EXCEL REVIEW CENTER ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING

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Parallel AC Circuits Total admittance, Y

POWER TRIANGLE
continuation….
Y = G + jBC − jBL = Y 
When dealing with series AC circuits, use the Reactive
current phasor as the reference phasor since
Y = G 2 + ( BC − B L )
2 Power
the same current flows through all the (kVAR)
components. The phasor sum of the various ( BC − BL ) Power factor angle θ Q
voltage drops is equal to the applied voltage.  =  tan -1
G Real Power (kW) P
Parallel RC Circuit P
1 Cos  = = Power Factor (PF)
IT Total impedance, Z Z= S
Y Q
IR IC Sin  = = Reactive Factor (RF)
S
Total voltage, VT VT = IT Z
Excel Review Center S = P  jQ = S 
VT R C Q
S = P2 + Q2  =  tan -1
P
Excel Review Center

Total current, IT True/Real/Average/ Active Power Other Alternating Waveforms

It is the component of apparent power
Symmetrical trapezoid
IT = I R + jIC = IT  that represents true work. It is
expressed in watts (W) and is equal to
voltamperes multiplied by the power
VP a + 0.577(b-a)
IT = I R 2 + IC 2 a Vrms = Vp
factor. b
IC a+b
 = tan -1 b Vavg = Vp
IR P = IR 2 R 2b
P = IR VR
Total admittance, Y VR 2 P = VT IT cos
P= DC Pulse
R
Y = G + jBC = Y 
Note: cos  = Power Factor (PF) VP a
Y = G 2 + BC 2 Vrms = VP
b
BC Reactive Power
 = tan -1 It is the power value obtained by a Vavg = VP
a
G multiplying together the effective b b
value of current in amperes, the
1 effective value of voltage in volts and
Total impedance, Z Z=  Triangular or Sawtooth
Y the sine of the angular phase
difference between current and VP
voltage. Also called reactive Vrms = 0.577VP
Total voltage, VT VT = IT Z
voltamperes and wattless power. It is
Vavg = 0.500VP
expressed in volt-ampere-reactive
Parallel RLC Circuit Excel Review Center (VAR).
IT
IR IL IC VX 2 Sine Wave on DC Level
Q=I X X eq = =I X VX =VT I T sinθ
X eq VP
VT R L C VP 2
Notes:
VDC Vrms = VDC2 +
2
Ix is net reactive current (Ic - IL).
Vx is net reactive voltage (VL - VC).
Total current, IT
Xeq is equivalent reactance (XL - XC). Square Wave
Sin  = Reactive Factor
IT = I R + jIC − jI L = IT  VP
Apparent Power Vrms = VP
I R + ( IC − I L )
2
IT = 2
It is the power value obtained by Vavg = VP
multiplying the effective values of
-1 ( I C − I L ) voltage and current. It is expressed in
 =  tan
IR voltamperes (VA). White Noise

continue VT 2 VP 1
S = IT 2 Z = = VT IT Vrms  VP
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