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Laboratory Report CHM 213 (Physical Chemistry)

This laboratory report summarizes an experiment on acid-base equilibria. The objectives were to measure the pH of solutions with different acidities and basicities, determine the ionization constant of a weak acid, study the effect of dilution on ionization, and examine buffer properties. Solutions including vinegar, water, acids, and bases were tested. Results showed some predicted pH values matched measurements, while pH was unaffected by volume but changed with molarity. The report concluded the objectives were achieved and acid-base concepts were examined.

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697 views6 pages

Laboratory Report CHM 213 (Physical Chemistry)

This laboratory report summarizes an experiment on acid-base equilibria. The objectives were to measure the pH of solutions with different acidities and basicities, determine the ionization constant of a weak acid, study the effect of dilution on ionization, and examine buffer properties. Solutions including vinegar, water, acids, and bases were tested. Results showed some predicted pH values matched measurements, while pH was unaffected by volume but changed with molarity. The report concluded the objectives were achieved and acid-base concepts were examined.

Uploaded by

Muhd Mirza Hizami
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LABORATORY REPORT

CHM 213
(PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY)
BIL. NAME STUDENT ID
1. LUQMAN AL HAKIM BIN EMLIR 2019211818
2. INTAN ZAFINA BINTI ZAMRE 2019243924
3. ZIANATUL ASYIQIN BINTI SAMSUL 2019205486
4. DYGKU AKMA ATHIRAH BT AWANG BUSRI 2019239702
5. NUR AIN IZATI BAHARIA 2019216872

GROUP : GROUP 4
PROGRAMME : AS115 2A
NO. AND TITLE OF EXPERIMENT : 5. ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM
DATE OF EXPERIMENT :
DATE OF REPORT SUBMISSION : 30/4/2020
NAME OF LECTURER : DR. NUR ROYHAILA MOHAMAD

Laboratory Report Marking Scheme:


Criteria Full Marks (to be filled by
Mark(s) lecturer)
Objective of the Experiment
Introduction
Experimental Procedure
Results and Observations
Calculations
Discussion
Conclusion
Answers to Questions
References
Format
Total Marks
EXPERIMENT 5

ACID-BASE EQUILIBRIUM

OBJECTIVES
a) To measure the pH of solutions of different acidity and basicity
b) To determine the ionization constant of a weak acid
c) To study the effect of dilution on the degree of ionization
d) To study the properties of buffer solution

INTRODUCTION

Acid-base reactions, in which protons are exchanged between donor molecules (acids)
and acceptors (bases), form the basis of the most common kinds of equilibrium problems
which you will encounter in almost any application of chemistry. As we all know that
acid properties are have sour taste, react with electropositive metals to liberate hydrogen
gas and react with bases from salt and water only while for base properties are slippery
when touch, react with ammonium salt to produce gas ammonia and react with acid from
salt and water only.

In order to thoroughly understand the material in this unit, there are three types of
definition that contain in this topic:
 Arrhenius’s Definition
 Bronsted-Lowry’s Definition
 Lewis Definition

Arrhenius’s Definition said that for acid it will produce H+ in aqueous solution and for
base it will produce OH- in aqueous solution.
Bronsted-Lowry’s Definition said that an acid is a chemical substance which donates
proton to another and a base is a chemical substance which takes proton from another or
known as proton acceptor.
Lewis Definition said that a Lewis acid accepts a lone pair of electrons a Lewis base
donates a lone pair of electrons.

CHEMICALS:

Distilled water, tap water, vinegar, milk, 0.1M MH4OH, 0.1M NH4NO2, 0.1M NaCl,
0.1M CH3COONa, 0.1M CH3COONH4, 0.1M CH3COOH, 5ml 0.1M CH3COOH +
5ml H20, 1ml 0.1M CH3COOH + 99ml H2O, 5ml 0.1M CH3COOH + 5ml 0.1M HCl,
50ml 0.1M NH4OH + 50ml 0.1M NH4NO3, 10ml of (14) + 6ml of H2O, 10ml of (14) +
5ml of H2O + 1ml 0.1M HCl, 10ml of (14) + 6ml 0.1M HCl, 10ml of (14) + 5ml of H2O
+ 1ml 0.1M NaOH.
APPARATUS

Beaker, test tube, dropper, pH paper

PROCEDURE
a. Measuring pH of solutions
The pH values of each of the solutions were predicted and record in the Result
and Discussion section before any measurements are made. Then the pH
values of the solutions was measured and recorded in the same section.
b. Effect of dilution on a
The solution was prepared as required. Predict the pH values of the solutions
first then only measured the ph. The result was recorded in the table provided.
c. Buffers
The solution was prepared as required. Predict whether solution nos. 13 and
14 were buffers or not. The pH was measured and recorded in the table.

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

Chemical solutions Predicted pH Measured pH


1 5.8 7
2 6.5 6.5
3 2.4 2.4
4 6.6 6.7
5 11.6 11.6
6 5.4 10.2
7 7 7
8 8 8.9
9 2.7 2.9
10 2.8 2.8
11 2.9 2.8
12 2.9 2.8
13 4.6 4.6
14 9.3 9.25
15 9.3 9.25
16 9.3 9.2
17 9.3 9.3
18 9.3 9
QUESTION
1. Classify solution no 1-14 in the experiment into any of these groups:
A. Strong acid
- Vinegar
- CH3COONH4
- CH3COOH
B. Strong base
- NH4OH
-NH4NO3
C. Weak acid
-tap water
-milk
D. Weak base
-CH3COONa
E. Buffer
-CH3COOH + HCl
-CH3COOH + NH4NO3
2. Calculate the dissociation constant (Ka) and degrees of ionization of CH3COOH
in solution no 10-12 based on the pH values obtained. Compare Ka and degrees of
ionization with the theoretical value.

No10. pH= 2.8


H+ = 10-2.8
= 1.585 x10-3

[ ][ ]
Ka= [ ]

Ka =

-5
Ka =2.55x10

No11. pH= 2.8


H+ = 10-2.8
= 1.585 x10-3

[ ][ ]
Ka= [ ]

Ka =

-5
Ka =2.55x10
3. Is the degree of ionization affected by dilution?

Yes. On the increasing of dilution, the degree of ionization also increases.

4. What are the common ions that are found in solution no14?

=NH4+ and NO3-

5. How does the pH change in solution no15-18 compared to solution no14? Explain
your findings.

= The pH of the solution remain same because the concentration of the reactant
does not changes so that the pH also does not changes.

DISCUSSION

In this experiment we can some of solution’s pH that predicted were same after we
measured by using pH paper or based on calculation. For the pH values of every solution,
it is not depends base on their volume. No matter the volume used, pH value for the
solution does not effect. But if the molarity of the solution change, then the pH will also
change.

CONCLUSION

Lastly, we can conclude that based on this experiment we are able to measure the pH
of solutions of different acidity and basicity, to determine the ionization constant of a
weak acid, to study the effect of dilution on the degree of ionization, to study the
properties of buffer solution.
REFERENCES

1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7Us44X98r-E
2. https://www.google.com/search?q=common+ions&sxsrf=ALeKk03pzbkedcVB-
AYvpk4gdJBUdbkubA:1588169295755&tbm=isch&source=iu&ictx=1&fir=ABr
9jF5d5DFG-M%253A%252CmbOI3pRVia8NlM%252C_&vet=1&usg=AI4_-
kRxla8xC9kzCZ2GSkAIzj8QH58ASw&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwirrd3V543pAhW
KyDgGHcEPA5EQ_h0wAHoECAoQBA#imgrc=ABr9jF5d5DFG-M:
3. https://www.google.com/search?sxsrf=ALeKk03mJX7n6bq4xZu2WxTIunH13_
KlGg%3A1588170776744&ei=GJCpXtH3LMbE4-EPnr-
66AY&q=pKa+for+nh4oh&oq=pKa+for+nh4oh&gs_lcp=CgZwc3ktYWIQAzoE
CAAQR1CNK1iNK2C9L2gAcAJ4AIABU4gBU5IBATGYAQCgAQGqAQdnd3
Mtd2l6&sclient=psy-
ab&ved=0ahUKEwjR4_WX7Y3pAhVG4jgGHZ6fDm0Q4dUDCAw&uact=5
4. Laboratory manual chm213
5. Notes chapter 4 : acid-base equilibrium and buffer solution.

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