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Laser Based Communication System: AECD Project

This document describes a laser-based communication system project. The project aims to transmit audio signals through a laser using amplitude modulation. The system has a transmitter section containing a microphone, amplifier, and laser diode. The receiver section uses a phototransistor to convert the received laser signal back into audio to play through a speaker. The circuit diagram and working principle are provided, along with potential applications of laser communication technologies. Key components of the circuit include an LM386 audio amplifier IC, laser diode, phototransistor, resistors, and capacitors.

Uploaded by

Savanth Chandrasekhar
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
438 views

Laser Based Communication System: AECD Project

This document describes a laser-based communication system project. The project aims to transmit audio signals through a laser using amplitude modulation. The system has a transmitter section containing a microphone, amplifier, and laser diode. The receiver section uses a phototransistor to convert the received laser signal back into audio to play through a speaker. The circuit diagram and working principle are provided, along with potential applications of laser communication technologies. Key components of the circuit include an LM386 audio amplifier IC, laser diode, phototransistor, resistors, and capacitors.

Uploaded by

Savanth Chandrasekhar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Laser Based Communication System

AECD project

Team Members
Vaibhav Sagar (170340013)
Aravind (170340014)
Vinod (170340016)
Savanth (170340003)

Internal Examiner: External Examiner:


Sr. Pages (in Signature of Remarks
Content the Faculty
No. Range)

01 Abstract

02 Analysis

03 Construction

04 Circuit diagram

05 Applications

06 Report
Abstract

Team leader : Vaibhav

Project Name :LASER BASED COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

Description : this project is developed to give a brief explanation of how laser


based communication system works .

Communication is an essential part of our daily life. The project; “Laser Based
Communication Link” allows the people at a distance of around 500 meters to
communicate wirelessly through a laser. Various other laser based project
posted in bestengineeringprojects.com are:-
 (a) Speech Communication using Laser
 (b) Mini Laser Turret
 (c) Laser Voice Transmitter Circuit
Out of which we choose the laser voice transmitter circuit , this project involves
of communication system which may be the upcoming communication system .

Constraints we faced :

1) Understanding the complexity of circuit


2) Reverse engineering the whole process .
Analysis
Laser communication is one of the emerging area of wireless communication system. Due to
its low noise ratio makes its one of the well suited communication medium for exchanging of
information. Laser diode is the major carrier in this mode of communication. This mode of
communication is also faster as compared to the other modes and thus is mostly preferred
over other types of communication system.
In this project we transmitted the audio signal through the laser. This simple laser
communicator consist of Transmitter part and a receiver part. This is done by amplifying the
audio signal and transmitted using laser. At the receiving end the solar cell converts the light
wave into audio wave which is then amplified and sent to the loud speaker. The circuit
consists of an IC LM386 which is commonly called as the audio amplifier, a laser diode,
some variable potentiometers, resistances and capacitors, Battery, a Solar cell and speaker.
Construction
 The construction of this project is very much simple. There are two
sections; transmitter and receiver section. As shown in the figure 1, a
condenser microphone transistor amplifier BC548 (T1) followed by an
op-amp stage built around μA741 (IC1) completes the transmitter portion.
A potentiometer (1Mega-ohm) VR1 is used to adjust the gain of the op-
amp as required in the project.

 Another transistor BD139 (T2) takes the output from IC1 as the input
signal through the base and then produces the modulated laser beam
signal at its output terminal.

 The transmitter circuit should be powered by a 9V supply, however we


can directly connect the laser torch (3V) to the emitter terminal of the
transistor T2 after removing the battery. Similarly, the spring-loaded lead
projected from inside the torch can be grounded.

 Talking about the other half of the project, which is a receiving portion, it
comprises a photo sensitive transistor; T3. The laser beam passed from
the transmitter laser torch is received by T3 It produces a signal in
correspondence to the light signal received from the LED transmitter
circuit.

 Hence, the signal is demodulated and received at this end. Capacitor C5


couples the demodulated signal to transistor T4 and T5 which produce the
amplified version of the received signal. And, then the signal is coupled
through C8 to VR2. Potentiometer VR2 is employed to adjust the volume
level of the signal for IC2. In IC2, the signal is again amplified and it
drives the speaker; LS1.

 Take necessary precautions like placing the photo-transistor away from


the AC light sources like bulbs to eliminate the risk of developing hum
noise in the speaker. The sun ray shouldn’t fall directly on the sensor, but
reflected sunlight does no harm to the circuit

 sun ray shouldn’t fall directly on the sensor, but the reflected sunlight
does no harm to the circuit.
Circuit Diagram
Applications

Laser Defense systems established across the world can detect enemy
ships and missiles while at the same time disabling them.

 Laser communication systems on airport runways can send signals back


to headquarters letting officers know when and what planes have landed. 


Laser communications have been utilized for mass communications
including telephone conversations and even television channels.

 Nasa has created lots of different technologies which include laser


communications. One recent NASA accomplishment was a successful
exchange of laser pulses with the MESSENGER spacecraft and an Earth-
based observatory which set a new record for laser transmission in space. 

 NASA has also developed Satellite-to-Satellite communications using


laser communications. 
Report
Introduction

Laser is one of the mode of wireless system. It also plays a major role in
communication system. We can transmit the audio signal through lasers. This works on the
principle that “The audio signal from a microphone varies the power feeding the laser, so that
its brightness changes, following the shape of the original sound wave. At the receiving end,
a solar cell or photo-resistor converts the oscillating light signal back into the original sound”.
Using this principle we can send any audio signal through laser.

Principle
Laser Communication System works on the principle of “Amplitude Modulation” process. In
this the amplitude of the carrier is varied according to the instantaneous amplitude of the
modulating signal (Input Signal).
Here, “Carrier Signal refers to Laser Beam” and “Amplitude refers to Intensity of
Laser Beam” and “Input Signal refers to audio signal”
Hence, the intensity of the laser beam is varied according to the instantaneous value
of audio signal and the same is sensed by the optical sensor at the receiver.

IC LM386:-
In this circuit we are using IC LM386, which is known as audio amplifier used in
many audio circuit due to its small size and minimum cost. This IC has 8 pins.
Laser diode

The most common laser diode generates semiconductor or injection laser. In these
lasers, a population of Inversion Electrons is produced by applying a voltage across its p-n
junction. Laser beam is then available from the semiconductor region. The p-n junction of
laser diode has polished ends so that, the emitted photons reflect back and forth and creates
more electron-hole pairs. The photons thus generated will be in phase with the previous
photons. This will give a Pencil Beam and all the photons in the beam are Coherent and in
phase.
Components used :
Resistors (all ¼-watt, ± 5% Carbon)
R1, R3 = 8.2 KΩ
R2 = 1.8 KΩ
R4 = 10 KΩ
R5, R6 = 15 KΩ
R7 = 82 Ω
R8 = 6.8 KΩ
R9 = 4.7 KΩ
R10 = 470 KΩ
R11, R12 = 2.2 KΩ
R13 = 1 KΩ
R14 = 10 Ω
VR1 = 1 MΩ
VR2 = 10 KΩ
Capacitors
C1, C8 = 1 μF, 16V (Electrolytic Capacitor)
C2, C7, C13 = 0.1 μF (Ceramic Capacitor)
C3 = 470 μF, 16V (Electrolytic Capacitor)
C4 = 1000 μF, 16V (Electrolytic Capacitor)
C5 = 0.01 μF (Ceramic Capacitor)
C6 = 47 pF (Ceramic Capacitor)
C9, C12 = 100 μF, 16V (Electrolytic Capacitor)
C10 = 10 μF, 16V (Electrolytic Capacitor)
C11 = 470 μF, 16V (Electrolytic Capacitor)
Semiconductors
IC1 = LM741 (Operational Amplifier IC)
IC2 = LM386 (low power Audio Amplifier)
T1 = BC548 (General-Purpose NPN Bipolar Junction Transistor)
T2 = BD139 (Complementary Low Voltage Transistor)
T3 = 2N5777 or L14F1 (Photo Transistor)
T4, T5 = BC549 (General-Purpose NPN Bipolar Junction Transistor)
LED1 = 3 Volts Laser Torch
Miscellaneous
MIC1 = Condenser Microphone
LS1 = 0.5W, 8Ω Speaker

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