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Test No.2 Potential of Hydrogen (PH) Aim of The Test:: Sanitary Laboratory

This document describes a test to measure the pH of water to determine if it is acidic or alkaline and suitable for drinking. pH is measured on a scale from 0-14, with values below 7 being acidic and above 7 being alkaline. The pH can be measured electrometrically using a pH meter, which is the most accurate method, or colorimetrically by comparing the color of an indicator solution to known pH buffer solutions. Standards indicate natural water for drinking should have a pH between 6.5-8.5, water sources between 6.5-8.5, and wastewater discharged to sources or sewers between 6-9.5.

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Mahmood Younis
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139 views2 pages

Test No.2 Potential of Hydrogen (PH) Aim of The Test:: Sanitary Laboratory

This document describes a test to measure the pH of water to determine if it is acidic or alkaline and suitable for drinking. pH is measured on a scale from 0-14, with values below 7 being acidic and above 7 being alkaline. The pH can be measured electrometrically using a pH meter, which is the most accurate method, or colorimetrically by comparing the color of an indicator solution to known pH buffer solutions. Standards indicate natural water for drinking should have a pH between 6.5-8.5, water sources between 6.5-8.5, and wastewater discharged to sources or sewers between 6-9.5.

Uploaded by

Mahmood Younis
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Sanitary laboratory

Test No.2
Potential of Hydrogen (pH)

Aim of the test: is to know the amount of pH for water to describe if it


is acidic or alkaline, also to know if the tested water is drinkable or not
according to the standards.

The theory
pH is important in every phase of environmental engineering practice
and civil engineer. pH is negative logarithm of hydrogen ion
concentration, at a given temperature the acidic or basic character of a
solution is indicated by pH or hydrogen ion activity. The scale of pH is
ranging from 0 to 14 with pH equal to 7 at 25°C designating absolute
neutrally, pH less than 7 is acidic solution while pH more than 7 is a basic
solution.

𝟏
𝒑𝑯 = − 𝐥𝐨𝐠(𝑯+ ) 𝒐𝒓 𝒑𝑯 = 𝐥𝐨𝐠
(𝑯+ )

Methods of measurement
pH value can be determined either electrometrically or colorimetrically,
the electrometric method is more accurate and requires special
apparatuses.

1- Electrometric method of pH:


The basic principle of electrometric pH measurement is determination of
the activity of hydrogen ion by potentiometric measurement using a
glass electrode. pH meter contains a glass electrode which generates a
potential varying linearly with pH of the solution in which immersed,
where changing in pH 1 unit generates an electrical change with an
amount of 1/59 mv at 25 °C. The electrometric method is suitable to
measure pH of drinking water, surface water, brackish and sewage
industrial wastewater.

1
Sanitary laboratory

2- Colorimetric method:
Involves comparing the standard color corresponding to a known pH
with the color of an indicator immersed in the test liquid using buffer
solution and this method is almost approximately. Table 1 below shows
some indicators with their pH values.

Table 1 some indicators of pH


The indicator Color of pH color pH
indicator
Finolephthaline Non color 8.4 Red 10
Blue thaimole Yellow 8 Blue 9.6
Litmos Red 5 Blue 8
Red methel Red 4.4 Yellow 6
Orange methel Red 2.8 Yellow 4.6
Bromofenole Yellow 2.8 Blue 4.6
blue

Procedure of pH meter
1) calibration the electrode with buffer solution (is a solution with known
value of pH offering resistance to change in pH).
2) Prepare sample of water whose pH is to be determined.
3) Immerse the electrode in to a sample of water and Waite up to one
minute for steady reading.
4) Wash the electrode carefully with distilled water.

The standards
Iraqi and EPA standards for pH value are:

5) For natural water (drinkable) the value of pH is (6.5-8.5).


6) In water sources the value of pH should be (6.5-8.5).
7) For Wastewater discharged to (water sources and to common sewages),
the value of pH is (6- 9.5).

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