B Sc Programme in Physics, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Thevara

SACRED HEART COLLEGE (AUTONOMOUS) THEVARA,

KOCHI – 682013 KERALA

CURRICULUM AND SYLLABUS

FOR
B. Sc. Physics
(CHOICE BASED COURSE CREDIT SEMESTER SYSTEM)

Prepared By
Board of Studies in Physics
Sacred Heart College (Autonomous)
Thevara, Kochi

2019

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 B Sc Programme in Physics, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Thevara

CONTENTS

1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT 4
2. TITLE 5
3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME 5
4. DEFINITIONS 8
5. DURATION OF THE PROGRAMME 9
6. COURSE DESIGN 9
7. PROGRAMME STRUCTURE 9
8. MARKS DISTRIBUTION 13
9. CONSOLIDATED SCHEME FOR Physics courses in : I TO VI SEMESTERS (Core)
and I to IV semesters (Complementary) 19
10. SYLLABUS- CORE PHYSICS 22
11. SYLLABUS -COMPLEMENTARY PHYSICS FOR MATHEMATICS 78
12.SYLLABUS- COMPLEMENTARY PHYSICS FOR CHEMISTRY 89

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1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

There are many profound personalities whose relentless support and guidance

made this syllabus restructuring 2019 a success. We take this opportunity to express

our sincere appreciation to all those who were part of this endeavour for restructuring

the syllabus of U G course in Physics under Sacred Heart College (Autonomous)

Thevara.

We place on record our wholehearted gratitude to the members of Faculty of

Physics and Board of Studies for their untiring efforts.

Thevara
29-06-2018

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2. TITLE

B. Sc. PHYSICS PROGRAMME – Under Graduate Programmes under Choice

Based Credit System, 2019 (UG CBCS 2019).

3. AIMS AND OBJECTIVES OF THE PROGRAMME

Aims:
The Board of Studies in Physics (UG) recognizes that curriculum, course
content and assessment of scholastic achievement play complementary roles in
shaping education. The committee is of the view that assessment should support
and encourage the broad instructional goals such as basic knowledge of the
discipline of Physics including phenomenology, theories and techniques, concepts
and general principles. This should also support the ability to ask physical
questions and to obtain solutions to physical questions by use of qualitative and
quantitative reasoning and by experimental investigation. The important student
attributes including appreciation of the physical world and the discipline of Physics,
curiosity, creativity and reasoned skepticism and understanding links of Physics to
other disciplines and to societal issues should gave encouragement. With this in
mind, we aim to provide a firm foundation in every aspect of Physics and to explain
a broad spectrum of modern trends in physics and to develop experimental,
computational and mathematics skills of students.
The programme also aims to develop the following abilities:

1. Read, understand and interpret physical information – verbal, mathematical

and graphical.
2. Impart skills required to gather information from resources and use them.

3. To give need based education in physics of the highest quality at the

undergraduate level.

4. Offer courses to the choice of the students.

5. Perform experiments and interpret the results of observation, including making an

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 B Sc Programme in Physics, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Thevara

assessment of experimental uncertainties.

6. Provide an intellectually stimulating environment to develop skills and

enthusiasms of students to the best of their potential.

7. Use Information Communication Technology to gather knowledge at will.

8. Attract outstanding students from all backgrounds.

Objectives:

The syllabi are framed in such a way that it bridges the gap between the
plus two and post graduate levels of Physics by providing amore complete and
logical framework in almost all areas of basic Physics.
By the end of the first year (2nd semester), the students should have
attained a common level in basic mechanics, a secure foundation in
mathematics, Chemistry(otherwise specified), Languages and other relevant
subjects to complement the core for their future courses and developed their
experimental and data analysis skills through experiments at laboratories.
By the end of the second year(4th semester), the students should have been
introduced to powerful tools for tackling a wide range of topics in Optics, Laser, Fiber
optics, Semiconductor devices and circuits. Along with Languages, they should have
been familiar with additional relevant techniques in mathematics, Chemistry or
Electronics/Computer application and developed their experimental and data analysis
skills through a wide range of experiments through practical at laboratories.
By the end of the third year (6th semester)r, the students should have developed

their understanding of core Physics by covering a range of topics in almost all areas of

physics including Classical and Quantum Mechanics, Electricity and Electrodynamics,

Relativity and spectroscopy, Thermal and Statistical Physics, Nuclear and Particle

physics, Solid State Physics, Digital Electronics etc. along with one choice based

courses, Open course and had experience of independent work such as projects;

seminars etc. and thereby developing their experimental skills through a series of

experiments which also illustrate major themes of the lecture courses.

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UndergraduateProgramme Outcomes (POs)

PO1 Critical Thinking& Deep Domain Knowledge

PO2 Effective Communication
PO3 Contribute to Nation Building
PO4 Care for the Environment
PO5 Ethical Values
PO6 Global Perspective

Programme Specific Outcomes (PSOs)

At the end of the programme a student should be able to:

PSO1
Understand concepts relating to properties of matter, thermodynamics, classical mechanics,
relativity and energy and environmental physics, incorporating the contributions of relevant
physicists in these fields.
PSO2
Apply and analyse the concepts of electricity, magnetism, electrodynamics, optics, spectroscopy
and optoelectronics; with special emphasis on the contributions by eminent scientists in these
fields.
PSO3
Apply and analyse the concepts of semiconductor physics, digital electronics and computational
physics; with special emphasis on the contributions by eminent scientists in these fields.
PSO4
Apply and analyse the concepts of statistical mechanics, quantum mechanics, nuclear physics,
particle physics, astrophysics, error analysis, superconductivity and condensed matter physics;
with special emphasis on the contributions by eminent scientists in these fields.

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4. DEFINITIONS
4.1. Programme means a three year programme of study and examinations spread over six
semesters, according to the regulations of the respective programme, the successful
completion of which would lead to the award of a degree.
4.2. Semester means a term consisting of a minimum of 450 contact hours distributed over 90
working days, inclusive of examination days, within 18 five-day academic weeks.
4.3. Academic Week is a unit of five working days in which distribution of work is organized
from day-one today-five, with five contact hours of one hour duration on each day. A
sequence of 18 such academic weeks constitutes a semester.
4.4. Course means a complete unit of learning which will be taught and evaluated within a
semester.
4.5. Common Course I means a course that comes under the category of courses for English and
Common Course II means additional language, a selection of both is compulsory for all
students undergoing undergraduate programmes.
4.6. Core course means a course in the subject of specialization within a degree programme.
4.7. Complementary Course means a course which would enrich the study of core courses.
4.8. Open course means a course outside the field of his/her specialization, which can be opted
by a student.
4.9. Choice based core course means a compulsory course for all under graduate students (as per
the UGC directive) to enrich their general awareness.
4.10. Credit is the numerical value assigned to a course according to the relative importance of
the content of the syllabus of the programme.
4.11. Additional credit or extra credit is the numerical value assigned to Club activities, Social
service, Internship etc. which is not added with the total academic credits of the students.
4.12. Grade means a letter symbol (e.g., A, B, C, etc.), which indicates the broad level of
performance of a student in a course/ semester/programme.
4.13. Grade point (GP) is the numerical indicator of the percentage of marks awarded to a
student in a course
4.14. Grace Marks shall be awarded to candidates as per the University Orders issued from time
to time.
Words and expressions used and not defined in this regulation shall have the same meaning assigned
to them in the Act and Statutes.

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5. DURATION OF THE PROGRAMME

The duration of U.G. programmes shall be 6 semesters The duration of odd semesters
shall be from June to October and that of even semesters from November to March. A student
may be permitted to complete the Programme, on valid reasons, within a period of 12 continuous
semesters from the date of commencement of the first semester of the programme.

6. COURSE DESIGN
The U.G. programme in Physics must include (a) Common courses, (b) Core
courses, (c) Complementary courses, (d) Choice based courses, (e) Open courses
and
(f) Project. No course shall carry more than 4 credits. The student shall select any one
Open course in Semester 5 offered by the various Departments which offers the core
courses or physical education department, depending on the availability of
infrastructure facilities, in the institution. The number of Courses for the restructured
programme should contain 12 compulsory core courses, 1 open course, 1 choice based
course from the frontier area of the core courses, 6 core practicals, 1 project in the area
of core, 8 complementary courses, 2 complementary practicals otherwise specified,
from the relevant subjects for complementing the core of study. There should be 10
common courses, or otherwise specified, which includes the first and second language
of study.

A student can earn extra credits as detailed below:

Service - Learning.
Courses offered by talent clubs.

7. PROGRAMME STRUCTURE

Programme Duration 6 Semesters

Total Credits required for the successful completion of the programme 120 Credits
Credits required from Common Course I (English) 22 Credits
Credits required from Common Course II (Second Language) 16 Credits
Credits required from Core Course, Complementary Courses and Project 79 Credits
Open Course 3 Credits
Minimum attendance required 75 %

7.1. Course-wise Distribution of Credits:

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The B. Sc. Physics programme consists of common courses with 38 credits, core course,
Choice based course and complementary courses with 79 credits and open course with 3
credits.
The number and credits of different types of courses of the programme are listed
below.

Type of the Course No. of Courses No. of Credits

Common Course I (English) 6 22
Common Course II (Second Language) 4 16
Total 10 38
Core Courses – Theory 12 34
Core Courses – Practical 6 12
Choice Based Course 1 3
Project & Viva – Voce 1 2
Total 20 51
Complementary Courses – Theory 8 24
Complementary Courses – Practical 2 4
Total 10 28
Open Course 1 3
Grand Total 41 120

7.2. Extra-Credit Courses:

The list of extra-credit courses and their corresponding credits are given below:

Course No. of Credits

Service-Learning (Mandatory) 1
Courses offered by talent clubs 1

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7.3. Semester-wise Distribution of Credits and Instructional Hours:

Sem I Sem II Sem III Sem IV Sem V Sem VI

Hrs./ Hrs./ Hrs./ Hrs./ Hrs./ Hrs./
Credit Week Credit Week Credit Week Credit Week Credit Week Credit Week

Common Course I (English) 7 9 7 9 4 5 4 5 - - - -

Common Course II
4 4 4 4 4 5 4 5 - - - -
(Second Language)

Core Course - Theory 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 12 11 12 12

Core Course - Practical - 2 2 2 - 2 2 2 - 8 8 10
Complementary Course – I
2 2 2 2 3 3 3 3 - - - -
Chemistry- Theory
Complementary Course – I
- 2 2 2 - 2 2 2 - - - -
Chemistry - Practical
Complementary Course – II
3 4 3 4 4 5 4 5 - - - -
Maths - Theory
Project - - - - - - - - - 2 2 -
Open Course - - - - - - - - 3 4 - -
Choice Based Core Course - - - - - - - - - - 3 3
Total 18 25 22 25 18 25 22 25 15 25 25 25

SEMESTER No. of Credits No. of Instructional Hours

I 18 25
II 22 25
III 18 25
IV 22 25
V 15 25
VI 25 25
Total 120 150

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7.4. Course Code:

Every course is coded using an 11 digit alpha numeric code that gives a
brief description on the following details.
A. First 2 position specifies the last 2 digits of the year when this course is
implemented. 19 specifies 2019 admission onwards.

B. 3rd position specifies type of course is an Undergraduate Course and its

given the notation U.

C. 4th position specifies the semester number.

D. Positions 5-6 defined the Course type as per syllabus (2 characters)
Composed of two characters which give meaningful abbreviation of type
of the course. The abbreviations used here are CR – Core Course, CP –
Complementary Course, PR – Core Practical, PC- Complementary
Practical, PJ – Project and OC – Open Course.
E. Position 7-9 says is taken by the letter PHY which mentions that its stand for
the PHYSICS course.
F. Serial number of the course in continuous series (2 digits)

Composed of two digits to indicate the paper’s relative position in the programme.

Eg. 01 indicates 1stpaper, 05 indicates 5th paper, etc.

Sample Course Code

The Course code “19U5CRPHY07” indicates that the paper is “As of syllabus 2019
admission the code is for 5th semester core Physics Course of paper number 7 as
mentioned in the syllabus.

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8. MARKS DISTRIBUTION

MARKS DISTRIBUTION FOR PROJECT AND INDUSTRIAL

VISIT (19U6PJPHY1)
All students are to do a project in the area of core course. This project can be
done individually or in groups (not more than three students). The projects are to
be identified and its work must be started during the V semester of the
programme with the help of the supervising teacher. The report of the project in
duplicate is to be submitted to the department at the sixth semester and are to be
produced before the examiners appointed by the University. External Project
evaluation and Viva / Presentation are compulsory for all subjects and will be
conducted at the end of the programme.
An industrial visit is also included in the program. The entire student must
visit an industry during 5 th or 6th semester and submit a report in duplicate along
with the project report. This industrial visit and the report will be evaluated
internally and externally along with the project evaluation.

a) Marks of External Examination : 75

Components of Evaluation (External) Marks

Dissertation - Project (External) 45

Viva-Voce– Project(External) 25
Industrial Visit Report 3
Viva-Voce – Industrial Visit 2

Total 75

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b) Marks of internal evaluation: 25 (All the five components of

the internal assessment are mandatory)

Components of Internal Evaluation Marks

Punctuality 5
Experimentation/Data Collection 5
Knowledge 5
Report 5
Industrial Visit 5
Total 25

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Marks Distribution for External and Internal Examination

The External examination of all semesters shall be conducted at the end of each
semester. Internal evaluation is to be done by the continuous assessment. Mark
distribution for external and internal assessments and the components for internal
evaluation with their marks are shown below:

For all courses without practical

(a) Marks for End semester Examination (ESE) : 75
(b) Mark for internal evaluation : 25
Components of internal Marks
Evaluation
Attendance 5
Assignment 5
CIA-1 5
CIA-2 5
Seminar 5
Total 25

For all courses with practical

(a) Marks of theory – ESE – 60
(b) Marks of theory – Internal Evaluation – 20

Components of Marks
internal Evaluation
Attendance 5
Assignment/Seminar 5
CIA-1 5
CIA-2 5
Total 20

(c) Marks of Practical exam – (only in even semesters) – 30

(d) Marks of Practical Internal evaluation – 10 (odd and even
semesters combined annually)
Components of Marks
Practical internal
Evaluation
Attendance 3
Record 4
Lab involvement 3
Total 10

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Division of internal marks for record (5 marks maximum)

No. of Experiments Marks
14 and above 4
12&13 3
10&11 2
8&9 1
Less than 8 0

Attendance Evaluation

For all theory courses

% of Marks
attendance
90 and above 5
85-89 4
80-84 3
76-79 2
75 1
(Decimals are to be rounded to the next higher whole number)

For all Practical lab sessions

% of attendance Marks
90 and above 3
80–89 2
75-79 1
(Decimals are to be rounded to the next higher whole number)

Condonation of Shortage of Attendance:

Candidate can seek condonation of shortage of attendance only once in a 2 year course and
twice in other courses of longer duration. Following are the rules regarding attendance
requirement:-
i.) Every candidate is to secure 75% attendance of the total duration of the course.
ii.) A candidate having a shortage of 10% can apply for condonation of shortage in
prescribed form on genuine grounds. Condonation of shortage of attendance if any
should be obtained at least 7 days before the commencement of the concerned semester
examination.
iii.) It shall be the discretion of the Principal to consider such applications and condone the
shortage on the merit of each case in consultation with the concerned course teacher
and HoD.
iv.) Unless the shortage of attendance is condoned, a candidate is not eligible to appear for the
examination.

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COMPUTATION OF GRADE AND GRADE POINTS

For all courses (theory & practical), grades are given on a 08-point scale based on the total
percentage of marks (CIA + ESE) as given below:

% of Marks for a course Grade Grade Point

95% and above O - Outstanding 10
85 to below 95% A+ - Excellent 9
75 to below 85% A - Very Good 8
65 to below 75% B+ - Good 7
55 to below 65% B - Satisfactory 6
45 to below 55% C - Average 5
35 to below 45% D - Pass 4
Below 35 F - Failure 0
Ab – Absent 0

Computation of SGPA (Semester Grade Point Average)

The SGPA is the ratio of sum of the product of the number of credits with the grade points scored
by a student in all the courses and the total number of credits of all the courses undergone by a
student in a semester.
C ×G
SGPA (Si) = ∑ ( i i )
C
∑ i

Where, Si is the SGPA of the ith semester, Ci is the number of credits of the ith course and Gi is
the grade point scored by the student in the ith course.
The SGPA shall be rounded off to 2 decimal points and reported in the transcripts.
Illustration for SGPA:
Credit Point
Course Credit Grade Letter Grade Point (Credit × Grade Point)
Course 1 3 B 6 3×6=18
Course 2 4 A 8 4×8=32
+
Course 3 3 A 9 3×9=27
+
Course 4 3 B 7 3×7=21
Course 5 3 C 5 3×5=15
Course 6 4 O 10 4×10=40
Σ Ci = 20 Σ ( Ci × Gi) = 153
∑ (C×G) i i 153

SGPA (Si) = ∑C i = 20 = 7.65

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Computation of CGPA (Cumulative Grade Point Average)

The CGPA is also calculated in the same manner taking into account all the courses undergone by
a student over all the semesters of a programme, i.e.
C ×S
CGPA = ∑( i i )

C
∑ i

Where, Si is the SGPA of the ith semester and Ci is the number of credits in that semester.
Note: The CGPA shall be rounded off to 2 decimal points and reported in the transcripts.
Illustration for CGPA:

Semester SGPA (Si) Credits (Ci) S i × Ci

I 9.69 18 174.42
II 9.12 22 200.64
III 8.50 18 153.00
IV 8.75 22 192.50
V 9.13 15 136.95
VI 9.50 25 237.50
Σ Ci = 120 Σ ( Si × Ci) = 1095.01

S ×C
CGPA = ∑( i i )= 1095.01 = 9.13
∑C i 120
Grades for the different semesters and overall programme are given based on the corresponding
SGPA/ CGPA as shown below:

SGPA /CGPA Grade

9.50 to 10.00 O - Outstanding
8.50 to 9.49 A+ - Excellent
7.50 to 8.49 A -Very Good
6.50 to 7.49 B+ – Good
5.50 to 6.49 B – Satisfactory
4.50 to 5.49 C – Adequate
3.5 to 4.49 D - Pass
Below 3.5 F – Failure

Note: A separate minimum of 30% marks each for internal and external (for both theory and
practical) and aggregate minimum of 35% are required for a pass for a course.
For a pass in a programme, a separate minimum of Grade D is required for all the individual
courses. If a candidate secures F Grade for any one of the courses offered in a Semester /
Programme only F grade will be awarded for that Semester/Programme until he/she improves this

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to D grade or above within the permitted period. Candidate secure D grade and above will be
eligible for higher studies.
GRIEVANCE REDRESSAL MECHANISM
In order to address the grievance of students regarding Continuous internal assessment
(CIA) a three-level Grievance Redressal mechanism is envisaged. A student can approach the
upper level only if grievance is not addressed at the lower level.
Level 1:
At the level of the concerned course teacher

Level 2:
At the level of a department committee consisting of the Head of the Department, a coordinator of
internal assessment for each programme nominated by the HoD and the course teacher concerned.
Level 3:
A committee with the Principal as Chairman, Dean of concerned Faculty, HODs of concerned
departments and one member of the Academic council nominated by the principal every year as
members.

9. CONSOLIDATED SCHEME FOR I TO VI SEMESTERS

9.1. B. Sc. Physics Programme – (Physics Alone)

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Semester Title of the course Hrs/w Cre Total End Internal Externa
eek dits Hrs Exam Marks l
Duration Marks
1 Methodology and Perspectives of 2 2 36 3 20 60
Physics
Core Practical I – Mechanics and 2 - 36 - - -
Properties of Matter
2 Mechanics and Properties of Matter 2 2 36 3 20 60
Core Practical 1- Mechanics and 2 2 36 3 10 30
Properties of Matter
3 Optics, Laser and Fiber Optics 3 3 54 3 20 60
Core Practical II - Optics and 2 - 36 - - -
Semiconductor Physics
4 Semiconductor Physics 3 3 54 3 20 60
Core Practical II - Optics and 2 2 36 3 10 30
Semiconductor Physics
5 Electricity and Electrodynamics 3 3 54 3 20 60
Classical and Quantum Mechanics 3 3 54 3 20 60
Digital Electronics and Programming 3 3 54 3 20 60
Energy and Environmental Physics 4 4 72 3 25 75
Open Course- Physics in Daily Life 4 3 72 3 25 75
Core Practical III – Electricity, Magnetism 2 - 36 -
and Laser
Core Practical IV – Digital Electronics 2 - 36 -
Core Practical V – Thermal Physics, 2 - 36 -
Spectroscopy and C++ Programming
Core Practical VI – Acoustics, Photonics 2 - 36 -
and Advanced Semiconductor Physics
6 Thermal and Statistical Physics 3 3 54 3 20 60
Relativity and Spectroscopy 4 3 72 3 20 60
Nuclear, Particle and Astrophysics 3 3 54 3 20 60
Solid State Physics 4 3 72 3 20 60
Choice based Course – Computational 3 3 54 3 25 75
Physics OR Materials Science
Core Practical III – Electricity, Magnetism 2 2 36 3 10 30
and Laser
Core Practical IV – Digital Electronics 2 2 36 3 10 30
Core Practical V – Thermal Physics, 2 2 36 3 10 30
Spectroscopy and C++ Programming
Core Practical VI – Acoustics, Photonics 2 2 36 3 10 30
and Advanced Semiconductor Physics
Project and Industrial Visit - 1 - - 25 75

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9.2 Complementary Physics for B.Sc Mathematics

Semester Title of the course Hrs/week Credits Total Internal External

Hrs Marks Marks
1 Properties of Matter and Error 2 2 36 20 60
Analysis
Complementary Physics Practical I 2 - 36 - -
2 Mechanics and Astrophysics 2 2 36 20 60
Complementary Physics Practical I 2 2 36 10 30
3 Modern Physics and Electronics 3 3 54 20 60
Complementary Physics Practical II 2 - 36 - -
4 Optics and Electricity 3 3 54 20 60
Complementary Physics Practical II 2 2 36 10 30

9.3 Complementary Physics for Chemistry

Semester Title of the course Hrs/week Credits Total Internal External
Hrs Marks Marks

1 Properties of Matter and 2 2 36 20 60

Thermodynamics
Complementary Physics Practical I 2 - 36 - -
2 Mechanics and Superconductivity 2 2 36 20 60
Complementary Physics Practical I 2 2 36 10 30
3 Modern Physics and Magnetism 3 3 54 20 60
Complementary Physics Practical II 2 - 36 - -
4 Optics and SoliEDSd State Physics 3 3 54 20 60
Complementary Physics Practical II 2 2 36 10 30

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10. SYLLABUS CORE PHYSICS

B.Sc. Physics Programme with Course Objectives (CO)

Semester-I

Core Course: I Credit – 2 (36 hours)

19U1CRPHY01: METHODOLOGY AND PERSPECTIVES OF PHYSICS

CO CO Statement

CO1 Understand the development of physics in the last century and new
scientific concepts from various scientist.

CO2 Understand Number systems and its significance.

CO3 Apply vector algebra in Physics.

CO4 Apply basic measurement techniques in Physics and experimental data.

Module I

Concepts and Development Physics: (8hours)

Development of physics in the last century and the birth of new scientific concepts with

reference to scientific contributions of Galileo, Newton, Einstein, J J Thomson, Curies,

Rayleigh, Max Plank, Heisenberg and Schrodinger (qualitative understanding).

Contributions of Indian physicists -C V Raman, H J Babha, J C Bose, S N Bose, M Saha, S

Chandrasekhar, Vikram Sarabhai, (Topics in this part require qualitative study only )

1. Feynman lectures of Physics

2. Concepts of Modern Physics: ArtherBeisser,
3. Modern Physics: Kenneth Krane
4. Modern Physics: R Murugeshan
5. https://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/physics/laureates/

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Module II (18 hours)

Number systems- Decimal, hexadecimal and Binary. Conversions, Binary arithmetic

addition, subtraction and multiplication. 1’s and 2’s complement subtraction –signed

binary numbers. Signed binary arithmetic, BCD code, ASCII code, Significance of

binary number system in digital electronics, microprocessors and in computers,

Introductory Vector Analysis - Applications of vectors in Physics. Differential and

integral vector calculus: – The operator - physical significance of Gradient,

Divergence and Curl, Line integral, surface integral and volume integral of vectors

Co-ordinate systems:Cartesian Co-ordinate system, plane polar and spherical

polar coordinates, cylindricalcoordinates (Basic ideas with examples in physics),

References:

6. Introduction to Electrodynamics, David J. Griffiths, Prentice Hall India

Pvt. Ltd., Chapter 1
7. Mathematical Physics: Charlie Harper
8. University Physics, Roger A Freedman, Hugh D Young 14th edition
9. Digital electronics: Albert Paul Malvino
10. Digital logic and computer design – M. Morris Mano, PHI.

Module III
Experimental methods and error analysis (10 hrs)

Experimental methods, least count of instruments, Instruments for measuring mass,

length, time, angle , current, voltage. Fundamental units. Precision and accuracy of
measurements, source of error in measurements, necessity of estimating errors ,
types of errors, reading error of instrument, calibration error, random error, systematic
error, significant digits, order of magnitude and rounding of numbers, rounding error,
absolute and relative errors, Errors of computation - addition, subtraction,
multiplication, division, error in power and roots, Propagation of errors, analysis of
data, standard deviation, calculation of mean value.
References:
1. Text book: Advanced course in Practical Physics by D Chattopadhyay- Chapter-1
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2. Practical Physics, G L Squires, Third edn. Cambridge University Press.

3. The theory of Errors in Physical Measurements- J C Pal- New Central Book Agency- 2010

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Semester-II

Core Course: II Credit – 2 (36 hours)

19U2CRPHY02: MECHANICS AND PROPERTIES OF MATTER

CO CO Statement

CO1 Understand superposition of waves.

CO2 Analyse the theory of oscillation.

Define the basic concepts of angular velocity- angular acceleration-

CO3
angular momentum.

State parallel and perpendicular axes theorems.

CO4

Calculate the moment of Inertia of different bodies.

CO5

Analyse the basic concepts of elasticity

CO6

Determine coefficient of viscosity by Poiseuille's method

CO7

Evaluate factors affecting surface tension

CO8

CO9 Examine the basic principles of Mechanics and Properties of Matter

Module I

Wave motion (4 hours)

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 B Sc Programme in Physics, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Thevara

General equation of wave motion, plane progressive harmonic wave, energy

density, intensity of a wave, superposition of waves, beats, transverse waves in

stretched strings, modes.

Text Book: Mechanics by D.S. Mathur – Chapter 9.

Oscillations (8 hours)

Periodic motion, simple harmonic motion and harmonic oscillator, energy of a harmonic

oscillator, examples of harmonic oscillator – simple and compound pendulum. Theory of

Damped harmonic oscillator. Theory of forced oscillator, resonance, applications.

Text Book: Mechanics by D.S. Mathur – Chapter 7, 8.

Angular velocity- angular acceleration- angular momentum- conservation- torque-moment

of inertia- Parallel and perpendicular axes theorems - calculation of moment of inertia-
(rod, ring, disc, cylinder, and sphere). Theory of

flywheel. Text Book: Mechanics by D.S. Mathur –

Chapter 10. Module III

Elasticity (10 hours)

Basic ideas on elasticity – Young’s modulus, bulk modulus, rigidity modulus,

Poisson’s ratio, relations connecting various elastic constants. Work done per unit

volume in a strain. Bending of beams, bending moment, flexural rigidity. Young's

modulus – uniform and non-uniform bending, cantilever. I –section girders.

Determination of rigidity modulus using Static and Dynamic methods.

Text Book: Mechanics by D.S. Mathur – Chapter 12, 13.

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Hydrodynamics (7 hours)

Streamline and turbulent flows, coefficient of Viscosity – Determination of

viscosity by Poiseuille's method. Equation of continuity, energy possessed by a

liquid, Bernoulli’s theorem.

Surface tension, surface energy, excess pressure in a liquid drop and bubble,

factors affecting surface tension, applications. Text Book: Mechanics by D.S.

Mathur – Chapter 14.

Text books:

1. Mechanics by J.C. Upadhayaya, Ramprasad Pub.

2. Mechanics -D.S.Mathur, S.Chand.
3. Advanced course in Practical Physics by D Chattopadhyay, Central Book
4. Properties of Matter and Acoustics by Murugeshan and K. Sivaprasath,

S. Chand

References:

1. Mechanics- Hans and Puri, TMH

2. Classical Mechanics by J.C. Upadhyaya, Himalaya Pub.
3. Classical Mechanics-Takwale and Puranik, TMH.
4. Classical mechanics- K.SankaraRao, PHI.
5. Properties of Matter by Mathur, S. Chand,
6. Mechanics by Somnath Datta, Pearson
7. Mechanics by H.D Young and R.A Freedman, Pearson.

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Semester-III

Core Course: III Credit – 3 (54 hours)

19U3CRPHY03: OPTICS, LASER AND FIBER OPTICS

CO CO Statement

CO1 Understand the important and fascinating areas of interference with

many experiments associated with it.

Differentiate between Fraunhofer and Fresnel diffraction

CO2

Apply skill to find the wavelength of spectral lines using Plane diffraction
CO3
grating

CO4
Distinguish the methods of polarisation by reflection, refraction and
scattering

Explain the Brewsters law and Malus law

CO5

Describe the different types of lasers, its principle, properties of laser

CO6
beam

C07
Classify the different types of fibre

Module I

Interference (13 hours)

Review of basic ideas of interference, Coherent waves -Optical path and phase
change-superposition of waves-theory of interference-intensity distribution.
Young’s double slit experiment, Coherence-Conditions for interference.
Thin films-plane parallel film- interference due to reflected light-conditions for
brightness and darkness-interference due to transmitted light-Haidinger fringes-

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interference in wedge shaped film-colours in thin films-Newton’s rings-applications.

Michelson interferometer-construction, working and just mention the applications.
Text book: Optics by N.Subramanayam, Brijlal, M.N.Avadhanulu-Chapter

14 and 15. Module II

Diffraction (10 hours)

Fresnel Diffraction – Huygens- Fresnel theory –zone plate –Difference between

zone plate and convex lens. Comparison between interference and diffraction –
diffraction pattern due to a straight edge, single silt. Fraunhoffer diffraction at a
single slit, double slit,N slits, theory of plane transmission grating. Dispersive
power and resolving power of grating.
Text book: Optics by N.Subramanayam, Brijlal, M.N.Avadhanulu-Chapter 17, 18 and 19.

Polarization (12hours)

Concept of polarization – plane of polarization- Types of polarized light-production

of plane polarized light by reflection -refraction. Malu’s law-Polarization by double
refraction-calcite crystal. Anisotropic crystals-optic axis-Double refraction-
Huygens explanation of double refraction. Retarders - Quarter wave plate and Half
wave plate. Production and Detection of plane, elliptically and circularly polarized
light-Optical Activity- specific rotation.
Text book:Optics by N.Subramanayam, Brijlal, M.N.Avadhanulu-Chapt 20

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Module III

Laser (10 hours)

Absorption and emission of light-Absorption-spontaneous emission and

stimulatedemission, Einstein relations, Population inversion- Active medium-
Pumping, different pumping methods, Resonators – plane mirror and confocal
resonators – Metastable state, Three level and Four level Laser systems. Ruby
Laser, He-Ne laser, Semiconductor Laser, Laser beam Characteristics, coherence.
Applications of Laser, Holography (qualitative study only).
Text book: Optics by N.Subramanayam, Brijlal, M.N.Avadhanulu-Chapter 22 and 23.

Propagation of light in a fiber -acceptance angle, numerical aperture, V-number,

single mode and multimode step index fiber –graded index fiber- attenuation-
application of fiber-optical fiber communication – advantages.
Text book: Semiconductor physics and optoelectronics- V.Rajendran, J.Hemaletha

and M.S.M.Gibson, Unit IV-Chapter 1.

1. Optics, E Hecht and AR Ganesan, Pearson

2. Optics, 3rd edition, AjoyGhatak, TMH
3. Optical Electronics, AjoyGhatak and K Thyagarajan, Cambridge
4. Optics and Atomic Physics, D P Khandelwal, Himalaya Pub. House
5. Optics, S K Srivastava, CBS Pub. N Delhi
6. A Text book of Optics, S L Kakani, K L Bhandari, S Chand.
7. Optics N.Subramanayam, Brijlal, M.N Avadhanulu S Chand.
8. Semiconductor optoelectronic devices: Pallab Bhattacharya, PHI 2009.
9. Lasers and Non linear Optics, BB Laud, New Age Int Pub. 2013
10. Laser Fundamentals, William T Silfvast, Cambridge Univ Press. 2012.
11. Optoelectronics an Introduction, J Wilson & JFB Hawkes, PHI 1999.
12. Fiber Optics and Optoelectronics, R P Khare, Oxford 2012..
13. Introduction to Optics, Frank L Pedrotti, Leno M Pedrotti& Leno S
Pefrotti, Pearson 2014.
14. Optical fiber and fiber optic communication system (4th edition) Subir Kumar

Sarkar, S Chand.

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Semester-IV

Core Course: IV Credit – 3 (54 hours)

19U4CRPHY04: SEMICONDUCTOR PHYSICS

CO CO Statement

Discuss basic idea of doping , p-n junction diode and its V-I
CO1
characteristics using graphical and mathematical methods

Explain wave shaping circuits and voltage multipliers in electronics and

CO2
its responses

Illustrate various biasing circuits of a transistor

CO3

Analyse various transistor amplifier circuits

CO4

CO5 Design simple oscillator circuits

Apply the concept of feedback in operational amplifiers

CO6

Identify the need for modulation with AM techniques in detail

CO7

Module I

Semiconducting diodes and applications (14 hours)

PN Junction, Depletion layer, Barrier potential, Biasing- forward and reverse,
Reverse breakdown, Junction capacitance and diffusion capacitance- PN Junction
diode – V-I characteristics–Diode parameters, Diode current Equation, Diode
testing, Ideal diode. Zener diode and its reverse characteristics. Thermistors.
Rectification - Half wave, Full wave, Centre tapped, Bridge rectifier circuits - Nature of
rectified output, Efficiency & Ripple factor-Filter circuits – Inductor Filter, Capacitor Filter,
LC Filter, π Filter-Regulated Power supplies - Zener diode voltage regulator-

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Voltage multipliers – Doubler & Tripler- Wave shaping circuits - Clipper-Positive,

negative and biased – Clampers- Positive, negative and biased.
Text Book: Basic Electronics- B.L.Theraja Chapters 13,14,15,17

A Text Book of Applied Electronics- R.S.Sedha Chapters-11, 12, 19, 20, 33

Module II

Transistors Configurations and Feed back (12 hours)

Bipolar junction transistors, Transistor biasing, CB, CC, CE configurations and
their characteristics- Active, saturation and cut-off regions. Current gain α, β, γ and
their relationships. Leakage currents- Thermal runaway. DC operating point and
AC and DC Load line, Q-Point.
Basic principles of feedback, positive & negative feedback, Advantages of negative
feedback, negative feedback circuits – voltage series & shunt, current series & shunt.
Amplifiers and Oscillators (12 hours)

Need for biasing-Stabilization- Voltage divider bias. Single stage transistor

Amplifiers-CE amplifier - amplification factors. Decibel system, Variations in
Amplifier gain with frequency.
Oscillatory Circuits, LC oscillators – Hartley Oscillator, Colpit’s Oscillator, RC oscillators -
Phase shift Oscillator. Astable and monostable multivibrator (basic idea only)
Text Book: Basic Electronics-B.L.Theraja-Chapters 18, 19, 20, 22, 24, 25, 28,

29

A Text Book of Applied Electronics-R.S.Sedha Chapters 14, 15, 22,24, 29, 31, 32

Module III

FET, Operational Amplifier & Modulation (16 hours)

FET -characteristics, FET- Parameters. Comparison between FET and BJT.

MOSFET (basic idea only)
OP-amp- Symbol and terminals. Characteristics of ideal OP-amp, CMRR,
Applications - inverting, Non-inverting, Unity follower and Summing amplifiers.
Types of modulation – AM, FM, Pulse modulation and Phase modulation
(qualitative study only). Amplitude modulation- modulation index - Analysis of AM
wave – Sidebands –bandwidth- AM Demodulation.
Text Book: Basic Electronics-B. L. Theraja - Chapters 26, 30, 31

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A Text Book of Applied Electronics-R.S.Sedha-Chapter-

16, 35

A References:

1. Principles of electronics, VK Mehta, S Chand

2. Basic Electronics(7thEdition), Malvino and Bates, TMH

3. Electronics Fundamentals and Applications- D. Chattopadhyay

and P.G.Rakshit, New Age International Publishers.
4. Electronics: Fundamentals of Analog circuits, Thomas L. Floyd, David
Buchla, Prentice Hall
5. Electronic Devices and Circuit Theory, Robert Boylestad, Louis Nashelsky,
Prentice Hall
6. Basic Electronics, Debashis De , Pearson 2010

7. Basic Electronics, Santiram Kal, PHI 2010

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Semester-V

Core Course: V Credit – 3 (54 hours)

19U5CRPHY05: ELECTRICITY AND ELECTRODYNAMICS

CO CO Statement

CO1 Analyze EMF induced in a coil rotating in a magnetic field.

CO2 Analyze growth and decay of current in an LR circuit.

CO3 Understanding Fundamental theorems of divergence and curl.

CO4 Understanding Maxwell’s equations.

Module I

Alternating Current and Network Theorems (15 hours)

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EMF induced in a coil rotating in a magnetic field - AC applied to resistive,

inductive and capacitance circuits - AC applied to LR and RC circuits - Analysis of
LCR series circuits - LCR parallel resonant circuit – comparison - Power in ac
circuits - Wattless current - choke coil - transformer on no load- skin effect.
Ideal voltage source and current source - Superposition theorem - Reciprocity
theorem - Thevenin’s theorem - Norton’s theorem - Maximum power transfer theorem.
Text Book:Electricity and Magnetism, R. Murugeshan- Chapters 13, 30

and 18 Module II

Transient Current and Thermo electricity (8 hours)

Growth and decay of current in an LR circuit- Charging and discharging of a

capacitor through a resistor - Growth and decay of charge in an LCR circuit.
Seebeck effect - Laws of thermo emf - Peltier effect- Thomson effect-
Thermoelectric diagrams -Thermocouple (qualitative study) - Explanation of
thermoelectric effects based on electron theory.
Text Book: Electricity and Magnetism, R. Murugeshan- Chapters 12, 8

and 32. Module III

Electrostatics and Magnetostatics (20 hours)

Fundamental theorems of divergence and curl (physical concepts) - Electric field -

Continuous charge distribution- Divergence and curl of electrostatic field- Gauss’s law
and applications: solid sphere, infinite wire, infinite plane sheet - Electric potential -
Poisson’s and Laplace’s equations - Potential of a localized charge distribution –
Electrostatic boundary conditions- work and energy in electrostatics – The work done to

move a charge – Energy of a point charge distribution and continuous charge

distribution-Basic properties a conductor .
Lorentz Force law- Biot- Savart law- Divergence and curl of B- Applications of Amperes’
law: long straight wire, infinite plane, solenoid – Comparison of electrostatics and
magnetostatics- Magnetic vector potential – Magnetostatics boundary conditions
Electromagnetic induction- Faraday’s law

Text Book:Introduction to Electrodynamics, David J Griffiths, Chapters 1, 2, 5 and 7

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Module IV

Maxwell’s Equations and Electromagnetic wave propagation (11 hours)

Maxwell’s equations - Boundary conditions for free space - Continuity equations-

Poynting’s theorem
Wave equations (general idea on reflection at boundary and polarization) -
Electromagnetic wave in vacuum - Wave equation for E and B - Monochromatic
plane waves- Energy of electromagnetic waves
Text Book: Introduction to Electrodynamics, David J Griffiths-Chapters 7,8 and 9

References:

1. Fundamentals of Magnetism and Electricity, D.N Vasudeva - S Chand

2. Principles of Electromagnetics, Mathew N.O Sadiku- 4th Ed. , Oxford

3. Electricity and Magnetism, KK Tewari- S Chand

4. Electricity and Electronics, Saxena, Arora and Prakash- Pragati Prakashan

5. Classical Electromagnetism, Jerrold Franklin- Pearson

6. Electromagnetic Fields and Waves, KD Prasad- Satya Prakashan

7. Field and wave Electromagnetics, David K Cheng- Pearson.

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Semester-V

Core Course: VI Credit – 3 (54 hours)

19U5CRPHY06: CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS

CO CO Statement

Identify the various types of constraints involved in motion of a system.

CO1

Apply concept of constraints to represent certain dynamics

CO2

Explain quantum mechanical phenomena such as photoelectric effect

CO3
and Compton effect.

Explain how the wave nature of particle leads to the understanding of

CO4
quantum mechanics.

Apply general formalism of quantum mechanics to various problems.

CO5

To analyze quantum mechanical system by finding eigenvalues and

CO6
eigenvectors.

Define the probability density and the probability current density

CO7

CO8 Compute the Ehrenfest theorem and its extension to three dimensions

Solve the Schrodinger equation for a particle in a box and square

CO9
potential barrier

Module I

Lagrangian and Hamiltonian Formulations of Classical Mechanics (15 hours)

Constraints, degrees of freedom, generalized co-ordinates, principle of virtual work,

D’Alembert’s principle, Lagrange’s equations(no derivation required), Application of
Lagrangian (Linear Harmonic oscillator, Planetary motion and Simple Pendulum only),
Hamilton’s Canonical equations of motion, Advantages of Hamilton’s method,

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Applications of Hamilton’s method (Linear Harmonic oscillator and Simple pendulum

only).Hamilton’s Principle of Least Action. Derivation of Lagrange’s equation from
Hamilton’s Principle.

Text book: Classical Mechanics by J.C. Upadhyaya-Chapter 2 & 3.

Classical Mechanics by G. Aruldhas

Module II

Historical development and origin of quantum theory (9 hours)

Failure of classical physics- Black Body radiation-Planck’s radiation law, Photoelectric
effect-Einstein’s explanation, Compton effect, Bohr’s correspondence principle-Wave
particle Dualism, Dual nature of matter- De Broglie hypothesis, Davisson-Germer
Experiment, De Broglie waves, Wave packet, Group and phase velocities

Text Book: A Textbook of Quantum Mechanics- G Aruldhas-Chapter 1

General Formalism of Quantum Mechanics (15 hours) Linear vector space- Hilbert
space - Orthogonality- Linear operator-Eigen functions
and eigen values- Hermitian operator- Postulates of Quantum Mechanics- wave
function, Operators, Expectation value, Eigen value, Time development-
Simultaneous measurability- General uncertainty relation.
Text Book: A Textbook of Quantum Mechanics- G Aruldhas-Chapter 3 and 8

Module III

Schrödinger equation and its applications (15 hours)

Time dependent Schrödinger equation- interpretation of wave function, Probability

density, Probability current density, Ehrenfest theorem- Extension to three
dimensions-Time independent Schrödinger equation- Stationary states- Admissibility
conditions of wave function-general properties of one dimensional Schrödinger
equation, particle in a box, one dimensional barrier problem- square potential barrier.
Text Book: A Textbook of Quantum Mechanics- G Aruldhas.

Text Book:

1. Classical Mechanics by J.C. Upadhyaya. Himalaya Pub.

2. Concepts of Modern Physics- Arthur Beiser,

1. Concepts of Modern Physics- Arthur Beiser, TMH

2. A Textbook of Quantum Mechanics- G Aruldhas- (2nd Edition)- PHI

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3. Classical Mechanics-Takwale and Puranik, TMH.

4. Classical mechanics- K.SankaraRao, PHI.

5. Introductory Quantum Mechanics- RI Liboff, Pearson

6. Quantum Physics- Gasiorowicz,John Wiely

7. Quantum Mechanics- Griffith, Pearson

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Semester-V

Core Course: VII

19U5CRPHY07: DIGITAL ELECTRONICS AND PROGRAMMING

CO CO Statement

CO1 Analyzing Basic gates

Describe the functionality and applications of logic circuits

CO2

Simplify circuits and Boolean expressions using the Boolean laws

CO3

Explain the logic behind the operation of registers and counters

CO4

Design basic combinational andsequential logic circuits

CO5

Use the methods of systematic reduction of Boolean algebra

CO6
expressions including Karnaugh maps

Outline the basic concepts of OOPs

CO7

List out the tokens used in C++ programming language

CO8

CO9 Discuss the concept of object and classes

Design OOPs concepts through C++ programs for solving simple

C10
problems

Module I

Boolean algebra and logic gates (9 hours)

Basic gates NOT, OR, AND. Universal Logic Gates - NOR, NAND. XOR and XNOR Gates.
Rules and Laws of Boolean algebra. Duality theorem -De Morgan's Theorems. analysis
and simplification of logic circuits. Boolean equation and truth table - SOP and

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POS. Minterms and Maxterms. Standard SOP and Standard POS- Conversion between
Standard SOP & Standard POS. Karnaugh Map (up to four variables). K map SOP
minimization.

Module II

Combinational logic (6 hours)

Half Adder and Full Adder, Half and Full subtractor, 4-bit parallel Adder/Subtractor.
Multiplexer, De-multiplexer, Encoder & Decoder.

Sequential logic (13 hours)

Flip-flops, RS, Clocked RS, Master Slave JK FF, DFF, T Flip-flop, Buffer registers- Shift
register-SISO and SIPO, Counters- Binary ripple counter. D/A converters (Ladder type),
A/D Converter (Counter type).

Module III

Programming in C++ (26 hours) Basic C++ program structure –comments-data

types-variable types-constants-
operators(arithmetic, relational, logical and assignment operators)- if, if-else and
else if, do while - case – loops(while, do-while, and for)-nested loops-
arrays(Defining Arrays, Accessing Array Elements, Initializing Arrays)- basic ideas
of functions(qualitative idea), object and classes. Programs using loops.
Text book: Object oriented programming in Turbo C++ - Robert Lafore (Galgotia

Pub.) Chapter 2, 3 and 7.

Text books:

1. Digital fundamentals, Thomas L. Floyed (10th edition), Pearson

2. Digital principles and applications, Malvino, Leach and Saha (6th Edition) TMH

3. Digital electronics, S Salivahanan & S Arivazhagan VPH (2010)

4. Digital design, M Morris Mano, PHI

1. Digital logic and computer design - M Morris Mano, PHI

2. Digital Electronics- William H Gothmann, PHI

3. Digital circuits and design- S Salivahanan and S Arivazhakan, PHI

4. Digital Electronics- Sedha, S Chand

5. Digital computer electronics- Malvino, Brown, TMH

6. Object oriented programming in Turbo C++ - Robert Lafore (Galgotia Pub.)

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Semester-V

Core Course: VIII Credit-4 (72 hours)

19U5CRPHY08: ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL

PHYSICS AND HUMAN RIGHTS Vision

The importance of environmental science and environmental studies cannot

be disputed. The need for sustainable development is a key to the future of
mankind. Continuing problems of pollution, solid waste disposal, degradation of
environment, issues like economic productivity and national security, Global
warming, the depletion of ozone layer and loss of biodiversity have made everyone
aware of environmental issues. The United Nations Conference on Environment
and Development held in Rio de Janerio in 1992 and World Summit on Sustainable
Development at Johannesburg in 2002 have drawn the attention of people around
the globe to the deteriorating condition of our environment. It is clear that no
citizen of the earth can afford to be ignorant of environment issues.
India is rich in biodiversity which provides various resources for people. Only about 1.7
million living organisms have been described and named globally. Still many more remain
to be identified and described. Attempts are made to conserve them in ex-situ and in-situ
situations. Intellectual property rights (IPRs) have become important in a biodiversity-rich
country like India to protect microbes, plants and animals that have useful genetic
properties. Destruction of habitats, over-use of energy resource and environmental
pollution has been found to be responsible for the loss of a large number of life-forms. It is
feared that a large proportion of life on earth may get wiped out in the near future.
In spite of the deteriorating status of the environment, study of environment has so far not
received adequate attention in our academic programme. Recognizing this, the Hon’ble
Supreme Court directed the UGC to introduce a basic course on environment at every
level in college education. Accordingly, the matter was considered by UGC and it was
decided that a six months compulsory core module course in environmental studies may
be prepared and compulsorily implemented in all the University/Colleges of India.
The syllabus of environmental studies includes five modules including human
rights. The first two modules are purely environmental studies according to the
UGC directions. The second two modules are strictly related with the core subject
and fifth module is for human rights.
Objectives

Environmental Education encourages students to research, investigate how and

why things happen, and make their own decisions about complex environmental

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issues by developing and enhancing critical and creative thinking skills. It helps to
foster a new generation of informed consumers, workers, as well as policy or
decision makers.
Environmental Education helps students to understand how their decisions and
actions affect the environment, builds knowledge and skills necessary to address
complex environmental issues, as well as ways we can take action to keep our
environment healthy and sustainable for the future. It encourages character
building, and develops positive attitudes and values.
To develop the sense of awareness among the students about the environment
and its various problems and to help the students in realizing the inter-relationship
between man and environment and helps to protect the nature and natural
resources.
To help the students in acquiring the basic knowledge about environment and the
social norms that provides unity with environmental characteristics and create

positive attitude about the environment.

CO CO Statement

Identify various types of natural resources, human impact on these

CO1
resources, and common resource management practices

Understand the multidisciplinary nature, important theories and

CO2 concepts of environmental science, ecosystems, natural resources and
conservation

Describe environmental hazards and risks and familiarize with the major
CO3
environmental problems its causes and potential solutions

Explain Non-renewable energy sources:-Coal, Oil, Natural gas; Nuclear

CO4 fission energy; Merits and demerits of non-renewable energy and
different Renewable energy sources

Identify the environmental aspects of solar energy resources. In

CO5 Comparison with various conventional energy systems, their prospects
and limitations

Identify issues and problems relating to the human rights

CO6

Create awareness on various environmental acts in India

CO7

Module I
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Unit 1: Multidisciplinary nature of environmental studies(2 hours)

Definition, scope and importance

Need for public awareness.

Unit 2: Natural Resources:(10 hours)

Renewable and non-renewable resources: Natural resources

and associated problems.
a) Forest resources: Use and over-exploitation, deforestation, case studies.

Timber extraction, mining, dams and their effects on forest

and tribal people.
b) Water resources: Use and over-utilization of surface and ground water,

floods, drought, conflicts over water, dams-benefits and problems.

c) Mineral resources: Use and exploitation, environmental effects

of extracting and using mineral resources, case studies.

d) Food resources: World food problems, changes caused by agriculture and

overgrazing, effects of modern agriculture, fertilizer-

pesticide problems, water logging, salinity, case studies.

e) Energy resources: Growing energy needs, renewable and non renewable

energy sources, use of alternate energy sources, Case studies.
f) Land resources: Land as a resource, land degradation, man induced
landslides, soil erosionand desertification
Role of individual in conservation of natural resources.

Equitable use of resources for sustainable life styles.

Unit 3: Ecosystems (6 hours)

Concept of an ecosystem
Structure and function of an ecosystem
Producers, consumers and decomposers
Energy flow in the ecosystem
Ecological succession
Food chains, food webs and ecological pyramids.
Introduction, types, characteristic features, structure and function of the
given ecosystem:- Forest ecosystem
Module II

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Unit 1: Biodiversity and its conservation (8 hours)

Introduction
Biogeograhical classification of India
Value of biodiversity: consumptive use, productive use, social, ethical,
aesthetic and option values.
India as a mega-diversity nation
Hot-sports of biodiversity
Threats to biodiversity: habitat loss, poaching of wildlife, man-
wildlife conflicts Endangered and endemic species of India
Unit 2: Environmental Pollution (8 hours)
Definition, Causes, effects and control measures of: -

a. Air pollution
b. Water pollution
c. Soil pollution
d. Marine pollution
e. Noise pollution
f. Thermal pollution
g. Nuclear hazards

Solid waste Management: Causes, effects and control measures

of urban and industrial wastes.
Role of an individual in prevention of pollution
Pollution case studies
Disaster management: floods, earthquake, cyclone and landslides.

Unit 3: Social Issues and the Environment (10 hours)

Urban problems related to energy

Water conservation, rain water harvesting, watershed management
Resettlement and rehabilitation of people: its problems and concerns,
Case studies
Environmental ethics: Issues and possible solutions
Climate change, global warming, acid rain, ozone layer depletion ,
nuclear accidents and holocaust, Case studies
Consumerism and waste products
Environment Protection Act
Air ( Prevention and Control of Pollution)
Act Water (Prevention and control of
Pollution) Act Wildlife Protection Act
Forest Conservation Act

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Issues involved in enforcement of environmental

legislation Public awareness
Module III

Non-renewable and Renewable Energy Sources (10 hours)

Non-renewable energy sources:-Coal, Oil, Natural gas; Nuclear fission energy;

Merits and demerits of non-renewable energy.
Renewable energy sources: Biomass energy- Biogas plant - Fixed dome type and
moving dome type; Wind energy; Wave energy; Tidal energy; Hydroelectricity;
Geothermal energy conversion; Ocean thermal energy conversion; Fusion energy;
Hydrogen energy- Production (electrolysis) and storage; Merits and demerits of
each renewable energy sources; Storage of intermittently generated renewable
energy (qualitative); Fuel cell.

Module IV

Solar energy (10 hours)

Sun as a source of energy- Solar radiation, Solar Constant, Spectral distribution; Solar
pond - Convective and salt gradient types; Flat plate collector; Solar water heater -
Direct and indirect systems- Passive and active systems; Optical concentrator -
Parabolic trough reflector - Mirror strip reflector - Fresnel lens collector; Solar
desalination; Solar dryer - Direct and indirect type; Solar cooker; Solar heating of
buildings; Solar green houses; Need and characteristics of photovoltaic (PV) systems;
Solar cells - Principle, Equivalent circuits, V-I characteristics, fill factor, conversion
efficiency; PV Sun tracking systems; Merits and demerits of solar energy.

Module – V
Environmental Impact Assessment and Home Energy Audit (8 hours) Basic Ideas of
environmental impact assessment – environmental laws and constitutional provisions
to control pollution in India: Air Act, Water Act & Environmental Protection Acts.
Introduction to energy audit (basic ideas only): power in electrical circuits,
consumption by home appliances and assessment of home power consumption.

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REFERENCES

1. Bharucha Erach, Text Book of Environmental Studies for undergraduate

Courses. University Press, IInd Edition 2013 (TB)
2. Clark.R.S., Marine Pollution, Clanderson Press Oxford (Ref)
3. Cunningham, W.P.Cooper, T.H.Gorhani, E & Hepworth, M.T.2001
Environmental Encyclopedia, Jaico Publ. House. Mumbai. 1196p .(Ref)
4. Dc A.K.Enviornmental Chemistry, Wiley Eastern Ltd.(Ref)
5. Down to Earth, Centre for Science and Environment (Ref)
6. Heywood, V.H & Watson, R.T. 1995. Global Biodiversity
Assessment, Cambridge University Press 1140pb (Ref)
7. Jadhav.H & Bhosale.V.M. 1995. Environmental Protection and Laws.
Himalaya Pub. House, Delhi 284p (Ref)
8. Mekinney, M.L & Schock.R.M. 1996 Environmental Science Systems &
Solutions. Web enhanced edition 639p (Ref)
9. Miller T.G. Jr., Environmental Science, Wadsworth Publishing Co. (TB)
10. Odum.E.P 1971. Fundamentals of Ecology. W.B. Saunders Co. USA 574p (Ref)
11. Rao.M.N & Datta.A.K. 1987 Waste Water treatment Oxford & IBII Publication
Co.Pvt.Ltd.345p (Ref)
12. Rajagopalan. R, Environmental Studies from crisis and cure,
Oxford University Press, Published: 2016 (TB)
13. Sharma B.K., 2001. Environmental Chemistry. Geol Publ. House, Meerut (Ref)
14. Townsend C., Harper J, and Michael Begon, Essentials of

Ecology, Blackwell Science (Ref)

15. Trivedi R.K., Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules Guidelines,

Compliances and Stadards, Vol I and II, Enviro Media (Ref)
16. Trivedi R. K. and P.K. Goel, Introduction to air pollution, Techno-
Science Publication (Ref)
17. Wanger K.D., 1998 Environmental Management. W.B. Saunders
Co. Philadelphia, USA 499p (Ref)
(M) Magazine (R) Reference (TB) Textbook

18. Renewable Energy Sources and Emerging Technologies: Edition 2, D.P.

Kothari K. C. Singal Rakesh Ranjan - PHI Learning Pvt. Ltd, 2011.

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19. Solar energy - M P Agarwal - S Chand and Co. Ltd.

20. Solar energy - Suhas P Sukhative Tata McGraw - Hill Publishing Company Ltd.
21. Environmental Science: Principles and Practices by R C Das and D K Behera
22. Principles of Physics, 10th edition, 2017 by Jearl Walker, David
Halliday and Robert Resnick- Wiley.
23. Sears and Zemansky’s University Physics with modern physics,
th
14 edition, 2018 by Hugh D Young and Roger A Freedman- Pearson.

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Re
fle
Semester-V
cti
Open Course: Credits-3 (72 Hrs) on,

19U5OCPHY01: Physics in Daily Life ref

ra
cti
CO CO Statement
on,
List the units and dimensions of fundamental and derived quantities. dif
CO1
fra

Explain the concepts of reflection, refraction, diffraction, interference, cti

CO2
scattering and total internal reflection on,
int
Understanding various defects of the eye. erf
CO3
er
Apply the fundamental concepts of motion in everyday life. en
CO4
ce,
Generalize the physics behind matter and energy. sc
CO5
att

Illustrate the different phenomenon occurring in the universe. eri

CO6
ng
(
Distinguish between the different methods of power generation.
CO7
ele
me
CO8 Understanding Planets and Satellites.
nta
ry
Module I ide
as
Unit 1 (8 hours) Fundamental and derived quantities. Units and
onl
dimensions,dimensional analysis, order of magnitude, significant figures, y)

errors. –
ex
Unit 2 Light (12 am
Hours)
ple

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 B Sc Programme in Physics, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Thevara

s from daily life – apparent depth, blue color of sky, twinkling of stars.
Total internal reflection, mirage, sparkling of diamond, primary and
secondary rainbow – optical fibers. Concave and convex mirrors, lenses
– focal length, power of a lens, refractive index, prism, dispersion. Human
eye, defects of the eye – myopia, hypermetropia, presbyopia and
astigmatism and their correction by lens.
Module II

Unit 3 Motion (12

Hours)
Velocity, acceleration, momentum, Idea of inertia, force - laws of motion.
Newton’s law of gravitation, acceleration due to gravity, mass and weight,
apparent weight, weightlessness.
Rotational motion, Moment of inertia, torque, centripetal and centrifugal

acceleration-examples- banking of curves, centrifugal pump, roller

coasters.

Unit 4 Electricity 10 Hours)

Voltage and current, ohms law. Electric energy, electric power, calculation of
energy
requirement of electric appliances – transformer, generator,
hydroelectric power
generation – wind power – solar power – nuclear power

Module III

Unit 5 Matter and energy (18 Hours)

Different phases of matter, fluids - surface tension, viscosity- capillary rise,

Bernoulli’s theorem and applications.
Heat energy, temperature, different temperature scales – degree
Celsius, Fahrenheit and Kelvin.
Waves – transverse and longitudinal waves, sound waves, Doppler Effect.

Lasers, fluorescence, phosphorescence, electromagnetic waves – applications –

microwave oven, radar, super conductivity.

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Unit 6 Universe (12 hours)

Planets, – solar system, moon- faces of moon, lunar and solar eclipses,
constellations, Different types of stars, Galaxies, black hole. Satellites, Artificial
satellites, Global positioning system. Geo stationary satellite.

Reference Texts

1. Fundamentals of Physics with Applications by Arthur Beiser

2. Conceptual Physics by Paul G Hewitt

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 B Sc Programme in Physics, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Thevara

Semester-VI

Core Course: IX Credit-3 (54 hours)

19U6CRPHY09: THERMAL AND STATISTICAL PHYSICS

CO CO Statement

CO1 State the laws of thermodynamics

Describe the working of engines.

CO2

Define the concept of entropy and explain its physical significance.

CO3

CO4 Understanding Lees disc and calculating thermal conductivity

Explain the significance of Clausius-Clapeyron equation

CO5

Explain fundamental concepts of statistical mechanics

CO6

Compute the thermodynamics of an ideal monoatomic gas.

CO7

Derive Maxwell-Boltzmann,Bose-Einstien and Fermi-Dirac distribution

CO8
laws and compare the laws.

Module I

Equation of state for gases (5 hours)

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Equation of an ideal gas, behavior of real gases, Andrew’s experiment on

carbon dioxide, critical state, two phase region, intermolecular forces, van der
Waals equation of state, van der Waals isotherms, critical constants, limitation
of van der Waals equation.
Zeroth law of thermodynamics (4
hours)

Thermodynamic system, surroundings, variables, thermal equilibrium: zeroth law,

thermodynamic equilibrium, thermodynamic processes, reversible and irreversible
processes, equation of state, expansivity and compressibility.

First laws of thermodynamics (7 hours)

Internal energy, heat, work, cyclic processes, first law, heat capacity, energy equation and
difference of specific heat capacities, indicator diagram work done in reversible
isothermal expansion of ideal gas, work done in reversible adiabatic expansion of ideal
gas.

Heat engines and second law of thermodynamics (5 hours)

Second law statements, heat engine, efficiency, Carnot’s ideal heat engine, work done
by the engine per cycle, reversibility, Carnot refrigerator, heat pump, Carnot theorem,
absolute scale of temperature, Clausius- Clapeyron latent heat equation.

Text Book: Thermal and Statistical Physics, R.B. Singh, part-1 chapter 3, 4, 5 and6

Module II

Entropy (5 hours) Definition of entropy, principle of increase of entropy,

entropy and
unavailable energy, change in entropy in heat conduction, change in
entropy in reversible and irreversible process, efficiency of Carnot cycle
from TS diagram, entropy of an ideal gas, entropy and disorder.

Thermodynamic relations (8hours)

Maxwell’s thermodynamic relations, TdS equations, energy equation, heat capacity

equations, thermodynamic functions, third law of thermodynamics. Conduction
and radiation (4 hours)
Conduction, thermal conductivity, thermal conductivity of bad conductor Lee’s
disc experiment -thermal resistance, thermal radiation and its properties,

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fundamental definitions of energy flux, intensity and radiant emittance, Stefan’s

law, Stefan-Boltzmann law.
Text Book: Thermal and Statistical Physics, R.B. Singh, part-1 chapter7,8,10 and 11.

Module III

Statistical mechanics (8 hours)

Microstates and macrostates, Phase space, density of states, mu space and Gamma
space, principle of equal a priori probability, ergodic hypothesis, statistical equilibrium,
ensemble,ensemble formulation of statistical mechanics, microcanonical, canonical and
grand canonical ensemble, partition function, average energy of particle, equipartition
theorem.

Statistical distributions (8 hours) Maxwell Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-

Einstein statistics, distribution laws,
Maxwell-Boltzmann, Fermi-Dirac and Bose-Einstein distribution.
Text Book: Thermal and Statistical Physics, R.B. Singh, part-2, Chapters 2, 3,4 and 5.

Text Book:

1. Thermal and Statistical Physics, R.B. Singh, New Age Pub.

(2010) References:

1. An introduction to thermodynamics by Y.V.C. Rao (New Age Pub.)

2. An introduction to Thermal Physics by D.V. Schroeder (Pearson Pub.)
3. Heat and thermodynamics by Mark W Zemansky, Richard H Dittman & Amit
K Chattopadhyay. MCH New Delhi.
4. Thermodynamics and Statistical physics Brij Lal, N.Subrahmanyam and P
S Hemne (S. Chand &Co, Multi colour edition 2007).
5. Berkeley Physics Course Volume 5; Statistical Physics; Frederick Reif. McGraw Hill
6. Statistical Mechanics, R.K. Pathria, Pergamon press,

Oxford

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Semester-VI
Core Course: X Credit-3 (72 hours)

19U6CRPHY10: RELATIVITY AND SPECTROSCOPY

CO CO Statement

CO1 Understanding Inertial and non inertial frames of reference

CO2 Significance of Michelson-Morley experiment

State the postulates of special theory of relativity-introductory concept of

CO3
GTR

Derive Lorentz transformation equation and Einstein mass - energy

CO4
relation

Analyze the consequence of Lorentz transformation

CO5

Describe atom models- Bohr atom model and vector atom model
CO6

Interpret the spin of electron using Stern-Gerlach experiment

CO7

Define the rotational and vibrational spectra of molecules and electronic

CO8
energy levels of atom

Explain the Raman effect classically and quantum mechanically,Zeeman

CO9
effect and Paschen Back effect,NMR,ESR

Explain IR and microwave spectroscopes with instrumentation

CO10

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Module I
Special Theory of Relativity (18 hours) Inertial and non inertial frames of reference-
Galilean transformation, Significance of Michelson-Morley experiment, Postulates of
Special Theory of Relativity, Lorentz transformation, Spatial contraction, Time
dilation, composition of velocities, mass of moving particle, Equivalence of mass and
energy. Introductory concept of general theory of relativity.

Text Book: Modern Physics, Kenneth S Krane.

Concepts of modern Physics, Arthur Beiser

Module II
Atomic Spectroscopy (21 hours)
Historical introduction. Electrostatic spectrum. Types of spectra. Absorption and
emission of light by atoms, quantum theory, early atom models – Bohr model,
electron spin and magnetic moment, Exclusion principle, Stern- Gerlach experiment,
Vector atom model, quantum numbers associated with vector atom models, Total
angular momentum and LS coupling, fine structure of Sodium D lines, Zeeman effect,
quantum mechanical explanation for anomalous Zeeman effect, Paschen-Back effect.
Text Book: Molecular structure and Spectroscopy, G Aruldas.

Concepts of modern Physics, Arthur Beiser

Module III
Molecular Spectroscopy (21 hours)
Molecular energy levels. Electronic, rotational and vibrational energies, rotational
spectra, explanation in terms of rigid rotator model, vibrational energy levels,
explanation in terms of harmonic oscillator.
Electronic energy levels of atoms, Fluorescence and phosphorescence, Raman
effect – experimental arrangement and result, classical theory and its failure,
quantum theory of Raman effect.

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IR and Microwave spectroscopes.

Text Book: Fundamentals olf Molecular Spectroscopy, C.Banwell and E. Mccash.
Molecular structure and Spectroscopy, G Aruldas.

NMR and ESR Spectroscopy (12 hours) NMR Spectroscopy- Basic principles and
instrumentation- Medical applications of NMR. Text Book: Molecular structure and
Spectroscopy, G Aruldas – Chapter 10 (Sections
10.1, 10.2,10.3 and 10.19).
ESR Spectroscopy- Basic principles and instrumentation.
Text Book: Molecular structure and Spectroscopy, G Aruldas – Chapter 11

(Sections 11.1, 11.2 and 11.3).

Text Books:
1. Molecular structure and spectroscopy, Aruldas 2nd ed. EEE.
2. Modern Physics, Kenneth S Krane (2nd Edition) -Wiley.
3. Concepts of modern Physics, Arthur Beiser (6th Edition) -
SIE. References:
1. Spectroscopy: Straughan and Walker –(Vol.1) John Wiley
2. Fundamentals of Molecular Spectroscopy: CN Banwell –(4th edition) TMH .
3. Introduction to Atomic Spectra, HE White, TMH
4. Elements of spectroscopy, Guptha, Kumar and Sharma (Pragathi Prakash)
5. Special Relativity- Resnick, (Wiley)
6. Mechanics – D.S.Mathur (S.Chand).
7. Mechanics by J.C. Upadhayaya (Ramprasad)
8. Semiconductor physics and optoelectronics- V Rajendran, J Hemaletha and M S

M Gibson.

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Semester-VI

Core Course: XI Credit - 3 (54 hours)

19U6CRPHY11: NUCLEAR, PARTICLE PHYSICS AND ASTROPHYSICS

CO CO Statement

CO1 Understanding Nuclear composition and Nuclear forces

CO2 Understanding Interactions between energetic particles

CO3 Understanding Radioactive decay –

Differentiates the different types of reactors and Cosmic showers

CO4

Explain the properties of elementary particles and their interactions

CO5

Explain the explosive nature of Supernova and the subsequent

CO6
productions of elements

Identify different stages in the evolution of stars

CO7

Module I

Nuclear structure (10 hours)

Nuclear composition – Discovery of neutron – Nuclear electrons - Nuclear
properties: Nuclear radii – Spin and magnetic moment - Stable nuclei - Binding
energy- Binding energy curve, Liquid drop model - Semi empirical binding energy
formula with correction factors - Shell model - Nuclear forces- Meson theory of
nuclear forces – Discovery of pion – Virtual Photons
Nuclear Radiation Detectors, Counters and Particle Accelerators (8 Hours)

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Interactions between energetic particles and matter (basic concepts only) - Ionization
chamber - Solid state detectors - Proportional counter - Geiger-Muller counter - The
Wilson cloud chamber - Bubble chamber - Scintillation counters - Van de Graaff

generator - Linear accelerator - Cyclotron - Betatron

Module II
Nuclear Transformations (15 hours)
Radioactive decay – Radiation hazards – Half life – Radiometric dating – Radioactive
series - Alpha decay, tunnel theory of alpha decay, derivation for alpha decay
constant - Beta decay, positron emission, electron capture, inverse beta decay –
Gamma decay - The concept of interaction cross section, reaction rate – Nuclear
reactions, Resonance, Center of mass coordinate system, Q value of nuclear reaction
– Nuclear fission – Nuclear reactors – Breeder reactors - Nuclear fusion in stars –
Formation of heavier elements – Fusion reactors – Confinement methods
Cosmic rays (4 hours) Latitude effect – Azimuth effect – Altitude effect - Primary
cosmic rays – Secondary
cosmic rays – Cosmic ray showers – Discovery of Positron – Mesons Van Allen

belts – Origin of cosmic rays

Module III
Particle Physics (10 hours)
Interactions and Particles – Leptons – Neutrinos and Antineutrinos, other leptons
– Hadrons – Resonance particles – Elementary particle quantum numbers – Basic
concepts of symmetries and conservation principles – Basic concepts of Quarks –
color, flavor, Quark confinement –Higgs boson
Astrophysics (7 hours) Classification of stars – Hertzsprung - Russel diagram –
Luminosity of a star –
Stellar evolution - White Dwarfs - Chandrasekhar limit - Neutron stars - Black holes

- Supernova explosion – Photon diffusion time.

Text Book:
1. Concepts of Modern Physics, Arthur Beiser, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw-
Hill publishing company
2. Modern Physics, R Murugeshan and K. Sivaprasath, 15th Edition
(Revised) (2010), S.Chand
References:
1. Atomic and Nuclear Physics, S N Ghoshal, S.Chand.
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2. Nuclear and Particle Physics S L Kakani and Subhra Kakani -Viva Books 2008
3. Elements of Nuclear Physics, M L Pandya and R P S Yadav, Kedar Nath Ram
Nath
4. Modern Physics, Kennth Krane, 2nd Edition, Wiley India (Pvt) Ltd.
5. Modern Physics , G. Aruldhas and P. Rajagopal, Prentice-Hall India
6. An Introduction to Astrophysics, Baidyanath Basu, 2nd Edition, Prentice-Hall India

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Semester-VI
Core Course: XII Credit-3 (72 hours)
19U6CRPHY12: SOLID STATE PHYSICS

CO CO Statement

CO1 Understanding Solid state, crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous

materials

CO2 Understanding Inter-atomic forces, ionic bonding, bond dissociation and

cohesive energy, madelung energy, covalent bonding, metallic bonding,
hydrogen bonding, van derwaals bonding
Explain the basic concepts of free electron theory and band theory of
CO3
solids

Explain the basic concept of semiconductor, hall effect, the principles of

CO4
LED and photodiodes

Explain the basic concepts of polarization

CO5

CO6 Analyze the theories related to dielectric polarizability

Classify magnetic materials and their properties

CO7

Solve problems related to coherence length, penetration depth, isotopic

CO8
mass, in superconductivity.

Module I
Crystal structure (18 hours) Solid state, crystalline, polycrystalline and amorphous
materials, crystal lattice, periodicity, translation vectors, unit cell, basis, symmetry
operations, bravais lattice in two and three dimensions, miller indices, interplanar
spacing, simple crystal structures-hcp, fcc, bcc and simple cubic, Structures of
NaCl, Diamond and ZnS, X-ray diffraction from crystals- Bragg’s law, powder
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method, reciprocal lattice -properties, reciprocal lattice to sc, bcc and fcc, Bragg’s
law in reciprocal lattice.
Text book: Solid State Physics by Puri and Babbar- Chapter 1 & 2

Module II
Bonding in solids (7 hours)
Inter-atomic forces, ionic bonding, bond dissociation and cohesive energy,
madelung energy, covalent bonding, metallic bonding, hydrogen bonding, van
derwaals bonding (basic ideas only).
Text book: Solid State Physics by Puri and Babbar
Free electron theory and elementary band theory (12 hours)
Free electron gas in one dimension, three dimension, electronic specific heat,
band theory, Bloch theorem, Kronig-Penney model (derivation not expected),
energy-wave vector relations, different zone schemes, velocity and effective mass
of electron, distinction between metals, insulators and semiconductors.
Semiconducting properties of materials (12 hours)
Intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors, drift velocity, mobility and conductivity of intrinsic
semiconductors, carrier concentration and Fermi level for intrinsic semiconductor, carrier
concentration, conductivity and Fermi level for extrinsic semiconductor. Hall Effect, Direct
and Indirect band gap, Principles of LED and Photodiodes.
Text book: Solid State Physics by Puri and Babbar Chapter 5, 6 and 7

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Module III
Dielectric properties of materials (5 hours)
Polarization and susceptibility, local filed, dielectric constant and polarizability,
sources of polarizability, Clausius-Mossoti relation, piezoelectricity.
Magnetic properties of materials (7 hours)
Response of materials to magnetic field, classification of magnetic materials,
Langevin’s classical theory of diamagnetism and paramagnetism, ferromagnetism,
Weiss theory, domain theory, antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism.
Superconductivity (10 hours)
Origin of superconductivity, response of magnetic field, Meissner effect, super current
and penetration depth, critical field and critical temperature, type-I and type –II
superconductors, thermodynamic and optical properties, isotope effect, Josephson
effect and tunneling- SQUID BCS theory-Cooper pairs-Existence of bandgap.
Text book: Solid State Physics by Puri and Babbar Chapter 5, 6 and 7
Text book:
1. Solid State Physics by Puri and Babbar
(S.Chand) References :
1. Solid State Physics, M.A. Wahab, (2nd Edition), Narosa
2. Introduction to Solid State Physics, Charles Kittel, (7th Edition), Wiley
3. Crystallography applied to solid state Physics, AR Verma, ON Srivastava,
New age
4. Solid State Physics, AJ Dekker- Macmillian.
5. Solid State Physics, NW Ashcroft, ND Mermin – Cengage Learning.
6. Elementary Solid State Physics, M. Ali Omer, Pearson.
7. Solid state physics, R L Singal, KNRN &Co.

8. Solid state physics, S O Pillai, New age

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Semester-VI
Choice Based Course – XIII-1 Credit-3 (54 hours)
19U6CRPHY13: COMPUTATIONAL PHYSICS

Algorithms of all methods required

CO CO Statement

Discuss the methods to solve algebraic and

CO1
transcendental equations

Compare the methods to solve algebraic and

CO2
transcendental equations

Discuss the methods to solve linear systems

CO3

Solve problems of nonlinear equations by

CO4
numerical methods

Explain the methods for curve –fitting and

CO5
interpolation

Solve the problems of curve fitting and

CO6
interpolation

Discuss various numerical integration and

CO7
differentiation methods

Solve the problems of numerical integration and

CO8
differentiation methods

Module I (18 hours) Solutions of Nonlinear Equations

Bisection Method - Newton Raphson method (two equation solution) – Regula -

Falsi Method, Secant method - Fixed point iteration method - Rate of convergence
and comparisons of these Methods
Solution of system of linear algebraic equations
Gauss elimination method with pivoting strategies-Gauss- Jordan method-LU
Factorization, Iterative methods (Jacobi method, Gauss-Seidel method)
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Module II (18 hours) Curve fitting: Regression and interpolation

Least squares Regression- fitting a straight line, parabola, polynomial and

exponential curve
Finite difference operators-forward differences, divided difference; shift, average and
differential operators- Newton’s forward difference interpolation formulae- Lagrange
interpolation polynomial- Newton’s divided difference interpolation polynomial
Module III (18 hours)
Numerical Differentiation and Integration
Numerical Differentiation formulae - Maxima and minima of a tabulated function-
Newton-Cote general quadrature formula - Trapezoidal, Simpson’s 1/3, 3/8 rule –
Solution of ordinary differential equations
Taylor Series Method, Picard’s method-Euler’s and modified Euler’s method –

Heun’s method- Runge Kutta methods for 1st and 2nd order Text Books:

1. Numerical Methods, Balagurusamy, TMH

2. Numerical Methods for Scientists and Engineers- K Sankara Rao- PHI
3. Introductory Numerical Methods, S S Sastry, PHI.

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Semester-VI
Choice Based Course – XIII-2 Credit-3 (54 hours)
19U6CRPHY13:
MATERIAL SCIENCE

CO CO Statement

CO1 Memorize the Materials and classification

Discuss the mechanical properties

CO2
Materials

Summarise the optical properties of

CO3
materials

Implementation of advanced materials in

CO4
the modern engineering applications

Identify the purpose of the nano materials

CO5
and applications

Investigate the importance of carbon

CO6
nanostructures

Significance of modern characterisation

CO7
techniques

Module I
(18 hours)
Structure and Properties of Materials
Classification of materials- Advance materials- Level of structures, Microstructure and
Macrostructure, Structure-Property relationships, Physical properties of materials-
Imperfections in solids- Point defects, imperfections, dislocations- interfacial and bulk
defects. Diffusion Mechanisms- Fick’s first and second laws. Mechanical Properties-
Stress strain relationship, Basic ideas of anelasticity, plastic deformation, tensile
properties, ductility, malleability, brittleness, toughness, resilience, hardness, stiffness,

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endurance, creep and impact strength- Basic Thermal properties, Thermal

cracking-Electrical and Magnetic properties- Dielectric strength and dielectric
constant- Basic ideas of Chemical properties
Text Book: Callister’s Material Science and Engineering-Adapted by R

Balasubramaniam, Wiley

Module II (18 hours)

Optical Properties of Materials
Absorption processes- Fundamental absorption -Exciton absorption- Free –carrier
absorption- Photoconductivity- Photoelectric effect- Photovoltaic effect-
Photoluminescence-colour centres-Generation of colour centres
Text Book: Solid State Physics, M.A. Wahab, Chapter-15

Modern Engineering Materials

Display devices- active and passive-Liquid crystals- Types of Liquid crystals-
Nematic liquid crystals-Cholesteric liquid crystals- Smectic liquid crystals-General
features of liquid crystals- Numeric display using LCD Metallic glasses; Shape
memory alloy; lead free solders
Text Book: Semiconductor Physics and Optoelectronics, V.Rajendran et al. Unit-II

Module III (18 hours) Nanoscience

Metal nanoclusters-magic numbers, theoretical modelling, geometric and

electronic structure, magnetic clusters; Semiconducting nano particles- Rare gas
and molecular clusters- carbon nanostructures- Carbon clusters, CNT preparation,
properties and applications; Quantum wells, wires and dots – preparation, Size
and dimensionality effects, applications .
Text Book: Modern Physics by Murugeshan
Material Characterization Techniques
Qualitative study of Powder XRD, SEM, SPM, TEM, STM, AFM, PES and Raman
spectroscopy.
Text Book: Nanotechnology-The science of small- MA Shah and KA Shah, Chapter 5

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Text Books:
1. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology : Fundamentals to Frontiers by
M.S. Ramachandran Rao, Shubra Singh , Wiley 2013
2. Text Book: Callister’s Material Science and Engineering-Adapted by
R Balasubramaniam, Wiley
2. Solid State Physics (2nd ed.), M.A. Wahab, Narosa pub.
3. Nanotechnology-The science of small, MA Shah and KA Shah, Wiley.
4. Text Book: Modern Physics by Murugeshan
5. Semiconductor Physics and Optoelectronics, V.Rajendran et al.,
Vikas
PublishingHouse.

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References:
1. Crystallography applied to solid state Physics, A.R Verma, O.N Srivastava,
New age
2. Nanotechnology, L.E Foster, Pearson.
3. Nanotechnology: Principles and Practices, 2nd edition, Sulabha K Kulkarni,
Springer.
4. Introduction to Nanotechnology, C.P Poole, F.J Owens –Wiley
5. Textbook of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, BS Murthy, P Shankar, Baldev

Raj,BB Rath and J Murday- Universities Press-IIM

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B. Sc. PHYSICS PRACTICAL

Minimum of experiments to be done in each paper is 14. Minimum number of

experiments for appearing practical examination is 8. Maximum possible number of
repetitions must be done to reduce error in a measuring quantity. Do calculation of
percentage error for all experiments.
The S.I. units must be specified along with the results.

SEMESTER 1&2 (First Year)

Core Practical 1: 19U2PRPHY01– Mechanics and Properties of Matter

1. Symmetric Compound Pendulum – Determination of acceleration due to

gravity (g), radius of gyration(K) and moment of inertia (I)
2. Asymmetric Compound Pendulum – Determination of acceleration due
to gravity (g), radius of gyration(K) and moment of inertia (I)
3. Kater’s pendulum – Determination of acceleration due to gravity (g)
4. Torsion Pendulum – Determination of rigidity modulus (n) and moment of inertia
(I)
5. Torsion Pendulum (Method of equal masses) – Determination of rigidity modulus
(n) and moment of inertia (I)
6. Measurement of density of a solid – Sensibility method to find mass using beam
balance and screw gauge / venier calipers for dimension measurements
7. Uniform bending – Pin and Microscope – Determination of Young’s modulus
8. Non Uniform bending – Pin and Microscope – Determination of Young’s modulus

9. Uniform bending – Optic Lever – Determination of Young’s modulus

10. Non Uniform bending – Optic Lever – Determination of Young’s modulus
11. Cantilever – Scale and telescope – Determination of Young’s modulus
12. Cantilever – Pin and Microscope – Determination of Young’s modulus
13. Vertical oscillations of a spring – Determination of Young’s modulus
14. One dimensional elastic collision – Hanging sphere method – Law of
conservation of energy and momentum
15. Static Torsion – Determination of rigidity modulus
16. Flywheel – Determination of moment of inertia
17. Constant pressure head – Determination of viscosity of a liquid

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18. Variable pressure head – Determination of viscosity of a liquid

19. Stokes’s method – Determination of viscosity of a liquid
20. Capillary rise method – Determination of surface tension
21. Quincke’s method – Determination of surface tension

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SEMESTER 3&4 (Second Year)

Core Practical 02: 19U4PRPHY02–Optics and Semiconductor Physics

1. Liquid Lens – Determination of optical constants of a convex lens – water

and mercury given
2. Liquid Lens – Determination of refractive index of a liquid – water and
unknown liquid
3. Spectrometer – Prism – Determination of refractive index of material of the prism

4. Spectrometer – Hollow Prism – Determination of refractive index of liquid

5. Spectrometer – Small angled prism – Normal incidence – Determination of
refractive index of material of the prism
6. Spectrometer – i – d curve – Determination of refractive index of material of
the prism
7. Newton’s rings – Determination of wavelength of sodium light
8. The air wedge – Determination of diameter of thin wire
9. Zener characteristics – forward and reverse – Study of dynamic and static
properties
10. Transistor characteristics – Common Emitter Configuration
11. Half wave rectifier – Study of ripple factor and load regulation with and
without filter circuit
12. Full wave rectifier – (center tap) – Study of ripple factor and load
regulation with and without filter circuit
13. Full wave rectifier – (bridge) – Study of ripple factor and load
regulation with and without filter circuit
14. FET – characteristics – Determination of parameters
15. Voltage regulator using zener diode – Study of line and load regulations
16. Clippers – positive, negative and biased – Study of output waveforms
17. Clampers – positive, negative and biased – Study of output waveforms
18. OPAMP characteristics – Study of CMRR and open loop gain
19. OPAMP – inverter, non inverter and buffer – Study of gain
20. LC Oscillator – Colpit’s /Hartley – using transistor
21. Phase shift oscillator – using transistor

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SEMESTER 5&6 (Third Year)

Core Practical 03: 19U6PRPHY03– Electricity, Magnetism and LASER

1. Potentiometer – Measurement of resistance of wire

2. Potentiometer – Calibration of low range voltmeter
3. Potentiometer – Calibration of high range voltmeter
4. Potentiometer – Calibration of ammeter
5. Tangent galvanometer – Calibration of ammeter
6. Moving coil galvanometer – figure of merit
7. Conversion of galvanometer into voltmeter
8. Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter
9. Field along the axis of a circular coil – magnetic flux variation
10. Field along the axis of a circular coil – m and Bh
11. Searle’s vibration magnetometer – magnetic moment
12. Deflection and vibration magnetometer – m and Bh
13. Carey Foster’s bridge – Measurement of resistivity of wire
14. LCR seriesand parallel resonant circuit analysis
15. Verification of Thevenin’s and Norton’s theorems
16. Verification of Superposition and Maximum power transfer theorems.
17. Laser – Grating – Determination of wavelength
18. Laser – Determination of spot size and divergence
19. Optical fiber – Determination of numerical aperture
20. Single slit diffraction using laser – Determination of slit width
21. e/m – Thomson’s apparatus – Bar magnet/magnetic focusing
22. Determination of Dielectric constant of a thin sheet/ a liquid

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SEMESTER 5&6 (Third Year)

Core Practical 04: 19U6PRPHY04– Digital Electronics

1. Realization of logic gates – AND, OR and NOT – Using diodes, transistors etc.

2. Realization of logic gates – AND, OR and NOT – Using universal gates

3. Verification of truth table of NAND, NOR, XOR and XNOR gates
4. Verification of De Morgan’s theorems – Using IC 7400
5. BCD to 7 segment decoder
6. Realization of Half adder/ Full adder using gates – Verification of truth table
7. Astable Multivibrator using Transistor
8. Astable Multivibrator using IC 555
9. Monostable Multivibrator using Transistor
10. Monostable Multivibrator using IC 555
11. D/A converter using IC 741 – Using binary weighed resistor / R – 2R ladder type

12. A/D converter using IC 741

13. SR Flip Flops using IC 7400 – Verification of truth table
14. JK Flip Flops using IC 7400 & 7410 – Verification of truth table
15. Digital counter using IC 7490 / 7495 / 74194 / 74151 – Verification of truth table
16. Schmitt trigger using IC 741
17. Bistable multivibrator using IC 555
18. Multiplexer using gates
19. Demultiplexer using gates
20. Shift register – SISO
21. Shift register – SIPO
22. 4-Bit Binary to Gray conversion
23. 4-Bit Gray to Binary conversion

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SEMESTER 5&6 (Third Year)

Core Practical 05: 19U6PRPHY05– Thermal Physics, Spectroscopy and C++

Programming

1. Thermistor – Resistance - Temperature characteristics and temperature co-

efficient of resistance
2. Newton’s law of cooling – Specific heat capacity of a liquid
3. Thermal conductivity of bad conductor – Lee’s disc
4. Carey Foster’s bridge – Temperature co-efficient of resistance
5. Study of Seeback effect/Peltier effect
6. Electrochemical equivalent of Copper
7. To determine e/k using transistor
8. Spectrometer – Cauchy’s constants
9. Spectrometer – Resolving power of a prism.
10. Spectrometer – Resolving power of grating.
11. Spectrometer – Dispersive power of grating
12. Spectrometer – Dispersive power of prism
13. Computer programming in C++ – Conversion of temperature scale
14. Computer programming in C++ – Solving a quadratic equation
15. Computer programming in C++ – Generation of Fibonacci series
16. Computer programming in C++ – Conversion of a decimal number into
binary number
17. Computer programming in C++ – Simple Pendulum – Calculation of ‘g’ from
experimental data
18. Computer programming in C++ – Resistance colour code to numerical value
conversion
19. Computer programming in C++ – For different initial velocity and angle of
projection, find out time of flight, horizontal range, Maximum height of a Projectile
20. Computer programming in C++ – sorting the numbers in ascending and
descending order
21. Computer programming in C++ – multiplication of two

matrices

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SEMESTER 5&6 (Third Year)

Core Practical 06: 19U6PRPHY06– Acoustics, Photonics and Advanced

Semiconductor Physics

1. Melde’s string – Determination of frequency of given tuning fork

2. Sonometer – Determination of frequency of AC
3. Sonometer – Determination of frequency of given tuning fork, unknown mass
and verification of laws of strings
4. Kundt’s tube – Determination of velocity of sound
5. Spectrometer – Quartz prism – Refractive indices of quartz for the ordinary
and extra –ordinary rays
6. Characteristics of LED – V- I characteristic for different colors
7. Characteristics of solar cell / photodiode – V- I characteristics
8. Characteristics of Light Depend Resistors
9. Planck’s constant using LED’s of at least 3 different colours
10. Weinbridge Oscillator using IC 741
11. Realization of XOR and Ex NOR using transistor
12. Sweep wave generator using transistor
13. Regulated power supply using zener diode and IC 741 – Study of line and load
regulations
14. Regulated power supply using IC 78XX/79XX etc – Study of line and load
regulations

15. Voltage regulator using zener diode and transistor – Study of line and load
regulations
16. RC coupled common emitter amplifier – Study of frequency response and
bandwidth
17. Voltage multipliers – doubler & tripler
18. Wave shaping R C circuits – Integrator and differentiator
19. OPAMP – adder and subtractor
20. Amplitude modulation using transistor
21. Pulse Width Modulation using IC 555
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References:

1. Advanced course in Practical Physics by D Chattopadhyay

2. Practical Physics – Joseph Ittiavirah, Premnath and Abraham(2005)
3. Practical Physics, CL Arora, S.Chand
4. Practical Physics, Harnam Singh , S Chand
5. Electronics lab manual Vol 1 & 2, K A Navas.
6. A course of Experiments with He –Ne Laser – R.S Sirohi (2nd Edition)
Wiley Eastern Ltd.
7. Electronics lab manual Vol 1 & 2, Kuryachan T D and Shyam Mohan

S, Ayodhya pub.

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11. COMPLEMENTARY PHYSICS FOR MATHEMATICS

Semester I 2 credits (36 hours)
19U1CPPHY01: PROPERTIES OF MATTER & ERROR
ANALYSIS

CO CO Statement

Define the basic concepts related to modulus of

CO1
elasticity

Illustrate the different examples of elasticity

CO2

Explain the molecular theory of surface tension

CO3

Categorize the factors affecting the surface tension

CO4

Discuss the theories related to viscosity

CO5

List different types of errors

CO6

Interpret the errors in instruments

CO7

Module I
Elasticity (13 hours) Stress- strain- Hooke’s law- Elastic moduli- Poisson’s ratio-
twisting couple-determination of rigidity modulus- static and dynamic methods-
static torsion - torsion pendulum, bending of beams- cantilever, uniform and non-
uniform bending, I section
girder.
Module II
Surface tension (3 hours) Molecular theory of surface tension - surface energy -
excess pressure in a liquid drop,
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factors affecting surface tension - applications

Hydrodynamics (7 hours)
Streamline and turbulent flow - critical velocity - Coefficient of viscosity - Derivation of
Poiseuille’s equation, Stokes equation-Determination of viscosity by Poiseuille’s method -

Brownian motion – Viscosity of gases – Bernoulli’s

theorem. Module III (13 hours)

Error Analysis
Basic ideas – uncertainties of measurement – importance of estimating errors – dominant
errors – random errors – systematic errors - rejection of spurious measurements.
Estimating and reporting errors – errors with reading scales, errors of digital instruments
– number of significant digits –absolute and relative errors – standard deviation.
Propagation of errors – sum and differences – products and quotients –
multiplying by constants – powers
References:
1. Elements of properties of matter, D S Mathur
2. Advanced course in Practical Physics by D Chattopadhyay
3. Properties of Matter - Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S. Chand and Co.)
4. Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser (Tata McGraw -Hill, 5th Edn.)
5. Modern Physics- G. Aruldas and P. Rajagopal (PHI Pub)
6. Physics- Resnick and Halliday
7. An Introduction to Error Analysis: The Study of Uncertainties in Physical
Measurements, John R. Taylor - Univ. Science Books

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Semester II 2 credits (36 hours)

19U2CPPHY03: MECHANICS AND ASTROPHYSICS

CO CO Statement

Recall the basic ideas of gravity

CO1

CO2 illustrate the experiments related to gravity

Recognize the ideas of rotational dynamics

CO3

Determine the moment of inertia of different bodies

CO4

Differentiate periodic and oscillatory motion

CO5

Explain the theories related to progressive waves

C06

Explain various physical parameters that affecting the star.

C07

C08 Discuss various theories of evolution of stars

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Module I
Motion under Gravity (5 hours)
Velocity- acceleration- force – acceleration due to gravity - compound pendulum
(symmetric and asymmetric) radius of gyration – Kater’s Pendulum- centripetal
acceleration and force - centrifugal force
Rotational Dynamics (10 hours)
Angular velocity- angular momentum- torque- conservation of angular momentum-
angular acceleration- moment of inertia- parallel and perpendicular axes theorems-
moment of inertia of rod, ring, disc, cylinder and sphere- flywheel

Module II
Oscillations (9 hours)
Periodic and oscillatory motion- simple harmonic motion- differential equation, expression for
displacement, velocity and acceleration- graphical representation- energy of a particle
executing simple harmonic motion - damped oscillation - forced oscillation and resonance.
Waves (4 hours) Waves-classifications- progressive wave- energy of progressive

wave- superposition of

waves-theory of beats- Doppler Effect.

Module III
Astrophysics (8 hours)
Temperature and color of a star- elements present in a stellar atmosphere- mass of star-

life time of a star- main sequence stars-HR diagram- evolution of stars- white dwarf-

supernova explosion- neutron star- black hole- (all topics to be treated qualitatively)

References
1. Elements of properties of matter, D S Mathur Mechanics- H.S.Hans and S.P.Puri. (TMH)
2. Mechanics, D S Mathur
3. Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan, Er. Kirthiga Sivaprasad

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4. A text book on oscillations waves and acoustics, M.Ghosh , D Bhattacharya

5. Introduction to Astrophysics-Baidyanath Basu.
6. Mechanics by D.S. Mathur and P.S. Hemne, S. Chand.
7. Waves, Mechanics & Oscillations- S B Puri

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Semester III

19U3CPPHY05:MODERN PHYSICS AND 3 credits (54 hours)

ELECTRONICS

CO CO Statement

CO1 Understanding Basic features of different atom models

CO2 Compute the binding energy of nucleus

Interprets the theory of radioactivity

CO3

Explain the physical concepts of quantum mechanics

CO4

Summarise the Schrödinger equation (time dependent and time

CO5
independent) for a particle in a potential box.

Explain the quantum theory of Raman Effect

CO6

CO7 Explain the physics of semiconductors

Evaluate the working of diodes and rectifiers

CO8

Recognize different types of number systems as they relate to computers

CO9

Describe the operation of the logic gates

CO10

Construct and understand the working principles of half adder and full
CO11
adder

Module I

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Modern Physics (18 hours) Basic features of Bohr atom model-formula for energy-
vector atom model- various quantum numbers-coupling schemes – LS & JJ-Pauli’s
exclusion principle- magnetic moments of orbital electrons

Atomic nucleus-classification-basic properties of nucleus-charge, mass, spin,

magnetic moment binding energy and packing fraction-nuclear forces-salient
features Radioactivity- properties of alpha, beta and gamma-Soddy Fajan’s
displacement law, law of radioactive disintegration-decay constant -half life and mean
life-radioactive equilibrium - measurement of radioactivity-radio carbon dating

Module II
Quantum Mechanics (12 hours)
Inadequacies of classical physics-experimental evidences-evidences for quantum
theory-Planck’s hypothesis-foundation of quantum mechanics-wave function &
probability density- Schrödinger equation-time dependent and time independent
particle in a potential box.
Spectroscopy (6 hours)
Optical spectra- spectral terms, selection rules, hyperfine structure; molecular spectra-
rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra; Raman effect- experimental study, quantum theory;
fluorescence and phosphorescence; comparison of Raman, fluorescence

and IR spectra; NMR

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Module III
Electronics (8 hours) Current-voltage characteristics of a diode -forward and
reverse bias-breakdown mechanism of p-n junction diode-Zener diode and its
characteristics-half wave and full wave rectifiers- bridge rectifier-ripple factor,
efficiency. Bipolar junction transistor-Construction and operation.

Module IV
Digital Electronics (10 hours)
Different number systems – decimal, binary, octal, hexa decimal number systems-
conversion between different number systems- binary mathematics – addition,
subtraction (1’s compliment and 2’s compliment methods) - basic theorems of Boolean
algebra- de Morgan’s theorems – Simplification of Boolean equations - AND, OR, NOT,

NAND, NOR, XOR gates- truth tables- half adder- full adder

References
1. Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan, Er. Kirthiga Sivaprasad
2. Principles of electronics, V K Mehta
3. Digital principles and applications- A. P. Malvino and P. Leach
4. Concepts of Modern Physics: Arthur Beiser (TMH).

5. Basic Electronics , B L Thereja (S. Chand)

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Semester IV 3 credits (54 hours)

19U4CPPHY07: OPTICS & Electricity

CO CO Statement

Explain the phenomenon of interferenc

CO1

Analyze Newton‟s ring experiment

CO2

CO3 Compute the resolving power of grating

Explains the concept of Polarization

CO4

State and analyze Brewste’s law

CO5

Explains the e-ray and o-ray

CO6

Describe the different types of lasers, its principle, properties

CO7

Recognize and classify the structures of Optical fiber and types

CO8

CO9 Explain the electrical behaviour of dielectric materials

Illustrate the theory related to Gauss‟s law in dielectrics

CO10

Describe various Series Circuits at resonance and its significance.

CO11

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Module I

Light waves- phase difference and coherence, optical path and phase change,
principle of superposition, Analytical treatment of interference-young’s double slit
experiment, conditions for interference, bandwidth - Interference in thin films-
reflected system-colour of thin films-fringes of equal inclination and equal
thickness. Newton’s rings-reflected system -measurement of wavelength.
Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffractions. Fresnel’s theory of approximate rectilinear
propagation of light-. Fraunhofer diffraction. Theory of Plane transmission grating-
determination of wavelength-dispersive power of grating. Prism and grating
spectra, resolving power, Rayleigh criterion, resolving power of grating,
Polarization, types of polarization, Brewster’s law, dichroism, birefringence – e ray

and o-ray, polarizer and analyser, Malu’s law, optical activity

Module II
Laser and Fiber Optics (10 hours)
Principle of operation of laser-population inversion, metastable states, optical resonator-
components of laser- active medium, pump, optical resonant cavity- principal pumping
schemes- three level and four level- laser beam characteristics applications of lasers.
Light propagation in optical fibers, acceptance angle, numerical aperture-step index fiber

- graded index fiber.

Module III
Dielectrics (10 hours)
Dielectrics- polar and non-polar dielectrics- polarization- sources of polarization-Gauss’s
law in dielectrics- permittivity- dielectric displacement vector- dielectric constant-

susceptibility- ferro-electricity.

Module IV
Varying Currents (12 hours)
Transient currents – Growth and decay of current in an inductive circuit – charging
and discharging of a capacitor through a resistance - Peak, mean, rms and
effective values of a.c, Ac circuits-AC through RC, LC, LR and LCR series circuits
resonance-sharpness of resonance-power factor.

References:
1. Optics - Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam, S Chand-2015
2. Electricity and Magnetism , D C Tayal

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3. Electricity and Magnetism- J. H. Fewkes & John Yarwood

4. Electricity and Magnetism – R. Murugeshan

5. Nuclear physics –Irvin Kaplan

6. Lasers – theory & applications- Thyagarajan & Ghatak
7. Concepts of Modern Physics- A. Beiser
8. Laser Physics and Applications, V K Jain (Narosa Publication)
9. Optical Fiber Communications, John M Senior

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12. COMPLEMENTARY PHYSICS FOR CHEMISTRY

Semester 1
19U1CPPHY02: PROPERTIES OF MATTER AND THERMODYNAMICS

CO CO Statement

Define the basic concepts related to modulus of elasticity

CO1

CO2 Illustrate the different examples of elasticity

Explain the molecular theory of surface tension

CO3

Categorize the factors affecting the surface tension

CO4

CO5 Discuss the theories related to viscosity

Classify different thermodynamic systems

CO6

Explain the theories of thermodynamics

CO7

Module I
Elasticity (13 hours) Stress- strain- Hooke’s law- Elastic moduli- Poisson’s ratio-
twisting couple-determination of rigidity modulus- static and dynamic methods-
static torsion- torsion pendulum, bending of beams- cantilever, uniform and
non-uniform bending, I section girder.

Module II
Surface tension (3 hours)
Molecular theory of surface tension - surface energy - excess pressure in a liquid
drop, factors affecting surface tension - applications
Hydrodynamics (7 hours)

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Streamline and turbulent flow - critical velocity - Coefficient of viscosity -

Derivation of Poiseuille’s equation, Stokes equation-Determination of viscosity by
Poiseuille’s method - Brownian motion – Viscosity of gases- Bernoulli’s theorem.
Text Book: Elements of properties of matter, D S Mathur, Chapter- 14

Module III
Thermodynamics (13 hours)
Thermodynamic systems- thermodynamic equilibrium- thermodynamic processes-
isothermal process- adiabatic process- zeroth law of thermodynamics, first law of
thermodynamics- heat engine - the Carnot engine- refrigerator, concept of
entropy-second law of thermodynamics- third law of thermodynamics- Maxwell’s
thermodynamic relations
Text Books:
1. Elements of properties of matter, D S Mathur- S Chand

2. Heat and Thermodynamics-Brijlal & Subrahmanyam (S.Chand)

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References
1. Mechanics - H.S.Hans and S.P.Puri. (Tata McGraw-Hill)
2. Properties of Matter - Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S. Chand and Co.)
3. Mechanics - J.C. Upadhyaya (Ram Prasad and sons)

4. Heat and Thermodynamics – Mark W Zemanski (Tata McGraw-Hill)

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Semester 2
19U2CPPHY04: MECHANICS AND SUPERCONDUCTIVITY

CO CO Statement

Recall the basic ideas of gravity

CO1

CO2 illustrate the experiments related to gravity

Recognize the ideas of rotational dynamics

CO3

Determine the moment of inertia of different bodies

CO4

CO5 Differentiate periodic and oscillatory motion

Explain the theories related to progressive waves

C06

Describe different theories related to superconductivity

C07

Explain types of superconductivity and their applications

C08

Module I
Motion under gravity (5 hours)
Velocity- acceleration- force – acceleration due to gravity - compound pendulum
(symmetric and asymmetric) radius of gyration –centripetal acceleration and force
- centrifugal force
Rotational dynamics (10 hours)
Angular velocity- angular momentum- torque- conservation of angular momentum-
angular acceleration- moment of inertia- parallel and perpendicular axes theorems-

moment of inertia of rod, ring, disc, cylinder and sphere- flywheel

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Module II
Oscillations (9 hours)
Periodic and oscillatory motion- simple harmonic motion- differential equation, expression for
displacement, velocity and acceleration- graphical representation- energy of a particle
executing simple harmonic motion damped oscillation- forced oscillation and resonance.
Waves (4 hours) Waves-classifications- progressive wave- energy of progressive
wave-

superposition of waves-theory of beats- Doppler effect.

Module III
Superconductivity (8 hours)
Super conducting phenomenon- Occurrence- BCS theory (qualitative) Meissner
Effect-Type I and Type II superconductors- Josephson effects (qualitative) - High
temperature superconductors- Applications of Superconductivity
Text Books:
1. Elements of properties of matter, D S Mathur- S Chand
2. Mechanics- D S Mathur- S Chand

3. Solid State Physics- P K Palanisamy- Scitech

References
1. Properties of Matter- Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S. Chand and Co.)
2. A text book on oscillations waves and acoustics, M.Ghosh , D Bhattacharya
3. Solid State Physics- R. K. Puri and V.K. Babbar (S. Chand and Co.)
4. Elementary Solid State Physics,Ali Omar

5. Modern Physics- Murugeshan- S Chand

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Semester III
19U3CPPHY06: MODERN PHYSICS AND MAGNETISM

CO CO Statement

CO1 Understanding Basic features of different atom models

Compute the binding energy of nucleus

CO2

Interprets the theory of radioactivity

CO3

Explain the physical concepts of quantum mechanics

CO4

Summarize the Schrödinger equation (time dependent and time

CO5
independent) for a particle in a potential box.

Discuss about magnetism, different magnetic materials and its

CO6
properties

Module I
Modern Physics (18 hours) Basic features of Bohr atom model-formula for
energy-vector atom model- various quantum numbers- Coupling schemes-LS and
JJ coupling-Pauli’s exclusion principle-magnetic moment of orbital electrons,

Atomic nucleus classification-basic properties of nucleus-charge, mass, spin,

magnetic moment binding energy and packing fraction-nuclear forces-salient
features Radioactivity- properties of alpha, beta and gamma- Soddy Fajan’s
displacement law, law of radioactive disintegration -decay constant-half life and mean
life- radioactive equilibrium - measurement of radioactivity-.Radio carbon dating

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Module II
Quantum Mechanics (12 hours)
Inadequacies of classical physics-experimental evidences-evidences for quantum
theory-Planck’s hypothesis-foundation of quantum mechanics-wave function &
probability density- Schrödinger equation-time dependent and time independent
particle in a potential box.
Spectroscopy (6 hours)
Optical spectra- spectral terms, selection rules, hyperfine structure; molecular spectra-
rotational, vibrational and electronic spectra; Raman effect- experimental study, quantum
theory; fluorescence and phosphorescence; comparison of Raman, fluorescence and IR

spectra; NMR

Module III
Electronics (8 hours)
Current-voltage characteristics of a diode -forward and reverse bias-breakdown
mechanism of p-n junction diode-Zener diode and its characteristics- half wave and full
wave rectifiers- bridge rectifier-ripple factor, efficiency. Construction and operation of a

bipolar junction transistor

Module IV
Magnetism (10 hours)
Properties of magnetic materials, Paramagnetism, Diamagnetism,
Ferromagnetism, Hysteresis, Ferrites, Magnetostriction, Earth’s magnetism-
elements of earth’s magnetism-dip, declination, horizontal and vertical
components-magnetic maps-magnetographs-cause of earth’s magnetism
Text Books:
1. Modern Physics- R. Murugeshan, Er. Kirthiga Sivaprasad . S Chand
2. Principles of electronics, V K Mehta, S Chand

3. Electricity and magnetism, D C Tayal,

References
1. Functional Electronics, Ramanan (Tata McGraw-Hill)

2. Electricity and magnetism - Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam (S. Chand and Co.)

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Semester IV
19U4CPPHY08: OPTICS AND SOLID STATE PHYSICS

CO CO Statement

CO1 Explain the phenomenon of interferenc

Analyze Newton’s ring experiment

CO2

Compute the resolving power of grating

CO3

CO4 Explains the concept of Polarization

State and analyze Brewster’s law

CO5

Explains the e-ray and o-ray

CO6

Describe the different types of lasers, its principle, properties

CO7

Explain about the crystal structure and Bragg‟s law of x-ray diffraction
CO8

Illustrate the theory related to Gauss’s law in dielectrics

CO9

CO10 Illustrate the theory related to Gauss’s law in dielectrics

Describe various Series Circuits at resonance and its significance.

CO11

Module I
Interference, Diffraction and Polarization (22 hours) Light waves- phase difference
and coherence, optical path and phase change, principle of superposition,

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Analytical treatment of interference-- young’s double slit experiment, conditions

for interference, bandwidth Interference in thin films-reflected system-colour of
thin films-fringes of equal inclination and equal thickness. Newton’s rings-reflected
system-measurement of wavelength
Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffractions. Fresnel’s theory of approximate rectilinear
propagation of light. Fraunhofer diffraction. Theory of Plane transmission grating-
determination of wavelength- dispersive power of grating. Prism and grating
spectra, resolving power, Rayleigh criterion, resolving power of grating,
Polarization, types of polarization, Brewster’s law, dichroism, birefringence – e ray

and o-ray, polarizer and analyzer, Malu’s law, optical activity

Module II
Laser and Fiber Optics (10 hours)
Principle of operation of laser-population inversion, metastable states, optical resonator-
components of laser- active medium, pump, optical resonant cavity- principal pumping
schemes- three level and four level- laser beam characteristics, applications of lasers.
Light propagation in optical fibers, acceptance angle, numerical aperture-step index fiber

- graded index fiber.

Module III
Dielectrics (10 hours)
Dielectrics- polar and non-polar dielectrics- polarization- sources of polarization-

Gauss’s law in dielectrics- permittivity- dielectric displacement vector- dielectric

constant-susceptibility- ferro- electricity. Peak, mean, rms and effective values of A.C

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Module IV
Crystallography (12 hours) Crystal structure-crystal lattice and translation vectors-
unit cell-types of lattices- Miller indices- lattice directions and planes interplanar
spacing-simple crystal structures- sc, fcc, bcc, hcp close packed structures- - sodium
chloride structure. X-ray crystallography-diffraction of x-rays-Bragg’s law

Text Books:
1. Optics - Brijlal and N. Subrahmanyam - S Chand-2015
2. Electricity and Magnetism , D C Tayal
3. Solid State Physics, S O Pillai

References:
1. A text book of Applied Physics – A .K Jha
2. Electricity and Magnetism – R. Murugeshan (S Chand & Co.)
3. Solid state physics, P. K Palanisami
4. Lasers – theory & applications- Thyagarajan &Ghatak

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COMPLEMENTARY PHYSICS PRACTICALS

COMPLIMENTARY PHYSICS LAB: Minimum of experiments to be

done in each paper is 14. Minimum number of experiments for
appearing practical examination is 8. Maximum possible number of
repetitions must be done to reduce error in a measuring quantity. Do
calculation of percentage error for all experiments.
The S.I. units must be specified along with the results.

Semester I&II
Complementary Physics Practical 1: (for Maths:19U2PCPHY01 ; for
Chemistry : 19U2PCPHY02)

1. Vernier Calipers -- Volume of cylinder ( solid and hollow), sphere and beaker
2. Screw gauge – Radius of wire, volume of sphere and glass piece
3. Beam balance - Mass of a solid (sensibility method)
4. Spectrometer - Refractive Index of material of prism.
5. Diode characteristics- ac and dc resistance
6. Coefficient of viscosity of the liquid – Constant OR Variable pressure head method

7. Surface Tension – Capillary rise method

8. Determination of Young’s Modulus- Cantilever (Scale and Telescope)
OR - Uniform bending (Optic lever method)
OR- Non-uniform bending (Pin and Microscope method)
9. Acceleration due to gravity (g)- Symmetric Compound Pendulum
OR Kater’s pendulum
10. Symmetric Compound Pendulum - Determination of Radius of gyration and
moment of inertia
11. Fly wheel – Moment of Inertia
12. Torsion pendulum -Rigidity modulus

13.
Determination of moment of inertia of rotationally symmetric body (solid sphere OR
cylinder OR disc) from their period of oscillation on a torsion axle
14. Spring constant - Hooke’s law - oscillation
15. Resistivity of the material of the wire- Ohm’s law and verification by multimeter
16. Construction of half wave rectifier with and without filter – Ripple factor

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17. Laser- Transmission OR Reflection Grating- Determination of wavelength

18. Liquid lens - Refractive Index of glass using a liquid of known refractive index
19. Poisson’s ratio of rubber
20. Temperature dependence of capacitance- polymer and ceramic capacitors
21. Resistance of a galvanometer and its figure of merit.

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Semester III & IV: Complementary Physics Practical 2: (for

Maths:19U4PCPHY03 ; for Chemistry : 19U4PCPHY04)

1. Determination of Young’s Modulus- Cantilever ( Pin & Microscope)

OR Uniform bending (pin and microscope)OR Non-uniform bending ( optic lever)
2. Asymmetric Compound Pendulum- Determination of moment of inertia and
Acceleration due to gravity (g)
3. Torsion pendulum (Equal mass method) - Rigidity modulus and Moment of Inertia
4. Spectrometer – Dispersive power of prism
5. Spectrometer – Dispersive power of a Grating
6. Newton’s rings -Wave length
7. Characteristics of Zener diode- ac and dc resistance
8. Conversion of Galvanometer into voltmeter
9. Carey Foster’s Bridge - Measurement of resistivity
10. Tangent Galvanometer – Ammeter calibration
11. Potentiometer-Calibration of low range ammeter OR voltmeter
12. Construction of full wave rectifier (center-tap OR bridge) with and without filter –
Ripple factor

13. Construction of regulated power supply using Zener diode- line and load regulation
14. Laser diffraction- width of single slit OR thickness of wire
15. Refractive index of liquid- Liquid Lens OR Spectrometer and Hollow Prism
16. Air wedge-thickness of wire
17. Static Torsion - Rigidity modulus
18. Deflection and Vibration Magnetometer-m & Bh
19. Field along the axis of circular coil- determination of Bh
20. Searle’s Vibration Magnetometer - magnetic moment

21. Gates – AND, OR, NOT- verification of truth tables

References
1. Practical Physics – C L Arora- S Chand
2. Properties of Matter -D.S. Mathur
3. Optics -Subrahmanyam& Brijlal
4. Electricity &Magnetism -Sreevastava
5. Electronics Lab Manual (Vol.1) -K. A. Navas
6. Laboratory manual for electronic devices and circuits-David A Bell

7. Practical Physics- Joseph Ittiavirah, Premnath and Abraham

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