SAMPLE PROJECT:

A 25-storey office building is to be built to serve 120 male & 120 female employees per floor (use flushometer).

Assume 2-toilet facilities for PWD per floor (use flush tank). Typical height of each floor is 3.5 m.

Others:

Pump setting = 4.0 m

3 basements

Refer to diagram.

Methods and Procedure:

1. Determine the occupancy: Office or Public Buildings for employee use (table 4-1 NPCP)

2. Group floors into zones.

For Zone A (15th floor to 25th floor)

1. Compute the basic fixtures for male per floor

Water closet - FV 4 10 40

Urinal 3 5 15

Lavatory 3 2 6

Sink Service 1 4 4

Total 65 WSFU

2. Compute the basic fixtures for female per floor

Water closet - FV 7 10 70

Lavatory 3 2 6

Sink Service 1 4 4

Total 80 WSFU

3. Compute the basic fixtures for PWD per floor (private)

Water Closet - FT 2 3 6

Engr. Marcus Ceazar V. Austria

 Lavatory 2 1 2

Total 8 WSFU

4. Total WSFU per floor = 𝟔𝟓 + 𝟖𝟎 + 𝟖 = 𝟏𝟓𝟑 𝑾𝑺𝑭𝑼

𝑾𝑺𝑭𝑼
5. Total WSFU for Zone A (11 Floors) = 𝟏𝟓𝟑 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒐𝒓 𝒙 𝟏𝟏 𝑭𝒍𝒐𝒐𝒓𝒔 = 𝟏, 𝟔𝟖𝟑 𝑾𝑺𝑭𝑼

6. Water Demand or Flow Rate per floor

(153 − 140) 𝑥 (81 − 77)

153 𝑊𝑆𝐹𝑈 → + 77 = 79.6
160 − 140

𝑠𝑎𝑦 80 𝑔𝑝𝑚

7. Total Water Demand or Flow Rate for Zone A

(1,653 − 1500) 𝑥 (325 − 269)

1,683 𝑊𝑆𝐹𝑈 → + 269 = 289.5
2,000 − 1500

𝑠𝑎𝑦 290 𝑔𝑝𝑚

8. Compute for the Average Water Demand, WDAVE

WDAVE = 𝑄𝑔𝑝𝑚 𝑥 30 min = 290 𝑔𝑝𝑚 𝑥 30 𝑚𝑖𝑛 =

WDAVE = 8,700 𝑔𝑎𝑙

9. Overhead Tank Capacity, OVT

𝑂𝑉𝑇 = 𝑊𝐷𝐴𝑉𝐸 + 2%𝑊𝐷𝐴𝑉𝐸

𝑂𝑉𝑇 = 8,700 + 0.02(8,700)

𝑂𝑉𝑇 = 8,874 𝑔𝑎𝑙

𝑠𝑎𝑦 𝑂𝑉𝑇 = 9,000 𝑔𝑎𝑙

10. Option 1: Check Steel Tank catalogue for availability.

Use: 2- STH-17,500 4,630-gal capacity (horizontal type)

Diameter = 2.20 m

Length = 4.90 m

Height = 2.34 m

11. Option 2: If Cast-in-place reinforced concrete

1 𝑚3
𝑂𝑉𝑇 = 9,000 𝑔𝑎𝑙 𝑥 = 34.09 𝑚3 → 𝑉𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑘
264 𝑔𝑎𝑙

𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 𝑜𝑓 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 3.0 𝑚

Engr. Marcus Ceazar V. Austria

 34.09
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑘, 𝐴 𝑇 = = 11.36 𝑚2
3.0

𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑊𝑖𝑑𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 3.0 𝑚

11.36
𝐿𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ = = 3.78 𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 3.80 𝑚
3.0

12. Design the Overhead tank.

13. Suction Tank, ST

Assume the same capacity as the overhead tank

𝑆𝑇 = 𝑂𝑉𝑇

𝑆𝑇 = 9,000 𝑔𝑎𝑙 = 34.09 𝑚3

𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝐷𝑒𝑝𝑡ℎ = 3.0 𝑚

34.09
𝐴𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑆𝑇 = = 11.36 𝑚2
3.0

𝐴𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑚𝑒 𝑆𝑞𝑢𝑎𝑟𝑒; 𝐷𝑖𝑚𝑒𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑜𝑛 = √11.36 = 3.37 𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 3.40 𝑚

14. Design the ST

15. Transfer pump

Assume Steel Tank was used:

𝑂𝑉𝑇 = 4,630 𝑥 2 = 9,260 𝑔𝑎𝑙 = 35.08 𝑚3

𝑅𝑒𝑓𝑖𝑙𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑃𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑜𝑑 = 1 ℎ𝑟

35.08 𝑚3
𝑄= 𝑜𝑟 154.35 𝑔𝑝𝑚 𝑜𝑟 9.74 𝑙𝑝𝑠
ℎ𝑟

16. Compute for the Total Dynamic Head, TDH

𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑠𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 + 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑘 + 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

𝑃𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑆𝑒𝑡𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 4.0 𝑚

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣. 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑘 = 87.5 + 4.0 + 2.34 + 1 = 94.84 𝑚

(6 + 3) 𝑥 1.5 𝑥 1.13 𝑘𝑃𝑎/𝑚

𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝐿𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠 = = 1.56 𝑚
9.81 𝑘𝑃𝑎/𝑚

𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 4.0 + 94.84 + 1.56 = 100.4 𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 100 𝑚

17. Compute for the Water Horse Power, WHP

𝑇𝐷𝐻𝑓𝑡 𝑥 𝑄𝑔𝑝𝑚
𝑊𝐻𝑃 =
3,960

Engr. Marcus Ceazar V. Austria

 100 𝑥 3.28 𝑥 154.35
𝑊𝐻𝑃 = = 12.78 ℎ𝑃
3,960

18. Compute for the Brake Horse Power, BHP

𝑊𝐻𝑃
𝐵𝐻𝑃 =
𝐸𝑓𝑓𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑦

12.78
𝐵𝐻𝑃 = = 25.57 ℎ𝑃 𝑠𝑎𝑦 25 ℎ𝑃
0.50

19. Compute for BKW

𝑇𝐷𝐻𝑚 𝑥 𝑄𝑚3 𝑥 9.81

ℎ𝑟
𝐵𝑘𝑊 =
3,600 𝑥 𝐸𝑓𝑓

100 𝑥 35.08 𝑥 9.81

𝐵𝑘𝑊 = = 19.12 𝑘𝑊
3,600 𝑥 0.50

1,000
𝐵𝑘𝑊 = 19.12 𝑘𝑊 𝑥 = 25.62 ℎ𝑃 𝑠𝑎𝑦 25 ℎ𝑃 𝑂𝐾!
746

20. Specifications of Transfer Pump

Use: 2 units (1 duty, 1 standby)

Single Stage End-Suction Centrifugal Pump

25 ℎ𝑃

𝑚3 𝑚3
𝑄 = 35 𝑜𝑟 0.0097 𝑜𝑟 9.72 𝑙𝑝𝑠
ℎ𝑟 𝑠

𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 100 𝑚

19. Sizing of Up feed pipe Riser

20. Pressure Head, PH

𝑃𝐻 = 𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑜𝑓 𝑇𝑎𝑛𝑘 𝑥 9.81 𝑘𝑃𝑎/𝑚

𝑃𝐻 = 94.84 𝑚 𝑥 9.81 𝑘𝑃𝑎/𝑚

𝑃𝐻 = 930.38 𝑘𝑃𝑎

21. Pressure at Riser, PR

𝑃𝑅 = 𝑚𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 𝑜𝑝𝑒𝑟𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑝𝑢𝑚𝑝 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 − 𝑃𝐻

𝑃𝑅 = 1000 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 930.38 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑃𝑅 = 69.62 𝑘𝑃𝑎

22. Pressure available after valves, PA

Engr. Marcus Ceazar V. Austria
 𝑃𝐴 = 𝑃𝑅 − 2 𝑝𝑠𝑖

6.895 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑃𝐴 = 69.62 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 2 𝑝𝑠𝑖 𝑥 = 55.82 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑝𝑠𝑖

23. Pressure at the pipeline, PP

𝑃𝐴
𝑃𝑃 =
𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 𝑙𝑒𝑛𝑔𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑓 𝑝𝑖𝑝𝑒 𝑥 1.5

55.82 𝑘𝑃𝑎
𝑃𝑃 =
(87.50 𝑚 + 4.0 𝑚 + 2.34 𝑚 + 6.0 𝑚 + 3.0 𝑚 + 1.0 𝑚) 𝑥 1.5

𝑃𝑃 = 0.358 𝑘𝑃𝑎/𝑚

24. Compute for the slope of hydraulic gradient, s

0.358 𝑘𝑃𝑎/𝑚
𝑠=
9.81 𝑘𝑃𝑎/𝑚

𝑠 = 0.037

25. Diameter of Up feed pipe

Use: 𝑄 = 0.2785𝐶𝐷 2.63 𝑠 0.54

where: Q → discharge in m3/s

D → diameter of pipe in 𝑚

S → slope of hydraulic gradient

C → pipe roughness coefficient, Hazen Williams constant; use c = 100 for G.I.

𝑄 = 0.2785𝐶𝐷 2.63 𝑠 0.54

0.0097 = 0.2785 𝑥 100 𝑥 𝐷 2.63 𝑥 0.0370.54

𝐷 = 0.095 𝑚 = 95 𝑚𝑚

𝑠𝑎𝑦 100 𝑚𝑚 = 4 𝑖𝑛

Therefore: use 100 mm (NPS) or 4” for Up feed Pipe

Engr. Marcus Ceazar V. Austria

26. Sizing of Down feed Pipe

2.5 𝑄
Use: 𝐷 = √15,000𝑙𝑝𝑠𝑥 𝑃0.5
𝑃

Pipe Floor Accumulated Flow Flow Pressure at Pressure Effective Pressure Loss Diameter of Pipe
length Service WSFU Rate, Rate, Riser, Requirement Length due to (NPS)
Pipe Q Q (pipe length in Fixture (pipe Friction, PP = 2.5 𝑄𝑙𝑝𝑠
𝐷= √
15,000 𝑥 𝑃𝑃0.5
(gpm) (lps) x 9.81) (kPa) length x (PR – PRF)/eff
PR PRF 1.5) length mm in

(m) (kPa/m)
Neg. Pressure
7.5 25TH 1,683 289.50 18.26 73.58 173 11.25 -8.84
Neg. Pressure
11.0 24TH 1,530 272.36 17.18 107.91 173 16.50 -3.94
Neg. Pressure
14.5 23RD 1,377 254.24 16.04 142.25 173 21.75 -1.41
18.0 22ND 1,224 235.78 14.87 176.58 173 27.00 0.13 100 4”
21.5 21ST 1,071 216.80 13.68 210.92 173 32.25 1.18 65 2 ½”
25.0 20TH 918 197.83 12.48 245.25 173 37.50 1.93 50 2”
28.5 19TH 765 178.86 11.28 279.59 173 42.75 2.49 50 2”
32.0 18TH 612 158.23 9.98 313.92 173 48.00 2.94 50 2”
35.5 17TH 459 136.44 8.61 348.26 173 53.25 3.29 38 1 ½”
39.0 16TH 306 109.14 6.88 382.59 173 58.50 3.58 38 1 ½”
TH
42.5 15 153 79.60 5.02 416.93 173 63.75 3.83 32 1 ¼”

27. For Zone A-1 (23RD to 25th floor) Hydropneumatic Pressure System

28. Sizing of Booster Pump

A. Check for building floors that have a negative pressure. (See table above)

B. 25TH, 24TH & 23RD

29. Flow Rate for 25TH floor

A. Load = 153 WSFU

B. Q = 5.02 lps

30. Flow Rate for 24TH floor

A. Load = 153 WSFU

B. Q = 5.02 lps

31. Flow Rate for 23RD floor

Engr. Marcus Ceazar V. Austria

 A. Load = 153 WSFU

B. Q = 5.02 lps

32. Total WSFU for Zone A-1 = 153 x 3 = 459 WSFU

(459−400)𝑥 (143−127)
33. 𝐹𝑙𝑜𝑤 𝑅𝑎𝑡𝑒 𝑓𝑜𝑟 𝑍𝑜𝑛𝑒 𝐴 − 1, 𝑄𝐴−1 = (500−400)
+ 127 = 136.44 𝑔𝑝𝑚 → 8.61 𝑙𝑝𝑠

34. Compute for the Total Dynamic Head, TDH

𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 𝑆𝑡𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑐 𝐻𝑒𝑖𝑔ℎ𝑡 + 𝐷𝑒𝑠𝑖𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝐷𝑖𝑠𝑐ℎ𝑎𝑟𝑔𝑒 𝑃𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 + 𝐹𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑡𝑖𝑜𝑛 𝑙𝑜𝑠𝑠𝑒𝑠

207 𝑘𝑃𝑎 (4 𝑚 + 5 𝑚) 𝑥 1.5 𝑥 1.13 𝑘𝑃𝑎/𝑚

𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 4.0 𝑚 + +
9.81 𝑘𝑃𝑎/𝑚 9.81 𝑘𝑃𝑎/𝑚

𝑇𝐷𝐻 = 26.66 𝑚 𝑠𝑎𝑦 27 𝑚

35. Compute Water Horse Power, WHP

𝑇𝐷𝐻𝑓𝑡 𝑥 𝑄𝑔𝑝𝑚
𝑊𝐻𝑃 =
3960
27 𝑥 3.28 𝑥 136.44
𝑊𝐻𝑃 =
3960

𝑊𝐻𝑃 = 3.05 ℎ𝑃

36. Compute for the Brake Horse Power, BHP

𝑊𝐻𝑃
𝐵𝐻𝑃 =
𝐸𝑓𝑓

3.05
𝐵𝐻𝑃 = = 6.10 ℎ𝑃 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 ℎ𝑃
0.50

37. Compute for the BkW

𝑇𝐷𝐻𝑚 𝑥 𝑄𝑚3 𝑥 9.81

ℎ𝑟
𝐵𝑘𝑊 =
3,600 𝑥 𝐸𝑓𝑓

27 𝑥 31 𝑥 9.81
𝐵𝑘𝑊 = = 4.56 𝑘𝑊
3,600 𝑥 0.50

1000
𝐵𝑘𝑊 = 4.56 𝑥 = 6.1 ℎ𝑃 𝑠𝑎𝑦 6 ℎ𝑃 𝑂𝐾!
746

38. Capacity of Pressure Tank, CT

𝑉𝑆𝑇
𝐶𝑇 =
𝑓

15 𝑥 𝑄
𝑉𝑆𝑇 =
𝑁

Engr. Marcus Ceazar V. Austria

 𝑐𝑢𝑡 − 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒 − 𝑐𝑢𝑡 − 𝑖𝑛 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒
𝑓=
𝑐𝑢𝑡 − 𝑜𝑢𝑡 𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒

where: CT → capacity of pressure tank in liters

VST → Storage Volume

Q → Rate of flow in lpm

N → number of pump cycle per hour

f → acceptance factor

39. Solve for VST

𝑙𝑖
15 𝑥 136.44 𝑔𝑝𝑚 𝑥 3.785
𝑔𝑎𝑙
𝑉𝑆𝑇 =
12 𝑐𝑦𝑐𝑙𝑒𝑠/ℎ𝑜𝑢𝑟

𝑉𝑆𝑇 = 645.53 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠

40. Solve for acceptance factor, f

345 𝑘𝑃𝑎 − 207 𝑘𝑃𝑎

𝑓= = 0.40
345 𝑘𝑃𝑎

41. Solve for the Capacity of Pressure tank, CT

645.53
𝐶𝑇 = = 1,613.83 𝑙𝑖𝑡𝑒𝑟𝑠
0.40

Use: 1,600 liters Pressure Tank

42. Sizing of Downfeed pipe

Pipe Floor Accumulat Flow Flow Pressure at Riser, Pressure Effect Pressure Diameter of Pipe
length Service ed Rate, Q Rate, (kPa) Requirem ive Loss due to (NPS)
Pipe WSFU (gpm) Q ent in Lengt Friction, PP 𝐷

(lps) Fixture h = (PR – 2.5 𝑄𝑙𝑝𝑠

= √
15,000 𝑥 𝑃𝑃0.5
(kPa) (pipe PRF)/eff
PRF lengt length mm in

hx (kPa/m)
1.5)
(m)

3.5 25TH 459 136.44 8.61 207 + (3.5 𝑥 9.81) = 241 173 5.25 12.95 32 1 ¼”

7.0 24TH 306 109.14 6.88 207 + (7.0 𝑥 9.81) = 276 173 10.5 9.81 32 1 ¼”

207 + (10.5 𝑥 9.81)

RD
10.5 23 153 79.60 5.02 = 310 173 15.75 8.70 25 1”

Engr. Marcus Ceazar V. Austria