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University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg: Hrs / /20 Exams Office Use Only

This document contains information about an examination for the course ELEN3024 Communication Fundamentals to be held in September 2012 at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. The examination will be one hour and candidates are required to answer all questions. No special materials are required. The paper contains 4 questions testing various topics related to communication fundamentals, including block diagrams, mathematical expressions for signals, analysis of FM modulation, and specifications for a superheterodyne FM receiver.

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47 views6 pages

University of The Witwatersrand, Johannesburg: Hrs / /20 Exams Office Use Only

This document contains information about an examination for the course ELEN3024 Communication Fundamentals to be held in September 2012 at the University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg. The examination will be one hour and candidates are required to answer all questions. No special materials are required. The paper contains 4 questions testing various topics related to communication fundamentals, including block diagrams, mathematical expressions for signals, analysis of FM modulation, and specifications for a superheterodyne FM receiver.

Uploaded by

Mnsh
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 6

Exams Office

hrs / /20
Use Only

University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg

Course or topic No(s) ELEN3024

Course or topic name(s) Communication Fundamentals


Paper Number & title

Examination/Test∗ to be
held during month(s) of September 2012
∗
( delete as applicable)

Year of Study Third


(Art & Sciences leave blank)

Degrees/Diplomas for which


this course is prescribed
(BSc (Eng) should indicate which branch) B.Sc (Eng) Elec.

Faculty/ies presenting Engineering


candidates

Internal examiners
and telephone
number(s) Dr. D.J.J. Versfeld x7212

External examiner(s) Dr. K. Ouahada

Special materials required


(graph/music/drawing paper)
maps, diagrams, tables, None
computer cards, etc)

Time allowance Course


Nos
ELEN3024 Hours One

Instructions to candidates
(Examiners may wish to use
Answer ALL questions.
this space to indicate, inter alia,
Type ‘2’ Examination - Written A4 permitted.
the contribution made by this
Show all working.
examination or test towards
the year mark, if appropriate)

Internal Examiners or Heads of Department are requested to sign the


declaration overleaf
ELEN3024– Communication Fundamentals (3 pages—page 2)

1. As the Internal Examiner/Head of Department, I certify that this question paper is in


final form, as approved by the External Examiner, and is ready for reproduction.

2. As the Internal Examiner/Head of Department, I certify that this question paper is in


final form and is ready for reproduction.

(1. is applicable to formal examinations as approved by an external examiner, while


2. is applicable to formal tests not requiring approval by an external examiner—Delete
whichever is not applicable)

Name: Signature:

(THIS PAGE NOT FOR REPRODUCTION)


ELEN3024– Communication Fundamentals (3 pages—page 1)

Note: Show all workings, complete with the necessary comments. Marks will be
allocated for all working and logical reasoning and not just for the correct
answer.

Question 1

Refer to Fig. 1. Assume that the input signal is r(t) = Ac (1+a·Am cos(2πfm t)) cos(2πfc t).

a.) Show how the circuit can be modelled using a block diagram, given that the switch
is closed. Indicate all relevant components.
( 5 marks)
b.) Give a mathematical expression for m(t) when the switch is open. (You do not have
to simplify the equation.)
( 3 marks)
c.) Give a mathematical expression for m(t) when the switch is closed.
( 4 marks)
d.) Explain the significance of the signal m(t) when the switch is closed.
( 3 marks)

r(t) C R m(t)

Figure 1: Receiver

( Total 15 marks)

Question 2

Using Euler’s formula (eix = cos x + i sin x), show that


1
cos x cos y = [cos(x + y) + cos(x − y)] .
2
( Total 5 marks)
ELEN3024– Communication Fundamentals (3 pages—page 2)

Question 3

The modulating signal into an FM modulator is

m(t) = 4.36 cos 16πt.

The output of the FM modulator is


 Z t 
u(t) = 10 cos 4000πt + 2πkf m(τ )dτ ,
−∞

where kf = 10.

(a) Determine and sketch the output spectrum showing the relative amplitudes of the
side frequencies.

( 5 marks)

(b) Determine the bandwidth.

( 2 marks)

(c) Determine the approximate minimum bandwidth using Carsons rule.

( 2 marks)

(d) Derive a general expression depicting the composite wave consisting of the various
frequency components. (Your equation must show all significant frequency compo-
nents.)

( 3 marks)

(e) If the output of the FM modulator is passed through an ideal bandpass filter centered
at fc = 2000 Hz with a bandwidth of 66 Hz, determine the power of the frequency
components at the output of the filter. What percentage of the transmitter power
appears at the output of the bandpass filter?

( 5 marks)

(f) Determine the maximum frequency-deviation for the system.

( 2 marks)

(g) What is the effect on the bandwidth of the output signal u(t), if both the amplitude
Am and frequency fm of the message m(t) are doubled?

( 1 marks)

( Total 20 marks)
ELEN3024– Communication Fundamentals (3 pages—page 3)

Question 4

A superheterodyne FM receiver operates in the frequency range of 88 - 108 MHz. The


intermediate frequency (fIF ) and local oscillator frequencies (fLO ) are chosen such that
fIF < fLO . We require that the image frequency fc0 fall outside of the 88 - 108 MHz
region. Determine the minimum required fIF and the range of variations in fLO ?

( Total 5 marks)

( Test Total 45 marks)

test˙2012.TEX September 18, 2012


Table 1: Bessel functions of the first kind, Jn (m)
β J0 J1 J2 J3 J4 J5 J6 J7 J8 J9 J10 J11 J12 J13 J14
0.00 1.00
0.25 0.98 0.12
0.5 0.94 0.24 0.03
1.0 0.77 0.44 0.11 0.02
1.5 0.51 0.56 0.23 0.06 0.01
2.0 0.22 0.58 0.35 0.13 0.03
2.4 0 0.52 0.43 0.20 0.06 0.02
ELEN3024– Communication Fundamentals

2.5 -0.05 0.50 0.45 0.22 0.07 0.02 0.01


3.0 -0.26 0.34 0.49 0.31 0.13 0.04 0.01
4.0 -0.40 -0.07 0.36 0.43 0.28 0.13 0.05 0.02
5.0 -0.18 -0.33 0.05 0.36 0.39 0.26 0.13 0.05 0.02
5.45 0 -0.34 -0.12 0.26 0.40 0.32 0.19 0.09 0.03 0.01
6.0 0.15 -0.28 -0.24 0.11 0.36 0.36 0.25 0.13 0.06 0.02
7.0 0.30 0.00 -0.30 -0.17 0.16 0.35 0.34 0.23 0.13 0.06 0.02
8.0 0.17 0.23 -0.11 -0.29 -0.10 0.19 0.34 0.32 0.22 0.13 0.06 0.03
8.65 0 0.27 0.06 -0.24 -0.23 0.03 0.26 0.34 0.28 0.18 0.10 0.05 0.02
9.0 -0.09 0.25 0.14 -0.18 -0.27 -0.06 0.20 0.33 0.31 0.21 0.12 0.06 0.03 0.01
10.0 -0.25 0.05 0.25 0.06 -0.22 -0.23 -0.01 0.22 0.32 0.29 0.21 0.12 0.06 0.03 0.01
(3 pages—page 4)

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