Materials, Properties and Testing

• DEADLINES:
• Assignment One: th November 2019
• Assignment One Submission: th
December 2019
• Contact details: Mr. Omal Mumuni-
Timtey (o.mumuni-
[email protected])
 Unite 9 : Materials, Properties and
Testing
Learning Outcomes
By the end of this unit students will be able to:
1. Explain the relationship between the atomic structure and the
physical properties
of materials.
2. Determine the suitability of engineering materials for use in a
specified role.
3. Explore the testing techniques to determine the physical
properties of an
engineering material.
4. Recognise and categorise the causes of in-service material
failure.
Physical Properties of Materials

In this presentation you will:

 discover the physical properties of materials, and how physical
properties make materials suitable for different applications
Next >
Introduction
Material properties
can be either
physical or chemical.

Density, thermal,
electrical, magnetic,
and optical are all types
of physical properties.

Mechanical properties are

those physical properties
that can be tested by
applying a force.

Different properties make

different materials
suitable for different uses.
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What are the Physical Properties?

Here are the

physical properties
of materials:

 Density
 Thermal
 Electrical
 Magnetic
 Optical
 Mechanical

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Question 1

Which of these is not a physical property of a material?

A) Chemical

B) Density

C) Electrical

D) Thermal

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Question 1

Which of these is not a physical property of a material?

A) Chemical

B) Density

C) Electrical

D) Thermal

Next >
 Density

Density is a measure of
how much material is
packed into a space.

Some materials, such as

metals, have a lot of material
packed into a space.

Other materials, such as balsa

wood or Styrofoam, have a lot
less material in the same space.

To compare densities, we take the same

volume of different materials and measure
the mass. Next >
Question 2

Which of these materials would you expect to have the lowest density?

A) Lead

B) Aluminum

C) Copper

D) Wood

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Question 2

Which of these materials would you expect to have the lowest density?

A) Lead

B) Aluminum

C) Copper

D) Wood

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Density

The density of water is

1,000 kg/m3.

Any material with a

density less than this
value will float in water.

Any material with a

density greater than
this value will not
float in water.

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Question 3

Here is a list of materials and their densities in kg/m³.

Cork – 180
Naphthalene – 1,150
Paraffin Wax – 890
Polythene – 930
Glycerol – 1,270
How many of these materials would float in water?

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Question 3

Here is a list of materials and their densities in kg/m³.

Cork – 180
Naphthalene – 1,150
Paraffin Wax – 890
Polythene – 930
Glycerol – 1,270
How many of these materials would float in water?

Cork, paraffin wax, and polythene all have densities less than water,
so they will float.

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Thermal
Important thermal
properties of interest to
engineers to engineers
include :

 The useful working

temperature range is
the optimal temperature
range for a material to
be worked with.
A ceramic block heated to 1,832 °F.
 The melting point is the Although the center of the brick is very
hot it can still be held
temperature that a
material starts to melt. Sample material (steel)

 Thermal conductivity is Material

Expands
Material
Expands
how well heat passes Flame
through a material.

 Expansion is an
increase in length
when it gets hot. Next >
Question 4

Here are the linear expansivity figures for four different metals, measured in
meters per °C. If all the metals are 1 m long and are heated up by 10 °C,
which one would then be the longest?

A) Metal 1

B) Metal 2

C) Metal 3

D) Metal 4

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Question 4

Here are the linear expansivity figures for four different metals, measured in
meters per °C. If all the metals are 1 m long and are heated up by 10 °C,
which one would then be the longest?

A) Metal 1

B) Metal 2

C) Metal 3

D) Metal 4

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Electrical

Here are some examples

of electrical properties:

 Electrical conductivity is
the ability to let electricity
pass through the material.

 Electrical resistance is the

ability to stop electricity
passing through the
material. If electricity does
not pass through it, we
call it an insulator.

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Question 5

“A very poor conductor of electricity would have a very high resistance, and
it would be called an insulator.”

Is this statement true or false?

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Question 5

“A very poor conductor of electricity would have a very high resistance, and
it would be called an insulator.”

Is this statement true or false?

True

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Magnetic
Ferromagnetism is the magnetic
property of a material. It is its
ability to be magnetized.

Some ferromagnetic materials

can be magnetized permanently,
for example, steel.

Some ferromagnetic materials

can only be magnetized
temporarily, for example, iron.

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Question 6

“An electromagnet is a magnet that can be turned on and off. It has a core
of ferromagnetic material.”

Would this be a material that can be magnetized permanently?

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Question 6

“An electromagnet is a magnet that can be turned on and off. It has a core
of ferromagnetic material.”

Would this be a material that can be magnetized permanently?

No

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Optical

Here are some examples

of optical properties:

 Reflection

 Refraction

 Color (absorption
and reflection)

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Question 7

Which of the following correctly describes refraction?

A) When light bounces off a shiny surface

B) When an object changes color in different light

C) When light splits into its component colors

D) When light changes direction as it goes from one medium to another

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Question 7

Which of the following correctly describes refraction?

A) When light bounces off a shiny surface

B) When an object changes color in different light

C) When light splits into its component colors

D) When light changes direction as it goes from one medium to another

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 Mechanical Properties
Material
Direction of Direction of
Force Force
A mechanical property is the one
which associated with how a material
behaves when subject to a force. eg:

 Strength (The material’s

ability to resist a force
without breaking.)

 Elasticity (The material’s

ability to return to its original
shape after being deformed.)

 Plasticity (The material’s

ability to deform to a stretched
state when a load is applied.)

Other mechanical properties of a

material are malleability, and
brittleness Next >
Question 8

What property does a material have if it returns to its original shape after
being deformed?

A) Elasticity

B) Plasticity

C) Strength

D) Resistivity

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Question 8

What property does a material have if it returns to its original shape after
being deformed?

A) Elasticity

B) Plasticity

C) Strength

D) Resistivity

Next >
Examples of Physical Property Implementation
The aircraft shows how
physical properties influence
Fuselage
the use of materials:

 The fuselage is made of

low density materials,
such as composites.

 The engine cover has

high thermal conductivity Engine Cover
to draw heat away from
the engine.
Cockpit Glass

 The glass of the cockpit

has a low index of
refraction and high
transparency. A filter
reduces UV rays.

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Question 9

Why do you think an aircraft fuselage is made of low density material?

A) So that it could float if the aircraft lands on water

B) So that it is light

C) So that is strong

D) So that it has a low thermal expansion

Next >
Question 9

Why do you think an aircraft fuselage is made of low density material?

A) So that it could float if the aircraft lands on water

B) So that it is light

C) So that is strong

D) So that it has a low thermal expansion

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 Summary

In this presentation you have seen:

 that density, thermal conductivity, electrical

conductivity, magnetic, optical, and mechanical are
all physical properties
 Group Work
Material Applications
Work in PAIRS to answer these questions:

In pairs decide on a product to make, design

your product including diagrams, drawings or
photos of your product and decide on
materials to be sued to make your product.

List the materials, their key properties and

reasons why you think materials you have
selected is best suitable for your product
application.

End