF “ENGAGING ENVIRONMENT AND

COMMUNITY”, PROJECT 2 CALLS FOR THE DESIGN OF A KEBUN KOMUNITI PLUS WITHIN THE
SUBURBAN NEIGHBOURHOOD OF USJ. THE STUDENTS ARE REQUIRED TO PROVIDE FULL
DESIGN PROPOSALS INCORPORATING FINDINGS FROM PRECEDENT STUDIES AND SITE
ANALYSIS

THE PROJECT AIMS TO DESIGN AND CREATE ARCHITECTURAL SPACES TO FOSTER A

SENSE OF COMMUNITY AMONG THE USERS.

IN LINE WITH THE LEARNING

OUTCOMES OF THE MODULE, STUDENTS
SHALL EXPLORE WITHIN THE FRAMEWORK
OF:

• THE ENVIRONMENT, BOTH NATURAL

AND MAN-MADE;

• THE COMMUNITY OF END-USERS AND

THEIR EXPERIENCES AND HOW TO
FOSTER THE SENSE OF COMMUNITY
THROUGH DESIGN;
THE STUDIO 4 PROJECT IS LOCATED AT A PLOT OF LAND AT THE CENTER OF A RAISED
PARK IN THE MIDDLE OF USJ 2. • THE MATERIALITY, ITS ENVIRONMENTAL
POETICS AND ITS INTEGRATION INTO
WIND PATH SUN PATH DESIGN; AND FINALLY

• THE USE SPATIAL TYPOLOGY AS A

STRATEGY IN DESIGN.

THE MAIN PREVAILING WIND IS FROM THE SOUTH WITH SECONDARY WINDS FROM THE
EAST NORTHEAST AND THE WEST.

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN

2 INTRODUCTION OF PROJECT
2.1 DESIGN CONCEPT STATEMENT 2.2 PLUS COMPONENT
COALESCENCE
• INTEGRATE THE AQUAPONIC
DEFINITION: SYSTEM AND A FALAJ
“THE JOINING OR MERGING OF ELEMENTS TO FORM SYSTEM
ONE MASS OR WHOLE” • AQUAPONIC
• AQUAPONICS ARE WATER-
EFFICIENT
DURING MY RESEARCH I WANTED TO DEFINE • USING UP TO 10 TIMES LESS
WHAT A PARK IS FOR? WATER THAN TRADITIONAL
AGRICULTURE.
• DIFFERENT DEMOGRAPHICS CAN UNIFY
IMAGE PLACEMENT HOLDER • FALAJ SYSTEM
TOGETHER. • OLD IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR
FARMERS
• CHILDREN CAN PLAY AT THE PLAYGROUNDS. • AN AQUAPONIC SYSTEM
• CONSTANT RUNNING WATER
• ADULTS CAN COME TOGETHER AND RELAX. EXPOSES LOTS OF WATER
MOLECULES TO THE AIR.
• ELDERLY CAN EXERCISE AND SHARE STORIES OF
• THE RUNNING WATER
THEIR LIFE.
COMING DOWN THE FALAJ
• REPRIEVE FROM CURRENT QUARANTINE LIFE AT SHOULD AERATE THE WATER
HOME.

ASSIMILATE THE IDEA OF THE • SYSTEM IS SUITABLE FOR FRESH AND

UNIFICATION OF THE COMMUNITY SALTWATER SPECIES
• TILAPIA, CARP AND BASS
CREATE A DESIGN THAT WOULD • VEGETABLES IS LIMITED TO WATER-
IMAGE PLACEMENT HOLDER
MERGE MAN-MADE AND NATURAL HEAVY CROPS
ELEMENTS TOGETHER. • CUCUMBERS AND GREEN LEAFY
VEGETABLES LIKE LETTUCE.

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN

3 ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS
3.1 GROUND
SCALE 1:150 FLOOR PLAN

5
3 ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS
3.1 UPPER
SCALE 1:150 GROUND FLOOR PLAN

6
3 ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS
3.1 FIRST
SCALE 1:150 FLOOR PLAN

7
3 ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS
3.1 ROOF
SCALE 1:150 PLAN

8
3 ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS
3.2 NORTHWEST ELEVATION

3.2 SOUTHWEST ELEVATION

9
3 ORTHOGRAPHIC DRAWINGS
3.2 NORTHEAST ELEVATION

3.2 SOUTHEAST ELEVATION

10
4 SITE PLANNING
4.1 CLIMATIC ANALYSIS 4.3 ORIENATION
TROPICAL RAINFOREST CLIMATE MALAYSIA IS CLASSIFIED ORIENTATION
AS AN TROPICAL RAINFOREST
CLIMATE IN THE KOPPEN BUILDING ORENTATION REFERS
CLIMATE CLASSIFICATION TO THE ORIENTATION OF THE BUILDING
OTHERWISE KNOWN AS IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE SOLAR AND
EQUATORIAL CLIMATE. WIND PATH. IN THE EQUATORIAL
THE WEATHER IS HOT CLIMATE IT IS IMPORTANT TO REDUCE
AND HUMID ALTHROUGHOUT THE AMOUNT OF SOLAR HEAT GAIN
THE YEAR. FROM THE SUN BY REDUCING THE
EXPOSED FAÇADES AT THE EAST AND
ANNUAL AVERAGE
WEST.
TEMPERATURE
THE BUILDING SHOULD ALSO BE
ORIENTED TO ACCOUNT FOR THE
27°C PREVAINING WIND AND SECONDARY
MALAYSIA IS EXPOSED TO THE EL NINO EFFECT NATURAL WINDS. IN THE TROPICAL
WHICH REDUCES RAINFALL IN THE DRY SEASON. ANNUAL AVERAGE HUMIDITY RAINFOREST CLIMATE IT IS IMPORTANT
MALAYSIA FACES 2 MONSOON WINDS SEASONS, TO MAXIMISE THE AMOUNT OF
THE SOUTHWEST MONSOON FROM LATE MAY TO NATURAL VENTILATION PASSING INTO
SEPTEMBER AND THE NORTHEAST MONSOON FROM 74% TO 86% THE BUILDING TO REDUCE THE
OCTOVER TO MARCH. TEMPERATURE WITHIN THE BUILDING
AND INCREASE THE THERMAL
COMFORT.
4.2 READINGS
HIGHEST TEMPERATURE MOST AMOUNT OF RAIN
4.4 SITE PLANNING
9 APRIL 1998 6 JANUARY 1967
40.1 °C 608 MM THE BUILDING IS SITUATED AT
THE CENTER OF A RAISED PARK
LOWERST TEMPERATURE ANNUAL AVERAGE RAINFALL EXPOSED TO THE SUN FROM ALL
SIDES WITH NO SHADE.
1 FEBRUARY 1978 THE BUILDING WAS
2.420 MM
7.8 °C DESIGNED TO USE AS MUCH LATERAL
SPACE AS POSSIBLE TO REDUCE THE
HEIGHT OF THE BUILDING WHILE
ALLOWING ENOUGH USABLE SPACE TO
CONFORM MORE WITH THE SITE.
THE MASSING WAS
CREATED AS A CLUSTER AS FRAME
SYSTEM, SURROUNDING A
CENTRALISED COURTYARD WITH
VIEWS FACING INTERNALY TO THE
AQUAPONIC SYSTEM.

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN 11

4 SITE PLANNING
4.5 SOLAR ANALYSIS 4.6 WIND ANALYSIS
6AM THE SITE IS LOCATED AT THE THE PREVAILING WIND
TOP OF AN ARTIFICIAL HILL 35000MM COMES FROM THE SOUTH WITH
ABOVE SEA LEVEL. THE SITE IS ALSO SECONDARY WINDS FROM THE
LOCATED AT THE CENTER OF A PARK EAST NORTHEAST AND THE SOUTH.
THEREFORE THE SITE HAS NO SHADE TO PROMOTE NATURAL
FROM ANY ADJACENT BUILDINGS AND IS VENTILATION OPENINGS SHOULD BE
FULLY EXPOSED TO THE SUN FROM ALL CREATED FACING THESE
ANGLES. DIRECTIONS TO REMOVE TRAPPED
OUR DESIGN BRIEF STATES HEAT WITHIN THE SPACES
THAT OUR BUILDING REQUIRES THE THE BUILDING WAS
MAJORITY TO BE INTERGRATED AS DESIGNED TO BE VERY OPEN WITH
SPACES FOR GREEN PLANTINGS. THIS MINIMAL WALLS TO INCREASE THE
REQUIRES THE SPACES TO HAVE AMOUNT OF VENTILATION PASSING
ENOUGH SUNLIGHT PENETRATING THE THROUGH THE SPACES.
12PM PLANTING SPACES FOR PLANT GROWTH. THE EXTERNAL OF THE
DUE TO THIS REQUREMENT I BUILDING WAS DESIGNED TO BE
DECIDED TO CREATE A MASSING WITH A CURVED TO REDUCE THE DRAG AND
CENTERAL COURTYARD TO ALLOW FOR PROMOTE LAMINAR FLOW IN FLUID
ENOUGH LIGHT TO ENTER INTO ALL DYNAMICS.
SPACES..
THE SITE GIVEN IS NOT
DIRECTLY ORIENTED TO THE CARDINAL
DIRECTIONS, INSTEAD IT IS ORENTED TO
THE ORDINAL DIRECTIONS.
DUE TO THIS ORIENTATION
MOST OF THE FACADES ARE EXPOSED
TO SUNLIGHT HEATING UP THE INTERNAL
SPACES.

6PM
TEMPERATURE READINGS
4.7 SETBACK AND OTHER FACTORS
THE BULDING HAS A SETBACK OF 3
METERS ON ALL SIDES WITH 6 METERS SETBACK
WHERE THE ROAD ENTRIES.
I HAVE PROPOSED TO CHANGE THE ROAD
TO ENTRY IN FROM THE TOP OF THE SOUTHWEST SIDE
OF THE SITE TO ALLOW FOR THE BETTER POSITIONING
OF THE ROAD AS WELL AS PARKING SPACES.
DUE TO THE SITE BEING AT THE TOP OF A
HILL DRAINAGE SHOULD NOT BE A PROBLEM AS WATER
WILL FALL DOWN INTO THE SURROUNDING DRAINAGE
SYSTEM.

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN 12

5 FAÇADE DESIGN
5.1 NORTHWEST FACADE 5.2 SOUTHWEST FACADE
THE FAÇADE IS SPLIT INTO 2 SECONDARY FAÇADE THIS FAÇADE ALSO SPLIT INTO SERVICE
FACES, ONE MAJOR FAÇADE AND A 2 WITH A SECONDAY ENTRANCE AS THE ENTRANCE
SECONDARY FAÇADE. THE FAÇADE IS VOID. THE LEFT SIDE OF THE FAÇADE
SPLIT LIKE THIS TO CREATE A HALLWAY- SERVES AS A SERVICE ENTERANCE FOR
ESQUE SPACE FOR THE MAIN ENTRANCE PARKING AREA THE TRUCKS AND HEAVY EQUIPMENT. THE
AS WELL AS SPACE FOR PARKING. PRIMARY FAÇADE RIGHT SIDE OF THE FAÇADE ACTS AS A
SERVICE
STEPPED PLANTING SPACE THAT EXTENDS
DROPOFF
AT THE MAJOR FAÇADE, UP ONTO THE NORTHEAST FAÇADE. STEPPED GARDEN
THE MAJORITY OF THE FIRST FLOOR IS
MADE OF CONCRETE DUE TO ITS CURVED OPEN WEB STEPPED THE LEFT FAÇADE IS CURVED TO
THERMAL CAPACITY OF BLOCKING OUT WALL GIRDER GARDEN CREATE VISUAL CONNECTION BETWEEN THE
STEEL HEAT. THE FAÇADE HAS EXPOSED NORTHWEST AND SOUTHWEST FACADES.
GIRDERS STEEL H COLUMNS WITH PROMARY CONCRETE SERVICE THIS ORGANIC CONNECTION ALSO ACT AS A
GURDERS AND SCONDARY I BEAMS TO WALL ENTRANCE WAY TO REDIRECT THE NATURAL WIND
ALLOW FOR PASSIVE VENTILATION TO COMING FROM THE WEST INTO THE MAIN
PASS THROUGH THE GIRDERS WHILE ENTRANCE AS WELL AS THE SECONDARY
STEEL ALLOWING THE SPACE TO BE SHADED. ENTRANCE. THE RIGHT SIDE ACTS AS A
CONCRETE
COLUMNS THE STEEL STRUCTURAL STEPPED PLANTING AREA FOR MORE
WALL
SYSTEM IS USED LIKE A SEPERATION EXTERNAL PLANTS.
GUIDE FOR THE CONCRETE AND THE
SANDSTONE BRICKS. THIS FIRST FLOOR IS ENTIRELY OPEN
TO THE SUN AND IS USED AS AN EXTERIOR
THE MAJORITY OF THE FIRST FLOOR VERTICAL GARDEN
WIND FROM ENE WIND FROM S PLANTING SPACE. THIS FAÇADE ALSO CONTINUES
IS OPEN AND THERFORE PASSIVELY VENTILATED TO USE THE PLANTER BOXES FROM THE
FROM ALL SIDES EXCEPT THE SOUTHEAST. NORTHWEST FAÇADE. THE RIGHT SIDE AFTER THE
THIS SIDE OF THE FAÇADE IS MADE OF VOID HAS VERTICAL OPENINGS TO ALLOW LIGHT VERTICAL VOIDS
SANDSTONE BRICK PLANTER BOXES. TO ENTER THE TOILETS BELOW. ON THE OTHER
WHEN VINES GROW ALONG THE SIDE OF THE CENTRAL COURTYARD IS THE
PLANTER BOXES
PLANTER BOXES THE VINES WILL COVER THE VERTICAL GARDEN THAT IS USED TO SHADE PARTS
GROUND FLOOR FAÇADE AND HELP SHADE IT WIND FROM W OF THE INTERIOR FIRST FLOOR. PLANTER BOXES
FROM THE SUN
PLANTER SPACES VERTICAL GARDEN STEPPED GARDEN
GLASS BOTTOM POOL LIGHTS UP
THE INTERNAL AREAS
OVER HANGING FIRST FLOOR CREATES SHADE

MAIN PLANTER
ENTRANCE VERTICAL VOIDS
SPACES

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN 13

5 FAÇADE DESIGN
5.3 NORTHEAST FACADE 5.4 SOUTHEAST FACADE
STEPPED
THE LEFT OF THE FAÇADE STARTS ON THE LEFT OF THE FAÇADE CONTUNUES
KITCHEN DINING
THE GROUND FLOOR WHERE IT INCREASES IN WITH THE NORTHEAST AS AN CURVED OPENING TO
HEIGHT AS WE MOVE ON TO THE RIGHT. THIS THE EAST SUN. THIS SPACE IS USED AS AN EVENT
MAJORITY OF THIS FAÇADE IS MADE OF VERTICAL INTERNAL
SPACE FOR COMMUNITY EVENTS. IT IS OPEN TO THE
LOUVERED FINS. THE REASON WHY THIS SIDE IS PLANTING
DINING SPACE AND RAMPS THAT CONNECT IT TO THE
HEAVILY VENTILATED BECAUSE THE FAÇADE IS SPACES UNDER THE RAMP. THIS ALLOWS PLENTY OF
WHERE THE KITCHEN AND DINING AREA IS LOCATED. VERTICAL FINS NATURAL LIGHT AND WIND TO ENTER BOTH SPACES.

THE LEFT SIDE STARTS WITH A

FIRST UPPER INTERNAL FIRST FLOOR THE SLOPE ITSELF ACTS AS
STORAGE AREA WHICH IS WHY IT DOES NOT
STEPPED FLOOR FIRSTFLOOR PLANTING OPENING SHADING FROM THE EASTERN SUN AND AS A
HAVE ANY OPENINGS. THE GROUND FLOOR
GARDEN GARDEN LANDING WAY TO FUSE THE BUILDING TO THE SITE.
VERTICAL FINS START AT THE KITCHEN TO
THE SLOPE ITSELF ACTS AS NATURAL
NATURALLY VENTILATE THE HEAT AND ODOR
DRAINAGE TO DRAIN AWAY ACCESS
AWAY. THE TRUSSES ARE ALSO EXPOSED
RAMP RAINWATER OUT. THE SLOPE HAS
ON THIS FAÇADE TO VISUALLY CONNECT
LANDINGS INTERGRATED SKYLIGHTS AT IMPORTANT
WITH THE REST OF THE BUILDING DESIGN.
SPACES UNDER THE SLOPE. THE LEFT AREA
AS WE MOVE ON TO THE RIGHT THE
OF THE SLOPE HAS LARGER SKYLIGHTS AS
LOUVERS INCREASE IN HEIGHT AS IT
IT IS USED AS A GREEN PLANTING SPACE.
INTERACTS WITH THE STEPPED DINING
THE SMALLER SKYLIGHTS ARE TO LIGHT THE
AREA. AS HEAT RISES THE SLOPED ROOF GREEN ROOF
KITCHEN STEPPED SITE PLATFORMS ON THE INTERNAL RAMP
STORAGE NATURALLY REDIRECTS THE AIR UP AND SLOPE
DINING SYSTEM.
OUT OF THE BUILDING.

ON THE RIGHT SIDE OF THE FAÇADE THERE OUTDOOR VIEWING ON THE RIGHT IS A SECONDARY
IS AN OPENING THAT DIRECTLY FACES THE EAST. THIS PLATFORM SLOPE THAT ATTACHES TO THE ROOFING OF ROOF POND
OPENING ALLOWS NATURAL AND DIRECT SUNLIGHT TO STEPPED THE FIRST FLOOR. THIS SLOPE ACTS AS A
ENTER THE SPACE DURING THE MORNINGS TO LIGHT UP GARDEN SUPPORT FOR THE ROOFING AND CREATES
THE INTERNAL SPACES AND FOR THE PHOTO SYNTHESIS VOIDS WHERE THE NATURAL VENTILATION
OF THE PLANTS WITHIN THE BUILDING. DUE TO THIS PART AND LIGHTIHG CAN PASS INTO BOTH THE SECONDARY
OF THE STRUCTURE BEING RAISED THE NATURAL WIND GROUND AND THE FIRST FLOOR. SLOPE
COMING FORM THE WEST CAN VENTILATE THE SPACE.
ROOF SECONDARY
EAST POND SLOPE
EAST
STEPPED OPENING
VERTICAL ALUMINIUM LOUVERS OPENING SKYLIGHTS
GARDEN

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN 14

6 NATURAL DAYLIGHTING
AQUAPONIC SYSTEM
6.1 INTRODUCTION
THE AQUAPONIC SYSTEM AT THE
THE DESIGN BRIEF FOR STUDIO PROJECT 4
CENTER OF THE SITE HAS 2 SHADING
STATES THAT WE NEED TO DESIGN A BUILDING THAT
SYSTEMS IN PLACE, ABOVE THE CONCENTRIC
ENCORPORATES PLANTING SPACES INTO THE FABRIC
PATHWAY THERE IS A CONCRETE WATER
OF THE DESIGN. THIS CREATES NEW CHALENGES FOR
SYSTEM THAT IS CONNECTED TO THE FALAJ
US TO FACE AS THE PLANTINGS WILL NEED PLENTY OF
NETWORK AND ACTS AS SHADING FOR THE
DAYLIGHT TO PHOTOSYTHESISE. WE WILL NEED TO
WALKWAY AS WELL AS THE WAY WATER
DESIGN A BUILDING THAT WILL ALLOW FOR MAXIMUM
GETS TO THE AQUAPONIC. DUE TO THE
PENETRATION INTO THE PLANTING SPACES AND YET DO
PROPERTIES OF WATER THE SYSTEM ALSO
NOT ALLOW TOO MUCH HEAT TO ENTER THE BUILDING.
LOWERS THE TEMPERATURE DUE TO
EVAPORATION
IN MY BUILDING I AT THE CENTER OF THE
DESIGNED THE USABLE SPACES AQUAPONIC SYSTEM IS A TREE THAT WILL
TO SURROUND A CENTERAL ACT AS SHADE FOR THE SEATING AT THE
COUTYARD SYSTEM. CENTRE THE LEAVES ACT AS SHADE AND THE
THIS ALLOWS THE TREE WILL ALSO COOL DOWN THE SPACE
MOST AMOUNT OF LIGHT TO THROUGH EVAPOTRANSPIRATION.
ENTER EACH SPACE AS THEY
WILL BE LIT FROM BOTH THE ENTRANCE OVERHANG
EXTERIOR AND THE INTERIOR
FACADES. THIS IS ALSO WHERE
THE AQUAPONIC SYSTEM WILL ABOVE THE ENTRANCE OF
BE. THE BUILIDING THERE IS A WALKWAY FOR
THE EXTERNAL PLANTING SYSTEM. THIS
6.2 SHADING DEVICES WALKWAY ACTS AS A OVERHANG AT THE
PARKING AREA WHICH SHADES THE
OPPERABLE VERTICAL ALUMINIUM FINS GROUND WALKWAY AS WELL AS
THE SOUTHEAST ELEVATION USES PARTIALLY SHADES THE CARS AT THE
OPPERABLE VERTICAL ALUMINIUM FINS ALONG PARKING SPACES.
THE MAJORITY OF THE FAÇADE. THE VERTICAL
LOUVERS ARE USED ON THIS FAÇADE BECAUSE
BEHIND IT IS THE KITCHEN AND DINING AREA. TO GREEN VERTICAL GARDEN
PREP FOOD A LOT OF LIGHT IS NEEDED SO THE
REFLECTIVE FINS ALLOW MAXIMUM DAYLIGHT AT THE FIRST FLOOR OF THE
PENETRATION INTO THE SPACE. WHEN IT RAINS INTERNAL FAÇADE AT THE SOUTHEAST
OR IF THERE IS TOO MUCH HEAT COMING FROM ELEVATION THERE IS A VERTICAL GARDEN.
THE OUTSIDE, THE LOUVERS CAN BE CLOSED. PLANTINGS IN THIS AREA WILL GROW
THE SAME VERTICAL FINS ARE USED VERTICALLY TO COVER THE GRID AND ACT AS
AT THE TOP OF THE INTERNAL FAÇADE FOR THE NATURAL SHADING. THE SHADING GRIDS ARE
SAME PURPOSE. THE FINS ONLY COVER THE SEPPERATED SO THAT EVEN WHEN THE VINES
TOP AS I DID NOT WANT TO OBSTRUCT THE GROW THERE WILL STILL BE ENOUGH SUNLIGHT
VIEW AND I ALSO WANTED ENOUGH LIGHT TO ENTERING THE INTERNAL SPACES.
REACH THE PLANTER BOXES BELOW.

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN 15

6 NATURAL DAYLIGHTING
6.3 DAYLIGHT PENETRATION STRATEGIES EAST SIDE FAÇADE OPENING

SKYLIGHTS THE EAST FAÇADE HAS AN

SUSPENDED OPENING. THIS OPENING IS
THE SPACE UNDERNEATH THE INFRONT OF THE EVENT SPACE WHICH IS
SLOPE IS USED AS AN INTERNAL PLANTING ADJACENT TO THE DINING AREA AND THE
SYSTEM WITH DIFFERENT HEIGHT OFSETS. THE UNDERSLOPE PLANTING AREA. THE OPENING
PLANTING SYSTEM WILL NEED NATURAL WAS PLACED HERE TO BRING IN THE MAXIMUM
SUNLIGHT FOR THE PLANTS TO AMOUNT OF LIGHT INTO THESE 2 AREAS AS
PHOTOSYNTHESISE THEREFORE I CREATED BOTH OF THEM NEED TO BE WELL LIT FOR THEIR
SKYLIGHTS IMBEDED IN THE SLOPE TO FUNCTIONS.
NATURALLY LIGHT THE AREA.
GLASS BOTTOM RETAINING POOL
SLOPE OPENINGS
THE FIRST FLOOR OF THE FALAJ-APONIC
DUE TO THE SLOPE IMPLIMENTS A GLASS BOTTOM GLASSED RETAINING
BEING A 3 POINT AXIS SLOPE POOL. THIS IS USED BECAUSE THE INTERNAL SPACE IS
THE DESIGH ALLOWS FOR A USED AS AN INTERNAL PLANTING AREA.
LARGE VOID WHERE LIGHT CAN ROOF PONDS PROVIDE COOLING BENEFITS
ENTER INTO THE PLANTING THROUGH THE EFFECT OF INDIRECT EVAPORATIVE
SPACES UNDERNEATH. COOLING AND RADIENT COOLING. IN BOTH OF THESE
PROCESSES THE ROOF US USED AS A HEAT
OPEN WEB GIRDER EXCHANGE ELEMENT WHERE THE ROOF IS COOLED BY
THE EFFECT OF EVAPORATION ON THE WATERS
THE STRUCTURAL SYSTEM WAS DESIGNED
SURFACE.
TO BE EXPOSED TO THE OUTSIDE AND ACT AS AN
THE ROOF POND ALSO FILTERS THE AMOUNT OF
ACCENT TO THE FAÇADES. THIS DESIGN ALLOWS LIGHT
NATURAL SUNLIGHT ENTERING THE GREENHOUSE
TO ENTER IN THROUGH THE OPEN WEBS WITHIN THE
CREATING A PARTIALY COOLED AREA FOR THE
GIRDER INTO THE SPACES BEHIND. THIS DESIGN IS
GARDENERS.
SEEN THROUGOUT ALL THE FACADES INTERIOR AND
EXTERIOR. THIS ALLOWS HORISONTAL BEAMS OF LIGHT
GLASS BOTTOM FALAJ SYSTEM
TO ENTER MOST SPACES CREATING A VISUAL
CONNECTION FACTOR TO ALL THE SPACES. THE GLASS BOTTOM FALAJ
SYSTEM RUNS THROUGOUT THE
BATHROOM LIGHT WELLS
BUILDING AS IT WAS INTERGRATED INTO
THE BATHROOMS WERE PLACED IN AN AREA THE BUILDING FROM THE INCEPTION OF
THAT SHOULD NOT HAVE OPENINGS ON THE WALL AS THE DESIGN. THIS IDEA WAS TO ALLOW
PEOPLE GARDENING WILL BE ABLE TO LOOK INWARDS. TO NATURAL LIGHTING TO ENTER INTO THE
NATURALLY LIGHT UP THE AREA I DECIDED TO CONVERT DEEP INTERIOR SPACES. THE FALAJ
THE PLANTING SPACES ABOVE INTO LIGHT WELLS. THESE SYSTEM WILL BE FILLED WITH WATER
LIGHTWELLS CONTUNUE THE AESTHETICS OF THE AND WILL REFLECT AND REFRACT THE
BUILDING DESIGN WHILE ALLOWING A DIFERENT USE CASE. LIGHT IN AN ATMOSPHERIC WAY. THE
THE LIGHT WELLS ARE OPEN AND THEREFORE RAIN CAN FALAJ SYSTEM FLOWS THROUGH THE
ENTER INTO THE BATHROOM WHICH ENHANCES THE BUILDING IN LINES CREATING LINES OF
ATMOSPHERE. LIGHT DURING THE MID-DAY.

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN 16

7 NATURAL VENTILATION
7.1 INTRODUCTION 7.2 NATURAL VENTILATION STRATEGIES
CROSS VENTILATON
THE SITE’S MAIN PREVAILING WIND
COMES FROM THE SOUTH WITH SECONDARY WINDS MY BUILDING TAKES ADVANTAGE OF
FROM THE EAST NORTHEAST AND FROM THE WEST. PASSIVE CROSS VENTILATION AS A NATURAL
THE WINDIER MONTHS LAST FOR 2.9 MONTHS FROM WAY OF COOLING DOWN THE BUILDING. THIS
JUNE 9TH TO SEPTHER 5TH. REDUCES THE COOLING LOAD NEEDED AND CAN
WHEN DESIGNING THE BUILDING I ENHANCE THERMAL COMFORT FOR VISITORS
CREATED VOIDS WHERE THE NATURAL VENTILATION AND GARDENERS.
IS COMING FROM TO VENTILATE AWAY HEAT THE BUILDING REDIRECTS THE
GAINED BY HUMAN ACTIVITIES. PREVAILING WIND FROM THE SOUTH INTO THE
THE BUILDING WAS DESIGNED TO BE SOUTHEAST FAÇADE WHERE IT ENTERS AND
OPEN WITH VERY FEW WALLS TO INCREASE THE CROSS VENTILATES THE KITCHEN AND DINNING
AMOUNT OF VENTILATION INTO THE INTERNAL AREAS. THE WIND THEN CONTINUES THROUGH
SPACES. THE COURTYARD AND CROSS VENTILATES
THROUGH THE ENTRANCE OUT THE
NORTHWEST FAÇADE.
CURVED BUILDING DESIGN
THE BUILDING ALSO CROSS
VENTILATES THE FIRST FLOOR AT THE
THE EXTERIOR OF THE NORTHEAST FAÇADE FROM THE EAST
BUILDING WAS DESIGNED TO BE NORTHEAST.
CURVED. THIS IS TO REDUCE THE
SECONDARY STACK VENTILAITON
DRAG OF THE INTERMISSION
WEST WIND
BETWEEN WALLS. IF THE WALL
THE STACK EFFECT
WAS SHARP AND NOT CURVED
WORKS THROUGH THE PRINCIPLE
THE FRICTION CREATED BY THE
SECONDARY OF BUOYANCY. AS AIR BECOMES
WIND PUSHING ON THE WALL
WEST WIND WARMER IT BECOMES MORE DENSE
SLOWS DOWN THE WIND
AND MORE BUOYANT. WHEN IT
DRAMATICALY AND CAN HAVE
PREVAILING BECOMES MORE BUOYANT IT
TERRIBLE REDIRECTION
SOUTH WIND BEGINS TO RISE. AS THE AIR RISES
PROPERTIES DEPENDING ON THE
IT CREATES A VACCUM. THIS IS
DIRECTION OF THE AIRFLOW.
WHERE THE COOLER OUTSIDE AIR
THE REASON I
IS NATURALLY DRAWN IN AT THE
WANTED TO USE ROUNDED EDGE
LOWER FLOORS.
WALLS WAS BECAUSE THIS SHAPE
DUE TO MY GROUND TO
SECONDARY DRAMATICLY REDUCES THE
ROOF RAMP SYSTEM THE TRAPPED
WEST WIND AMOUNT OF FRICTION AND
INDOOR AIR CAN EASILY FOLLOW
THEREFORE DRAG AFFECTING
THE CEILING REDUCING DRAG AND
THE WIND. THE REDUCTION IN
PROMOTES LAMINAR FLOW. THIS
DRAG HELPS TO PROMOTE
MAKES IT EASIER FOR THE HOT AIR
LAMINAR FLOW IN FLUID
TO RISE FOLOWING THE CEILING OF
DYNAMICS CREATING A MORE
THE RAMP ALL THE WAY TO THE
EFFICIENT FLOW OF WIND.
FIRST FLOOR.

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN 17

7 NATURAL VENTILATION
VERTICAL FARM
7.3 AIR COOLING STRATEGIES
THE VERTICAL FARM AT THE INTERIOR OF
WATER COOLING
THE NORTHEASTERN FAÇADE ACTS AS 2 PURPOSES IN
WATER CAN BE USED TO COOL NATURAL VENTILATION, IT REGULATES THE WIND
DOWN THE BUILDING DUE TO THE EFFECT OF ENTERING THE FIRST FLOOR PLANTING SPACES AND ACT
EVAPORATION. EVAPORATION IS WHEN THE AS AN AIR-COOLING STRATEGY AS IT WILL HAVE THE
WATER CHANGES STATES OF MATTER FROM EFFECT OF EVAPOTRASPIRATION. THIS VERTICAL
LIQUID INTO GAS. THIS CHANGE USES UP PLANTING WILL HAVE A HIGHER RATE OF
ENERGY AND THEREFORE COOLS DOWN THE EVAPOTRANSPIRATION AS MORE OF THE VINES WILL BE
SURROUNDING ENVIRONMENT. EXPOSED TO THE DAYLIGHT
THIS COOLER AIR CAN THEN BE
NATURALLY
BUILDING.
VENTILATED THROUGH THE 7.4 ARTIFICIAL STRATEGIES
SLOPE OPENING
THE FALAJ SYSTEM IS INTERGRATED
THROUGHOUT THE DESIGN THEREFORE THIS
THE SLOPE HAS OPENINGS ON
EFFECT WILL BE HAPPENING ALL AROUND THE
THE NORTHEAST WHERE IT ALLOWS THE
DIFFERENT PLACES IN THE BUILDING.
EAST NORTHEASTERN WINDS TO CROSS
THE AQUAPONIC SYSTEM AT THE
VENTILATE THROUGH THE INTERNAL
CENTRE OF THE SITE ALSO ACTS AS A SPACE
SLOPE.
WHERE THE WATER COOLING WILL TAKE PLACE.

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION NORTH OPENING

EVAPOTRANSPIRATION IS THE THE EAST FAÇADE HAS AN

WATER LOST TO THE ATMOSPHERE FROM THE OVERHANGING OPENING WHICH ALLOWS
GROUND SURFACE, EVAPORATION FROM THE THE EAST NORTHEASTERN WINDS TO
CAPILLARY FRINGE OF THE GROUNDWATER FLOW INTO THE EVENT SPACE AND INTO
TABLE, AND THE TRANSPIRATION OF THE OPEN DINNING SPACE.
GROUNDWATER BY PLANTS.
TRANPSIRATION IS THE MECAHNICAL LOUVER FINS
EVAPORATION OF WATER FROM PLANT THE MECHANICAL LOUVERED FINS
LEAVES. THIS ACCOUNTS FOR 10 PERCENT OF ARE OPPERABLE SO THEY CAN BE OPEN AND
MOISTURE IN THE ATMOSPHERE. CLOSED. THIS DEVICE ALLOWS THE
DUE TO THE BUILDING BEING FULL REGULATION OF AIR FLOWING INTO THE
OF NATURAL PLANTATIONS THIS EFFECT KITCHEN AND DINING SPACES.
HAPPENS IN THE DAY WHEN THE PLANTS WHEN THE LOUVERS ARE OPEN THE
LOOSE WATER TO THE SUN. THIS HELPS TO NATURAL VENTILATION FROM THE SOUTH CAN
REDUCE THE INTERNAL TEMPERATURE OF THE ENTER INTO THE KITCHEN AND DINING SPACES
SPACES. THIS WILL HELP REDUCE THE TEMPERATURE
THIS EFFECT ALSO INCREASES INSIDE THE BUILDING.
THE HUMIDITY OF THE SPACES WHICH IS WHY IF IT IS RAINING OR THE WIND IS
THE BUILDING IS WEL VENTILATED AS THE TOO HIGH THE FINS CAN BE CLOSED TO
WIND WILL HELP PUSH AWAY THE HUMID AIR CONTROL THE AMOUNT OF WIND ENTERING THE
AND REPLACE IT WITH FRESH AIR. SPACE.

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN 18

8 STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING
STEPPED GARDEN
8.1 GREEN ROOFING
GREEN ROOF THE STEPPED GARDENING SPACE
STARTS ON THE GROUND FLOOR AT THE SOUTH
THE ENTIRETY OF MY BUILDING USES
WEST FAÇADE. THE GARDEN INCREASES IN
MULTIPLE GREEN ROOFS, THIS WAS BECAUSE I
HEIGHTS OF 250MM AND REACHES THE FIRST
WANTED TO VISUALLY FUSES THE BUILDING TO
FLOOR. THIS ENTIRE GARDEN IS OPEN TO THE
THE SITE. THE USAGE OF A GREEN ROOF
SKY AND GETS NATURAL DAYLIGHT ALL
INSULATES THE BUILDING FROM THE HEAT
THROUGHOUT THE DAY. THIS GARDEN IS USED
RADIATED FROM THE SUN. THE GREENROOF ALSO
FOR PLANTINGS THAT NEED TO BE GROUND
ACTS AS A BUFFER FOR RAINWATER. IT CAN
BASED AND NEEDS A LOT OF SUNLIGHT. AT THE
ABSORB THE WATER AND DRAIN IT TO BE
LEFT OF THE SPACES ARE WATER RETAINING
RECYCLED INTO THE FALAJ WATER SYSTEM.
BASINS USED TO WATER THE PLANTS
THE PLANTS ON THE ROOFING ABSORB
50% OF THE SUNLIGHT AND REFLECT 30% AWAY.
THIS HELPS TO CREATE A COOLER ENVIRONMENT. 8.2 PLANTING SPACES
THIS MEANS THAT INDOOR SPACES BELLOW DOES
FIRST FLOOR PLANTING SPACE
NOT NEED TO USE MUCH ENERGY CONSUMING
DEVICES TO BRING THE TEMPERATURE DOWN TO A THE FIRST FLOOR PLANTING SPACE IS
DECENT CONFORT LEVEL. THIS REDUCTION IN SPLIT INTO 2, INTERNAL AND EXTERNAL, THE INTERNAL
HEATING ALSO INCREASES THE EFFICENCY OF SPACE IS FOR TO PLANTS THAT DON’T NEED MUCH
SOLARPANELS LOCATED AT THE ROOF RAMP AS LIGHTING WHILE THE EXTERNAL PLANTS ARE EXPOSED
THE COOLER ENVIRONMENT INCREASES TO SUNLIGHT FOR THE ENTIRE DAY. THE ROOFING OF
EFFICENCY OF SOLAR PANELS. THE FIRST FLOOR IS MADE FROM A CLEAR GLASS
THE GREEN ROOF PURIFIES THE AIR RETAINING POOL TO ALLOW PARTIAL SUNLIGHT IN.
THROUGH THE CONVERSION OF CARBON DIOXIDE
VERTICAL GARDEN
TO OXYGEN AND REDUCES URBAN HEAT ISLAND
EFFECT. DUE TO THE ENTIRETY OF MY BUILDING
THE VERTICAL GARDENING IS AN
BEING COVERED WITH GREEN ROOFS IT ALLOWS
EXTENTION OF THE INTERNAL AREA OF THE FIRST
FOR PARTS OF THE ROOFING TO BE PLANTING
FLOOR PLANTING SPACE.
SPACES TO BE GROWN ON.

GREEN SLOPE AND RAMPS DINING PLANTING SPACE

AT THE NORTHEAST FAÇADE THERE

THE DINING PLANTING
IS A LARGE 3 POINT GREEN SLOPE THAT SLOPES
SPACE IS PLACED AT THE
FROM THE GROUND FLOOR TO THE ROOFING.
INTERNAL SOUTH EAST FAÇADE.
THIS ROOFING ACTS AS A SHADING DEVICE FOR
THE RAILINGS FOR THE STEPPED
THE INTERNAL SPACES UNDERNEATH.
DINING SPACE WAS CONVERTED
WITHIN THE CENTRAL COURTYARD
INTO SPACES WHERE SPICES AND
THERE IS A RAMP SYSTEM THAT CONNECTS THE
HERBS CAN BE PLANTED AND
GROUND FLOOR WITH THE ROOFING OF THE
USED FOR PREPPING FOOD IN
FIRST FLOOR. THIS ACTS AS A GREEN PATHWAY
THE KITCHEN.
TO REACH THE PLANTING SPACES ABOVE.

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN 19

8 STRATEGIC LANDSCAPING
INTERNAL PLANTING SPACE WATER FILTRATION SYSTEM

THE SPACES ARE SPLIT INTO 3 PARTS RANGING THE AQUAPONIC SYSTEM USES 2
IN HEIGHTS CONNECTED THROUGH OKU FRIENDLY RAMPS. FILTRATION SYSTEMS; SOLID SEPARATORS AND
THE FIRST PLANTING SPACE IS AT 1000MM. THIS SPACE IS BIOFILTRATION. THE MOST COMMON SOLID
LIT THROUGH THE SKYLIGHTS INBEDED INTO THE SLOPE. SEPARATORS USED ARE CLARIFIERS. CLARIFIERS ARE
THIS SPACE IS FOR PLANTS THAT NEED THE LEAST USED TO REDIRECT SOLIDS TO THE BOTTOM OF THE
AMOUNT OF SUNLIGHT.THE SECOND SPACE IS AT 3000MM SETTLER AND CLEAN WATER CAN RISE TO THE OTHER
OFF THE GROUND WHERE IT IS PARTIALLY LIT BY THE SIDE OF THE SEPARATOR.
SKYLIGHTS AND THE OPENINGS ON THE UPPER SIDE OF THE BIOFILTRATION SYSTEM CONVERTS
THE SLOPE. THIS SPACE IS USED FOR PLANTINGS THAT HARMFUL SUBSTANCES LIKE AMMONIA INTO NITRATES
NEED MEDIUM AMOUNTS OF LIGHT. THE THIRD SPACE IS AT BY BACTERIA. THE NITRATES SERVE AS A USEFUL
4000MM WHERE IT CONNECTS WITH THE FIRST FLOOR NUTRIENT FOR THE PLANTS. THIS SYSTEM IS
PLANTING AREA. THIS SPACE HAS THE MOST LIGHT OF ALL INSTALLED BETWEEN THE MECHANICAL FILTER AND
THE 3 INTERNAL PLANTING SPACES AND ACT AS A THE GROW BEDS AND REQUIRES AERATION FROM AN
PROTECTED GARDENING AREA FOR FRAGILE PLANTS THAT AIR PUMP FOR THE NITRIFYING BACTERIA TO OXIDIZE
NEED A LOT OF SUNLIGHT. AMMONIA.
INDOOR WATER DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM
8.3 AQUAPONIC FALAJ SYSTEM
INTERNAL PLANTING SPACE
A MAIN BENEFIT OF AQUAPONICS
IS HOW WATER-EFFICIENT THE SYSTEM IS,
USING UP TO 10 TIMES LESS WATER THAN
TRADITIONAL AGRICULTURE.
THIS IS IMPORTANT BECAUSE OF THE
LIMITED SUPPLY OF WATER ON SITE.
THE FALAJ SYSTEM IS AN OLD OMANI
IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR BRINGING FRESH
GROUND WATER TO FARMERS WHICH IS WHY
I WANTED TO IMPLEMENT IT HERE AS THE
IRRIGATION SYSTEM FOR MY GARDEN. THE
CONSTANT RUNNING WATER COMING DOWN
THE FALAJ SYSTEM SHOULD EXPOSES LOTS
OF WATER MOLECULES TO THE AIR AND
AERATE THE WATER. THIS IS IMPORTANT AS
THE FISH IN THE AQUAPONIC SYSTEM NEEDS
TO HAVE WATTER DIFFUSED INTO THE
WATER TO SURVIVE.
THE SYSTEM IS SUITABLE FOR FRESH AND
SALTWATER SPECIES, INCLUDING TILAPIA,
CARP AND BASS, THE RANGE OF
VEGETABLES IS LIMITED TO WATER-HEAVY
CROPS LIKE CUCUMBERS AND GREEN LEAFY
VEGETABLES LIKE LETTUCE.

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN 20

9 REFERENCES

1. Google. (n.d.). The Population of Peninsular Malaysia. Google Books. https://books.google.com.my/books?id=e4Yp2QJNVWgC&redir_esc=y.

2. Milotlamicha. (2021, July 10). Climate Subang Jaya. meteoblue. https://www.meteoblue.com/en/weather/historyclimate/climatemodelled/subang-jaya_malaysia_8504423.

3. Monsoon, web.archive.org/web/20080320105546/www.kjc.gov.my/english/education/weather/monsoon01.html. n.d.). Retrieved from

https://web.archive.org/web/20151116010753/http://www.met.gov.my/web/metmalaysia/education/climate/generalclimateinformation

4. Ecologyasia.com. 2021. Mount Kinabalu - revered abode of the dead. [online] Available at: <https://www.ecologyasia.com/html-loc/mount-kinabalu.htm> [Accessed 10 July 2021].

5. Met.gov.my. 2021. [online] Available at: <https://www.met.gov.my/data/research/researchpapers/2017/researchpaper_201702.pdf> [Accessed 10 July 2021].

6. World Weather & Climate Information. 2021. Average monthly wind speed for Kuala Selangor (Selangor), Malaysia.. [online] Available at: <https://weather-and-climate.com/average-

monthly-Wind-speed,kuala-selangor-selangor-my,Malaysia> [Accessed 10 July 2021].

7. Designingbuildings.co.uk. 2021. Stack effect. [online] Available at: <https://www.designingbuildings.co.uk/wiki/Stack_effect> [Accessed 10 July 2021].

8. SimScale. 2021. Stack Effect Ventilation& Bernoulli's Principle | SimScale. [online] Available at: <https://www.simscale.com/blog/2019/08/stack-ventilation-bernoulli-effect/>

[Accessed 10 July 2021].

9. Sempergreen.com. 2021. Benefits of a green roof - Sempergreen. [online] Available at: <https://www.sempergreen.com/en/solutions/green-roofs/green-roof-benefits> [Accessed 10

July 2021].

GREEN STRATEGIES FOR BUILDING DESIGN 21