Circulatory and Respiratory System Working with Other Organ System

Lesson 5. How the  different Organs of

 
Respiration Work with the Circulatory
 
System
 MEMORY VERSE:

“Trust in the Lord with all your heart and lean not on your own understanding; 6 in all your
ways submit to him, and he will make your paths straight.”
Proverbs 3:5-6

MEET YOUR TARGET

At the end of this lesson, you will be able to:

· Identify and describe the part of the respiratory system.

· Explain how the respiratory and circulatory systems work together to transport nutrients,
gases, and molecules to and from the different parts of the body.
· Infer how one’s lifestyle can affect the functioning of the respiratory and circulatory
system.

 
VENTURE! 
How Do You Breathe?

 
 
Put your hand below your chest and take a deep breath three times.
 
1. What changes in your chest cavity do you observe when you inhale?
2. What changes in your chest cavity do you observe when you exhale?
 CHAT WITH THE EXPERT

The primary function to the respiratory system is to supply the blood with oxygen
and to deliver oxygen-rich blood to all parts of the body. The first step that will supply the
blood with oxygen is the process of breathing.

Breathing is the process of drawing air into the lungs (inhalation) and its
corresponding expulsion (exhalation). Inhalation and exhalation are the two phases of
breathing. During inhalation, oxygen enters the lungs and during exhalation, carbon dioxide
exits the lungs. The respiratory system includes many different organs that work together for
gas exchange to take place.

Nose is the gateway of the respiratory system. Air (particularly oxygen) enters the
body via the nose. The nasal cavity is lined with the tiny hairs called cilia and the mucous
membranes that secrete a sticky fluid that moisten and warm the air that is breathed and
trap dirt and other particles.

Pharynx and throat is the narrow space located

right after the mouth and nose. The part of the pharynx that
is related to the respiration is called nasopharynx.

Larynx or voice box is the organ that connects the

pharynx and the trachea. It contains the vocal chords that
produce sounds when
vibrated by air.

Trachea, Bronchi, Figure 1.14. The Bronchial

and Bronchioles, these tree and bronchial
are the air conducting
structures. The trachea is
the narrow and cylindrical tube about 5 inches long
located right after the larynx. It is composed of rings of
cartilage and is lined with the mucous membrane. The
trachea functions as the passageway for air going in and
out of the lungs.

   
Figure 1.15The Larynx and Trachea
 The trachea split into two small tubes called bronchi. The first division of the trachea
is the primary bronchi, each of which inserts into the lungs. Each bronchus then divides and
subdivides forming the bronchial tree of the lungs. The smallest subdivisions that are less
than 1mm in diameter and which lack cartilage tissue are the bronchioles. There are about
30,000 bronchioles in each lung. At distal end of the bronchiole are the air sacs.

The air sacs

The air sacs look like bunches of grapes. The air sac is considered the functioning system of
the lungs.

Each sac is composed of several microscopic

out pocketing called alveoli. Capillaries surround the
alveoli. The inhaled oxygen passes into the alveoli
and then diffuses through the capillaries.

The waste-rich blood from the veins releases its

carbon dioxide into the alveoli and then exits the
lungs during exhalation. An average adult lung
contains about 500 million air sacs.

   The Lungs

   The lungs are

Figure 1.16 Air sacs look the cone shape
like bunches of grapes organs of the
respiration in humans.
Humans have two
lungs that is completely fill the spaces of the chest cavity and
are surrounded by a rib cage.

The lungs are covered with a two layered membrane

called pleura. On the inner surface of the lungs are slit like
opening called hilum where each primary bronchus inserts.

  Figure 1.17 The

Human lungs
 

The Diaphragm

The diaphragm is a sheet of smooth muscles located below the lungs. It works with
the lungs during the breathing process.

The Breathing Process

During breathing, the diaphragm, abdominal muscles, and intercostal muscles play
important roles. The intercostal muscles are the muscles that are connected to the ribs. The
breathing process has two phases: inhalation phase and exhalation phase.

Inhalation Phase

During the inhalation phase, the

diaphragm contracts. A contracted
diaphragm is flat in position. Then the
intercostal muscles contract. The
contraction causes the rib cage to move
upward and outward. The volume of the
thoracic cavity becomes larger than it
was before. This is followed by the
expansion of the lungs. This makes air
pressure within the alveoli (called
intrapulmonic pressure) lesser than
atmospheric pressure (air pressure
outside the lungs). Consequently, the air
naturally flows from outside the body into
the respiratory passages and into the alveoli.

Figure 1.18 The diaphragmatic illustration of the breathing process

Exhalation Phase

During the exhalation phase, the diaphragm relaxes, that is, resuming its domes-
shape position. The intercostal muscles likewise relax, and the rib cage moves down and in.,
thus, the volume of the thoracic cavity decreases, the lungs recoil or deflate. This makes the
air pressure within the alveoli (called intrapulmonic pressure) to increase above atmospheric
pressure. Consequently, air naturally flows from the inside of the body to the outside.
APPLY THE CONCEPTS
Activity 8

Common Diseases of Respiratory and Circulatory System

Objective:

To identify common diseases of respiratory and circulatory system

Let’s begin by knowing the important players in this topic. In the KWL chart
below, fill in the K, W and L column with what you already know, what you want to
know about common disease of respiratory and circulatory system and what you
have learned about the lesson.

Common Diseases of Respiratory and Circulatory System

Things that I KNOW Things that I WANT TO Things that I have

Asthma KNOW LEARNED
Heart Attach
Tuberculosis
Stroke
Influenza
Hypertension

A. Respiratory Diseases
1. _______________
2. _______________
3. _______________

B. Circulatory Diseases
1. _______________
2. _______________
3. _____________

The oxygen from the air that we breathe enters the lungs, passes on to the blood
steam via the capillaries in the air sacs and distributed to all the cells in the body. In the
cells, the oxygen goes to the mitochondria of the cell to use it in releasing energy from
glucose. This process is called cellular respiration that we discussed in the previous
chapter.

Exchange of Gases Between the Lungs and the Blood

The actual exchange of gases occurs between the blood and the alveoli. Alveoli are
the tiny out pocketing of the air sacs in the lungs. Each of these alveoli is covered with mesh
of tiny blood vessels called capillaries.

The wall of the alveolus and the wall of the capillary are both one-cell thick and this
structure allows the exchange of gases to happen between the blood and the lungs.

From the thin walls of the alveoli, oxygen diffuses to the walls of the surrounding capillaries.
Once oxygen has entered the capillaries, it is taken up by the red blood cells. Hemoglobin,
the pigment associated with the red blood cells, facilitates the movement of oxygen from
alveoli to the blood cells.

The red blood cells also release carbon dioxide into lungs. Carbon dioxide diffuses from the
red blood cells out to the capillary walls and into the walls of the alveoli, a path that is
reverse to the path that oxygen follows.

Thus, circulatory systems ensure a constant supply of nutrients and oxygen to the
and from the cells via the blood, which is the transporting medium for the removal of wastes
from them. The them same time, the respiratory system ensures constant supply of oxygen
and the removal of carbon dioxide between the blood and lungs. The oxygen it supplies to
the cells is used by the cells to release energy from food so they can perform various life
activities that will continue life to exist.

Respiratory disease that affect your airways and lungs caused by infection,
smoking cigarettes or by breathing in second hand cigarette smoke, or other forces
of air pollution.

There are diseases associated with the respiratory system. Some of these are
discussed below.
Pneumonia is an infection of the alveoli caused by many kinds of bacteria and
viruses. Tissue fluids accumulate in the alveoli reducing the surface area exposed to air. If
enough alveoli are affected, the patient may need supplemental oxygen.

Asthma is the constriction of the bronchi and bronchioles that makes breathing
difficult. Airborne irritants to which the person is allergic can trigger it.

Emphysema is a disorder I which the delicate walls of the alveoli breaks down,
reducing the gas-exchange area of the lungs. The gradual loss of gas-exchange areas
forces the heart to work harder in order to satisfy the body’s needs for oxygen. The added
strain can lead to heart failure.

Thrombosis is a condition where the blood in an unbroken blood vessel clots easily.
This can lead to a stroke or heart attack.

Conversely, if the blood takes too long to clot, the condition is called hemorrhage. In
this case, too much blood may be lost from the body. Hemorrhage can be brought about by
deficiency in a calcium or by a genetic condition called hemophilia, a genetic disorder in
which the blood does not clot on its own without the help of medical intervention.

Atherosclerosis is a condition in which the arterial wall thickens as the result of a

build-up of fatty material such as cholesterol—a low-density lipoprotein. It is commonly
referred to as the hardening or furring of the arteries.

Hypertension, more commonly known as high blood pressure occurs when blood
pressure remains consistently high. Hypertension is the major cause of stroke but can also
cause damage to the kidneys, coronary arteries, and eyes.

Common Cold – is among the most common respiratory disease. This is a disease
affecting the upper respiratory tract (nose and throat). It is transmitted by virus infected
airborne droplets or by direct contact with infected secretions.

Influenza – is commonly called the flu. It is caused by the influenza virus that
attacks your throat, nose and lungs. It is a highly contagious disease and can spread directly
through air droplets when people with flu sneeze, cough or talk and spread indirectly with
objects contaminated with virus.

Bronchitis - is the inflammation or swelling of bronchial tube lining. Person with

bronchitis may experience breathing difficulty because of the mucus or phlegm forms in the
airways obstructing the flow of oxygen into the lungs.
 Tuberculosis (TB) – is a bacterial infections of the lungs caused by mycobacterium
tuberculosis, which is an airborne disease that can spread from person to person through
respiratory droplets via coughing and sneezing. This may cause death if not treated early
and properly.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) - is a serious global infectious disease

caused by a new strain of coronavirus that infect both people and animals. The virus passes
through the nose, sinuses, and throat and reached the lungs. It can spread the same way
with other coronaviruses mainly through person-to-person contact by respiratory droplets
and through contact with contaminated objects.

Lifestyles and Harmful Substances that can Affect the functioning of the
Circulatory and Respiratory systems

Any disease that involves the heart or blood vessels is considered heart disease.
According to the Dept. of Health, cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in the
Philippines. Survey shows that the reason is because society’s lifestyle has changed a lot
over the years. Many factors can be the cause of this disease—diet, cigarette smoking,
alcohol consumption, and stress or a combination of some or all of these. However, not only
these factors caused heart problems. It has also been observed that a big population of
aging men

and women has become sedentary and being sedentary is also considered a culprit.

  Cigarette smoking causes respiratory

problems like coughing and wheezing and can
lead to lung disease like bronchitis,
emphysema, pneumonia, and cancer.
Respiratory problems arise because cigarettes
contain tar and nicotine that make the gaseous
exchange process inefficient.

Tar deposits clog up the alveoli and

nicotine cause the constriction of the blood
vessels in the lungs slowing down the flow of
the blood in the lungs. In pregnant women,
nicotine impacts the health of unborn child and
cause infertility and premature birth.
Figure 1.19 The man smoking

Cigarette smoking also damages the arteries in the body and can lead to heart
disease. According to the DOH, smoking increases the risk of dying of a heart attack by 50%

Ongoing stress has a negative effect on your cardiovascular system because it

increases resting heart rate (diastole) and raises blood pressure.

Sedentary lifestyle is a type of lifestyle with no irregular physical activities. A lack of

physical activity is one of the leading causes of cardiovascular disease. It can result in
gaining weight as calories are not burnt off due to inactivity.
 Heavy alcohol consumption can cause short– and long-term effects on the
cardiovascular system. Short-term effect happens because the effects cease or stop the
moment alcohol is eliminated from the body.

Short-term effects include slower pulse rate, difficulty in breathing, and lower blood
pressure. Long-term effects like persistent high blood pressure, cardiac muscle deterioration
(cardiomyopathy), anemia, and strokes are experienced due to prolonged exposure to
alcohol or alcohol abuse. These long-term effects are irreversible, and, in time, can cause
serious health problems that require hospitalization.

Prevention on both respiratory and circulatory disease is always better than their
treatment. Diseases of both respiratory and circulatory system should not be taken for
granted because they can be deadly. With the right treatment of these diseases it can saved
the patients’ lives.

The following are some ways to prevent respiratory and circulatory diseases:

1. Good nutrition, good sleep and rest enhances your immune system that helps the
body to resist infections. And avoid eating high cholesterol and fatty foods.

2. Do not smoke. Cigarettes contain harmful substances that can be fatal to your body.

3. Exercise regularly. It improves the health of your lungs and heart.

4. Observe strict personal hygiene. Always keep your body clean because it will reduce
the risk of catching any diseases.

5. Avoid crowds. Avoid direct contact with person suffering from respiratory diseases. To
avoid contamination it is very important to take all the necessary precautions.
 Figure 1.20 Regular exercise is good for your
heart and lungs

Being healthy is all about eating the

right food, engaging regular aerobics exercises, giving your body a complete rest, and

Studies have shown that regular exercise, at least three times a week—each session
lasting for 30 minutes—can make the heart muscles strong and provide long-term effects on
the respiratory system. Walking, jogging, swimming, cycling, hiking, and dancing are some
examples of aerobic exercise that you can choose from. Regular exercise has short- and
long-term effects on the respiratory system. The short– short effect includes breathing
quickly and deeply, thereby, taking in large volumes of air. The long-term effect of regular
exercise includes muscles around your chest cavity become stronger and your chest cavity
larger.

As a result, more air enters the lungs and the exchange of gases between the lungs
and the blood becomes more efficient.

Our secular culture encourages us to follow our heart, or that sometimes we need to
get away to seek the truth in our hearts. However, this is not good advice because our hearts
can easily deceive us. Instead of following or trusting our hearts, we should trust in the Lord
and follow Him. 

APPLY THE CONCEPTS

Activity 8

 Complete the graphic organizer (Frayer Model). Fill in the four examples from the topic using key
terms as well as your own words.
 

How do the circulatory and

respiratory systems work
together in the human
body?

Activity 9

Write the term that is being described below to complete the sentence. Choose
the correct word inside the box.
Hypertension Bronchitis Heart Attack Asthma Covid -19
Atherosclerosis Tuberculosis Pneumonia Influenza Common Cold
_________1.is the inflammation or swelling of bronchial tube lining.

_________2. is caused by a virus that attacks your throat, nose and lungs. It is a highly
contagious disease and can spread directly through air droplets and spread indirectly
with objects contaminated with virus.

_________3. is a condition when a person experiences difficulty in breathing as a

Result of the narrowing and swelling of the bronchial airways.

_________4. Occurs when the blood flow to the part of the heart is blocked by blood
clot, the heart muscle supplied by the artery begins to die.

_________5. is a condition that develops when a substance called plaque builds up

in the walls of the arteries making it harder for blood to flow through.

_________6. is a bacterial infection that can spread from person to person through
respiratory droplets via coughing and sneezing.

_________7.is another name for high blood pressure. The causes of this disease
includes obesity, diabetes, lack of fruits and vegetables in the diet and high salt intake.

_________8. is part of a family of viruses called corona viruses that infect both
people and animals. It can affect nose, sinuses, throat and lungs.

_________9. is among the most common respiratory disease. This is a disease

affecting the upper respiratory tract (nose and throat).
.
_________10. is the infection of the lungs caused by viruses and bacteria wherein the
alveoli in the lungs are inflamed and become filled with liquid and pus making it difficult
for the lungs to transfer oxygen to the blood.

What you eat or activity each day affects your health and how you feel now and in
the future. To maintain a healthy and functional body, it is important to take care of
them properly. Lifestyle is define as someone’s way of living that
a person or particular group of people usually do. Lifestyle has a direct effect on the
organs of the respiratory and circulatory system.
 Let’s find out if we have a common understanding of what one of the
important terms in this lesson mean and that is the effect of lifestyle on the
respiratory and circulatory system. Let’s begin with the activity below.

Activity 10
Healthy and Unhealthy Lifestyle

Objective: To identify practices that promotes healthy lifestyle.

Direction: Choose the following lifestyle from the box that should go under the
column “healthy” or “Unhealthy” lifestyle.
Eat fruits and vegetables Drinking too much alcohol
Smoke cigarettes High fat and high sugar diet
Get Enough sleep Exercise regularly
Eat junk foods Have time to relax
Observe strict personal hygiene Not drinking enough water

Healthy Lifestyle Unhealthy Lifestyle

Activity 11

Who’s Doing Good or Bad for the lungs and heart?

Objective:

To identify lifestyles that has an effect to the respiratory and circulatory systems.

Study each picture that shows lifestyles that are either good or bad for your
respiratory and circulatory system. Write your explanation on the lines provided.
And answer the guide questions that follow. Make a short explanation for your
answer on the given box.
1.

2.

3.

4.
Guide Questions:

1. Why should you take care of the respiratory and circulatory system?

2. How does smoking affect one’s health?

3. How does exercise prevent heart disease?

4. How does unhealthy lifestyle shorten one’s life?

A. Fill the diagram with the correct information.

Diseases Risk factors/Causes Preventive Practice

Example: Influenza Influenza virus washing your hands often

1. Hypertension
 2. Stroke

3. Pneumonia

4. Tuberculosis

5. Covid-19

B. True or False. If the statement is true, draw ☺ before the numbers. If false,
draw

_______1. Diseases of the blood vessels and heart are known as respiratory
diseases.

________2. Covid 19is a serious global infectious disease caused by a new strain
of coronavirus.

________3. Lifestyle has a direct effect on the organs of the respiratory and
circulatory system.

________4. Unhealthy lifestyle give your body the best chance to fight virus and
bacteria.

________5. Consult a doctor when symptoms of common respiratory and circulatory

diseases persist.

Activity 12
Negative vs. Positive Impact
Objective:
To determine the items has a negative or positive impact on the spread of disease.

In this activity you will indicate which items or item has positive or negative impact on
the individual. How does this affect our health? Are we using more or less of the
items? Compare the items presented with items available to us today? Record your
answer on the table provided.

1. Determine whether the item helps prevent or spread disease or have no impact
and why? Check the corresponding box.
Items Disease Disease No Why
Spreading Preventin impact
 g
1. Soap
2. Alcohol
3. Toilet Seat
4. Picture of pollution
5. Picture of person
coughing
6. Face mask
7. Ads for anti-viral drugs
8. Iodine salts
9. Vitamins and Minerals
10. Social Distancing

2. Determine which item had the greatest positive impact on health and why?

3. How does use of these items today affect our personal health?

PERFORMANCE TASK

Create a flow chart that traces the path that blood takes through the circulatory system.
 

Chapter Review

 The diseases of the respiratory system include asthma, common cold,

pneumonia, bronchitis, rhinitis, emphysema and tuberculosis.
 Asthma is a condition when a person experiences difficulty in breathing.
 Common Cold is among the most common respiratory disease. This is a
disease affecting the upper respiratory tract (nose and throat).
 Pneumonia is the infection of the lungs caused by viruses and bacteria
wherein the lungs are inflamed and become filled with liquid and pus.
 Influenza is commonly called the flu. It is caused by the influenza virus that
attacks your throat, nose and lungs.
 Bronchitis is the inflammation or swelling of bronchial tube lining.
 Tuberculosis (TB) is a bacterial infections of the lungs caused by
mycobacterium tuberculosis, which is an airborne disease.
 Covid 19 is a serious global infectious disease. It is part of a family of viruses
called corona viruses. It can affect nose, sinuses, throat and lungs.
 The diseases of the circulatory system include atherosclerosis, stroke,
hypertension and heart attack.
 Atherosclerosis is a condition that develops when a substance called plaque
builds up in the walls of the arteries making it harder for blood to flow through.
 Stroke occurs when it damages the brain when a blood vessels gets blocked
or leaked usually from a blood clot.
 Hypertension is the other name for high blood pressure.
 Heart attack occurs when the blood flow to the part of the heart is blocked by
blood clot, the heart muscle supplied by the artery begins to die.
 For prevention for both respiratory and circulatory diseases observe strict
personal hygiene, eat healthy foods, avoid smoking, exercise regularly and
avoid direct contact with infected person and contaminated objects.
 Lifestyle is define as someone’s way of living that a person or particular group
of people usually do.
 Four lifestyles may be observed that lead to respiratory and circulatory
diseases: smoking, excessive alcohol intake, stress and high level of fat and
cholesterol in the blood.
 Smoking is not good for the health. Cigarettes contain nicotine, carbon
monoxide and tar. Excessive alcohol will increase triglycerides in the blood
and induces calorie intake.
 Stresses are caused by work related stress and emotional stress that
decreases the resistance to heart disease. A diet high in fat and cholesterol
poses a great risk to the organs of respiratory and circulatory system.
 Ways to have a healthy lifestyle is to exercise regularly, avoid smoking and
drinking alcohol, eat a healthy diet and take time to relax and avoid stress.
Post Test

It is now time to evaluate your learning. Write your answers from the answer at the end of the
question.

I. Multiple Choice. Direction.

1. Which respiratory diseases can be triggered by allergies brought by pollens, dust,

fumes, certain food and medications, air pollutants and bacteria? 1.___
A. Asthma B. Emphysema C. Rhinitis D. Tuberculosis

2. Which of these diseases that a person may experience breathing difficulty

because of the mucus or phlegm forms in the airways obstructing the flow of oxygen
into the lungs? 2.___
A. Common cold B. Asthma C. Bronchitis D. Influenza

3. Which of the following diseases is caused by family of viruses called corona

viruses that infect both people and animals? 3.___
A. Influenza B. Asthma C. Common cold D. Covid 19

4.What circulatory diseases are caused by atherosclerosis, diabetes, high blood pressure
and gender (more common in males)? 4.___
A. Heart Attack B. Atherosclerosis C. Stroke D. Hypertension

5.Which of these diseases are caused by smoking, high blood pressure,

excessive alcohol intake and diabetes? 5.___
A. Hypertension B. Stroke Atherosclerosis D. Heart Attack

6.What substance is toxic to the body that decreases the haemoglobin in the
organs of the body and prevents haemoglobin to carry the oxygen in the blood? 6.___
A. Nicotine B. Tar C. Carcinogen D. Carbon monoxide

7. What addictive substance that increases heart rate and blood pressure? 7.___
A. Tar B. Caffeine C. Nicotine D. Carbon monoxide

8. What type of smoking does inhaling cigarette smoking from cigarette

smokers that found to have adverse effects to the persons lungs and heart? 8.___
A. Active smoking B. Passive smoking
C. Transitional smoking D. Collective smoking

9. Which of the following is define as someone’s way of living that a person or particular
group of people usually do. 9.____
A. Stress B. Exercise C. Lifestyle D. Smoking
S
10. Which of the following unhealthy lifestyle that will increase triglycerides in the blood and
induces calorie intake?
A. Smoking B. Stress C. High fat diet D. Excessive alcohol

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REFERENCES
Aquino, M., Madriaga, E., Valdoz, M., Biong, J. SCIENCE LINKS 9, Rex Book Store, Inc. 2017

Nueva Espana, R., Mallorca, M., Florido,A.,Palomar, B., Gerona.,Villamil, A, Sinugbuhan, R.,
SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY 9, Aviva Publishing House, Inc., 2016.

Science - Grade 9 Learner’s Module (Philippines: FEP Printing Corporation, 1st Edition, 2014),
2-18.
https://www.dmu.edu/medterms/respiratory-system/respiratory-system-diseases/

https://www.gavi.org/vaccineswork/what-is-covid-19-and-how-does-it-spread

https://www.livescience.com/22486-circulatory-system.html

https://www.foundationforpn.org/living-well/lifestyle/

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