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    Layer of Protection (Lop)

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    FN BMP
    The document describes a flash drum system used to separate multiple mixtures into products. As a process safety engineer, a HAZOP study is required on the V-40 flash drum, focusing on the parameters of level and pressure using the guide words less and more. Suggesting possible causes, consequences, and actions for each guide word can help increase evaporation and yield higher quality products safely. The flash drum uses steam to vaporize components at a certain pressure and temperature, separating them into vapor and liquid phases based on their boiling points.

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    Layer of Protection (Lop)

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    The document describes a flash drum system used to separate multiple mixtures into products. As a process safety engineer, a HAZOP study is required on the V-40 flash drum, focusing on the parameters of level and pressure using the guide words less and more. Suggesting possible causes, consequences, and actions for each guide word can help increase evaporation and yield higher quality products safely. The flash drum uses steam to vaporize components at a certain pressure and temperature, separating them into vapor and liquid phases based on their boiling points.

    Original Title

    Lecture 2 - 11 April 2021

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    The document describes a flash drum system used to separate multiple mixtures into products. As a process safety engineer, a HAZOP study is required on the V-40 flash drum, focusing on the parameters of level and pressure using the guide words less and more. Suggesting possible causes, consequences, and actions for each guide word can help increase evaporation and yield higher quality products safely. The flash drum uses steam to vaporize components at a certain pressure and temperature, separating them into vapor and liquid phases based on their boiling points.

    Copyright:

    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    56 views3 pages

    Layer of Protection (Lop)

    Uploaded by

    FN BMP
    The document describes a flash drum system used to separate multiple mixtures into products. As a process safety engineer, a HAZOP study is required on the V-40 flash drum, focusing on the parameters of level and pressure using the guide words less and more. Suggesting possible causes, consequences, and actions for each guide word can help increase evaporation and yield higher quality products safely. The flash drum uses steam to vaporize components at a certain pressure and temperature, separating them into vapor and liquid phases based on their boiling points.

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as docx, pdf, or txt
    of 3

    LAYER OF PROTECTION (LOP)

    Consider the following flash drum system shown in FIGURE Q1. The purpose of the V-40 flash drum is to separate
    multiple mixture of mostly A and B plus some other heavy components to produce main products leaving the top at
    90 mol% of A. Steam at 5 bar is used to bring the temperature at the desired saturation temperature. As a process
    safety engineer, you a required to perform a HAZOP study on the V-40 by focusing on the process parameters of
    LEVEL and PRESSURE, using the guide words of LESS and MORE. Suggest all possible causes, consequences and
    actions for each guide word.

    In order to get more evaporation in flashdrum pressure should be less and level should be also less. As less pressure
    gives low boiling pont and more evaporation. Which give High quality rate product

    Process Fluid (Feed) – Liquid stream containing several components is partially vaporised in a ”flash drum” at a
    certain pressure and temperature. This result in two phases: a vapor phase, enriched in the more volatile
    components, and a liquid phase, enriched in the less volatile components. Top  Low boiling point, Bottom  High
    boiling point

    Steam –

    V40 –

    E-20 –

    E-30 –

    Layer Name Type Example


    1 Basic Process Control System (BPCS)

    2 Alarm
    3 Safety Interlock System (SIS)  Emergency shutdown system
     Automatic action to stop part of (ESS)
    the plant operation to achieve  Interlocks
    safe conditions  L
    4 Safety Relief System (SRS) Mechanical – Does not rely  Rupture disk/Burst diaphragm
     Self-actuating  Valve will close on external power and  Pressure relieve valve (PRV)
    when pressure return to electricity. Automatic
    acceptable value action as it does not
     Relief valve  Liquid system require operator
     Safety valve  Gas and vapor interference
    including steam
     Safety relief valve  Liquid and
    vapor system
    5 Containment
    6 Emergency Response

    Recording Prof AA

    PV=nRT – Ideal gas law (Pressure is directly proportional to temperature)

    Thermodynamics – When material in an enclosed vessel, an adjustment of pressure will affect the condition. Pada
    keadaan saturated liquid, if we increase temp., it will vaporize. But if we not increase temp, but reduce pressure, the
    material still vaporize.

    When material masuk ke dalam vessel, it will flash (tersebar) dan pressure V40 < FCV7 dan some vapor will be
    produced.

    V40 – Flash evaporation/separation process to separate material A & B (Benzen to top (low bp), Toluene to bottom
    (high bp))

    E20 –

    E30 – Utility heat exchanger (e.g. using steam/hot water/hot oil/flu gas)

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