Use the Color Thresholder app to threshold on the saturation channel.

See attached
demo.

I already used rgb2gray() and then binarized ...but i still need to remove
any white in the back or in the hand and also,

I want to know how to remove unnecessary pattern or form in the image

(just need the hand palm only)!!!!

Read the Background image

%Read Background Image

Background=imread('background.jpeg');

%Read Current Frame Read the Current frame

CurrentFrame=imread('original.jpeg');

%Display both Background and Foreground

subplot(2,2,1);imshow(Background);title('BackGround');

subplot(2,2,2);imshow(CurrentFrame);title('Current Frame');

Convert RGB to HSV Conversion of both background and current frame

%Convert RGB 2 HSV Color conversion

[Background_hsv]=round(rgb2hsv(Background));

[CurrentFrame_hsv]=round(rgb2hsv(CurrentFrame));
Out = bitxor(Background_hsv,CurrentFrame_hsv);

%Convert RGB 2 GRAY

Out=rgb2gray(Out);

%Read Rows and Columns of the Image

[rows columns]=size(Out); the width and height of the image

Convert image to binary

%Convert to Binary Image

for i=1:rows

for j=1:columns

if Out(i,j) >0

BinaryImage(i,j)=1;

BinaryImage(i,j)=0;

%Apply Median filter to remove Noise

FilteredImage=medfilt2(BinaryImage,[5 5]);

%Boundary Label the Filtered Image

[L num]=bwlabel(FilteredImage); Label the filter Image

STATS=regionprops(L,'all');
cc=[];

removed=0;

%Remove the noisy regions

for i=1:num

dd=STATS(i).Area; ) Remove the noisy regions

if (dd < 500

L(L==i)=0;

removed = removed + 1;

num=num-1;

end

[L2 num2]=bwlabel(L);

% Trace region boundaries in a binary image.

[B,L,N,A] = bwboundaries(L2); Trace the boundary

%Display results

subplot(2,2,3),  imshow(L2);title('BackGround Detected');

subplot(2,2,4),  imshow(L2);title('Blob Detected');

for k=1:length(B),

if(~sum(A(k,:)))
boundary = B{k};

plot(boundary(:,2), boundary(:,1), 'r','LineWidth',2);

for l=find(A(:,k))'

boundary = B{l};

plot(boundary(:,2), boundary(:,1), 'g','LineWidth',2);

end
After you get through the first loop over frames, FG will have the value of the last iteration because
you keep overwriting it on each iteration and never do anything with it. So after that loop ends, FG is
just the last frame minus the first frame. Clearly not what you want to do. Then you're thresholding
FG, which is just the last difference like I said, and displaying it.
Put the background modification and the thresholding inside your loop over frames, and
display inside that loop, or else assign a frame FG{f} to store all your difference frames. I added just
a few lines to my demo (which I've posted before) to handle your adaptive background stuff. Copy,
paste, and run this code:
% Demo macro to extract frames and get frame means from an avi movie
% and save individual frames to separate image files.
% Also computes the mean gray value of the color channels.
clc; % Clear the command window.
close all; % Close all figures (except those of imtool.)
imtool close all; % Close all imtool figures.
clear; % Erase all existing variables.
workspace; % Make sure the workspace panel is showing.
fontSize = 14;
% Change the current folder to the folder of this m-file.
% (The line of code below is from Brett Shoelson of The Mathworks.)
if(~isdeployed)
cd(fileparts(which(mfilename)));
end
% Open the rhino.avi demo movie that ships with MATLAB.
folder = fullfile(matlabroot, '\toolbox\images\imdemos');
movieFullFileName = fullfile(folder, 'rhinos.avi');
% Check to see that it exists.
if ~exist(movieFullFileName, 'file')
strErrorMessage = sprintf('File not found:\n%s\nYou can choose a new one, or
cancel', movieFullFileName);
response = questdlg(strErrorMessage, 'File not found', 'OK - choose a new
movie.', 'Cancel', 'OK - choose a new movie.');
if strcmpi(response, 'OK - choose a new movie.')
[baseFileName, folderName, FilterIndex] = uigetfile('*.avi');
if ~isequal(baseFileName, 0)
movieFullFileName = fullfile(folderName, baseFileName);
else
return;
end
else
return;
end
end
try
videoObject = VideoReader(movieFullFileName)
% Determine how many frames there are.
numberOfFrames = videoObject.NumberOfFrames;
vidHeight = videoObject.Height;
 vidWidth = videoObject.Width;
numberOfFramesWritten = 0;
% Prepare a figure to show the images in the upper half of the screen.
figure;
% screenSize = get(0, 'ScreenSize');
% Enlarge figure to full screen.
set(gcf, 'units','normalized','outerposition',[0 0 1 1]);

% Ask user if they want to write the individual frames out to disk.
promptMessage = sprintf('Do you want to save the individual frames out to
individual disk files?');
button = questdlg(promptMessage, 'Save individual frames?', 'Yes', 'No',
'Yes');
if strcmp(button, 'Yes')
writeToDisk = true;
% Extract out the various parts of the filename.
[folder, baseFileName, extentions] = fileparts(movieFullFileName);
% Make up a special new output subfolder for all the separate
% movie frames that we're going to extract and save to disk.
% (Don't worry - windows can handle forward slashes in the folder
name.)
folder = pwd; % Make it a subfolder of the folder where this m-file
lives.
outputFolder = sprintf('%s/Movie Frames from %s', folder,
baseFileName);
% Create the folder if it doesn't exist already.
if ~exist(outputFolder, 'dir')
mkdir(outputFolder);
end
else
writeToDisk = false;
end
% Loop through the movie, writing all frames out.
% Each frame will be in a separate file with unique name.
meanGrayLevels = zeros(numberOfFrames, 1);
meanRedLevels = zeros(numberOfFrames, 1);
meanGreenLevels = zeros(numberOfFrames, 1);
meanBlueLevels = zeros(numberOfFrames, 1);
for frame = 1 : numberOfFrames
% Extract the frame from the movie structure.
thisFrame = read(videoObject, frame);

% Display it
hImage = subplot(2, 2, 1);
image(thisFrame);
caption = sprintf('Frame %4d of %d.', frame, numberOfFrames);
title(caption, 'FontSize', fontSize);
drawnow; % Force it to refresh the window.
% Write the image array to the output file, if requested.
 if writeToDisk
% Construct an output image file name.
outputBaseFileName = sprintf('Frame %4.4d.png', frame);
outputFullFileName = fullfile(outputFolder, outputBaseFileName);
% Stamp the name and frame number onto the image.
% At this point it's just going into the overlay,
% not actually getting written into the pixel values.
text(5, 15, outputBaseFileName, 'FontSize', 20);
% Extract the image with the text "burned into" it.
frameWithText = getframe(gca);
% frameWithText.cdata is the image with the text
% actually written into the pixel values.
% Write it out to disk.
imwrite(frameWithText.cdata, outputFullFileName, 'png');
end
% Calculate the mean gray level.
grayImage = rgb2gray(thisFrame);
meanGrayLevels(frame) = mean(grayImage(:));
% Calculate the mean R, G, and B levels.
meanRedLevels(frame) = mean(mean(thisFrame(:, :, 1)));
meanGreenLevels(frame) = mean(mean(thisFrame(:, :, 2)));
meanBlueLevels(frame) = mean(mean(thisFrame(:, :, 3)));
% Plot the mean gray levels.
hPlot = subplot(2, 2, 2);
hold off;
plot(meanGrayLevels, 'k-', 'LineWidth', 2);
hold on;
plot(meanRedLevels, 'r-');
plot(meanGreenLevels, 'g-');
plot(meanBlueLevels, 'b-');
grid on;

% Put title back because plot() erases the existing title.

title('Mean Gray Levels', 'FontSize', fontSize);
if frame == 1
xlabel('Frame Number');
ylabel('Gray Level');
% Get size data later for preallocation if we read
% the movie back in from disk.
[rows columns numberOfColorChannels] = size(thisFrame);
end
% Update user with the progress. Display in the command window.
if writeToDisk
progressIndication = sprintf('Wrote frame %4d of %d.', frame,
numberOfFrames);
else
progressIndication = sprintf('Processed frame %4d of %d.', frame,
numberOfFrames);
end
disp(progressIndication);
 % Increment frame count (should eventually = numberOfFrames
% unless an error happens).
numberOfFramesWritten = numberOfFramesWritten + 1;

% Now let's do the differencing

alpha = 0.5;
if frame == 1
Background = thisFrame;
else
% Change background slightly at each frame
% Background(t+1)=(1-alpha)*I+alpha*Background
Background = (1-alpha)* thisFrame + alpha * Background;
end
% Display the changing/adapting background.
subplot(2, 2, 3);
imshow(Background);
title('Adaptive Background', 'FontSize', fontSize);
% Calculate a difference between this frame and the background.
differenceImage = thisFrame - uint8(Background);
% Threshold with Otsu method.
grayImage = rgb2gray(differenceImage); % Convert to gray level
thresholdLevel = graythresh(grayImage); % Get threshold.
binaryImage = im2bw( grayImage, thresholdLevel); % Do the binarization
% Plot the binary image.
subplot(2, 2, 4);
imshow(binaryImage);
title('Binarized Difference Image', 'FontSize', fontSize);
end
% Alert user that we're done.
if writeToDisk
finishedMessage = sprintf('Done! It wrote %d frames to folder\n"%s"',
numberOfFramesWritten, outputFolder);
else
finishedMessage = sprintf('Done! It processed %d frames of\n"%s"',
numberOfFramesWritten, movieFullFileName);
end
disp(finishedMessage); % Write to command window.
uiwait(msgbox(finishedMessage)); % Also pop up a message box.
% Exit if they didn't write any individual frames out to disk.
if ~writeToDisk
return;
end
% Ask user if they want to read the individual frames from the disk,
% that they just wrote out, back into a movie and display it.
promptMessage = sprintf('Do you want to recall the individual frames\nback
from disk into a movie?\n(This will take several seconds.)');
button = questdlg(promptMessage, 'Recall Movie?', 'Yes', 'No', 'Yes');
if strcmp(button, 'No')
return;
end
 % Read the frames back in, and convert them to a movie.
% I don't know of any way to preallocate recalledMovie.
for frame = 1 : numberOfFrames
% Construct an output image file name.
outputBaseFileName = sprintf('Frame %4.4d.png', frame);
outputFullFileName = fullfile(outputFolder, outputBaseFileName);
% Read the image in from disk.
thisFrame = imread(outputFullFileName);
% Convert the image into a "movie frame" structure.
recalledMovie(frame) = im2frame(thisFrame);
end
% Get rid of old image and plot.
delete(hImage);
delete(hPlot);
% Create new axes for our movie.
subPlot(1, 3, 2);
axis off; % Turn off axes numbers.
title('Movie recalled from disk', 'FontSize', fontSize);
% Play the movie in the axes.
movie(recalledMovie);
% Note: if you want to display graphics or text in the overlay
% as the movie plays back then you need to do it like I did at first
% (at the top of this file where you extract and imshow a frame at a time.)
msgbox('Done with this demo!');
catch ME
% Some error happened if you get here.
stError = lasterror;
strErrorMessage = sprintf('Error extracting movie frames from:\n\n%s\n\nError:
%s\n\n)', movieFullFileName, stError.message);
uiwait(msgbox(strErrorMessage));
end

  12 Comments
Show 11 older comments

Image Analyst  on 31 Jul 2017

Was that from a line of code in the program I gave? If so, which line threw that error?
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 More Answers (2)

 Laura Proctor  on 24 Dec 2012
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There are a couple things that I notice in this code. First, I'm not sure, but I think that you might want
to apply the threshold to each frame, in which case, you should put the threshholding inside the for
loop when reading each frame. Second, you can achieve this threshholding without using a for loop.
Try this:
threshold=25;
for f=1:frames
I=read(obj,f);
figure(1);imshow(I);title('Input Video Sequence');
if f==1
Background=I;
Fg=abs(I-Background);
else
Fg=abs(I-Background);
end
Fg(Fg>threshold) = 255;
Fg(Fg<=threshold) = 0;
figure(2);imshow(Fg);
drawnow;
pause(0.2)
end