1. How are information systems transforming business and what is their relationship to globalization?

Information System is- : Information systems are a combination of multiple resources, including
hardware, software, computer system connections and end users. These resources help with the
processing and dissemination of information. Information systems collect store and process data for
end users in various projects.

There are several types of information systems:

1. Internal Control
2. Transparency
3. Efficiency and Efficacy.
Information systems are the foundation of fast-paced supply chains. The internet allows many
businesses to buy, sell, advertise, and solicit customer feedback online. Organizations are trying
to become more competitive and efficient by digitally enabling their core business processes and
evolving into digital firms. The Internet has stimulated globalization by dramatically reducing the
costs of producing, buying, and selling goods on a global scale. New information system trends
include the emerging mobile digital platform, online software as a service, and cloud computing.

Through the information system globalization is now easier, through information system a
company can buy or sell thongs in all over the world. A company like Amazon can expand itself
in all over the world. Take any example like Google, Microsoft, Facebook, Amazon, Alibaba,
Tata etc.

2. Why are information systems so essential for running and managing a business today?

Information systems help in developing businesses by associated with one another to collect
process and produce information from various sources. The collection of information and sharing

with the associates helps in making the right decisions and to control, organize the company.

Information systems helps in maintaining the company by coordinating the employees, customers,
clients and other members associated with the company to make decisions, promotion

sell and buy products. Information systems help in communicating with people from any part of the
world through emails, phone and social networking. Information systems also facilitate the

company by buying products, selling, promoting and providing customer services through online.

Information systems help in building up the business and overcoming the challenges that come
across.

The reasons for the information systems to be important for business are

1. Operational excellence: Business always needs to improve and develop the efficiency in their
working process in order to achieve profits. Information systems help in achieving the required
efficiency and profits by managing and controlling the operations of the business.

2. New products, services and business models: Information systems and technologies help in
developing new products and services along with new models to develop and promote the business.
The new business models include online purchase, selling and delivery of the

products. Information systems help in providing better services to the customers.

3. Customer and supplier relationship: businesses can be developed when there is a good relation
between customer and client. Information systems helps in maintaining a good relation

between supplier and customers that leads to good revenue and profits. The more the business
engages with its suppliers the more will be the response from the suppliers leading to better
business.

4. Improved decision-making: Most of the business managers does not have adequate information
about the market and may not take correct decisions when required. information systems helps in
gaining knowledge from various sources through internet and helps in taking

better decisions for the development of the business.

5. Competitive advantage: The challenges that come across during the business can be overcome
with the help of information systems. Information systems helps in fulfilling the objectives of the
business, promoting products, selling products, purchasing products,

maintaining good customer and supplier relationships along with improved decision making.

These all are achieving competitive advantage.

6. Survival: The investment in the business can be made through information systems in order to
overcome the challenges that occur in the processing of the business and withstand the competition
in the market. Information systems help in challenging the competitors and surviving in the market.

The challenges of the globalization are to develop good communication skills and attain experience
for all the employees and people associated with the company. The products and the goods can be
promoted easily and comfortably with less expenditure by using the information systems. Information
systems along with the skills help in challenging the competitors in the market. The opportunities of
the globalization are immense. The organizations can achieve good profits at lower expenditure with
the talent and exposure to the world market. Globalization has created various jobs in the field of
information technologies and systems that requires knowledge in the field of information systems to
innovate new ideologies.
3. What exactly is an information system? How does it work? What are its management, organization,
and technology components?

Information system is a way to collect, store and share data related to business.This data is related
to all the functional departments . This data could be regarding financial plans, purchase history,
sales , customer base , vendor base, manufacturing units data,etc.Many softwares are available
these days to store and analyse this data. SAP, JDA software are examples of such softwares.
These softwares allow different users to access the data.

The people component relates to solving issues such as training, management behavior, and job
attitudes. Thhe organization component deals with how bussiness is being operated, organisational
structure, culture of the organization. Technology component is about the company's computer
system, data management, telecommunicating, internet, and intranet.

4. What are complementary assets? Why are complementary assets essential for ensuring that
information systems provide genuine value for an organization?

Complementary assets are those tools which are defined as the total economic value added by
merging complementary factors in a production system. It is to be believed that the two assets are
said to be complements when investment  in one asset increases the marginal return on the other.

In order to acquire meaningful value from information systems, corporations must support their
investments in technology with appropriate complementary investments in businesses and
management. These complementary assets involve new business models and industry processes,
supportive corporate culture and management behaviour, suitable technology standards,
regulations, and laws. New information technology ventures are unlikely to produce high returns
unless firms make the appropriate managerial and organizational changes to support the
technology.

5. What academic disciplines are used to study information systems? How does each contribute to an
understanding of information systems? What is a sociotechnical systems perspective?
a- There is no primary theory which can be used to study the information systems. Both the
academic and technical methods can be sued to have the academic study of the same.

From the technical perspective, different types of methods such as computer science, operational
research, and management science can be involved in it. The theories of computability, different
computation methods required for effective data storage and access are created in computer
science. On the other hand, the main focus of the management science remains n the development
of different models involved in the decision making and management practices While mathematical
methods are used in case of operations dimension.

b-:- Psychology, economics, and sociology are the elements which are incorporated in behavioral
approach. Sociologists deal with the information system having the focus on the groups and
organizations and the way they form and develop the systems and how different individual, groups
and organizations are influenced by these systems.

Psychologists mainly deal the information system with a view of formal information is utilized by the
decision makers
An information system is analyzed by the economists having he focus on the greater understanding
of the production of total offerings, different factors involved in the digital markets and the way these
information systems modify the control and cost setup in the organization.

c :- In the case of a sociotechnical aspect of the system, it is possible to attain optimal organizational
performance with the help of the combined optimization of both the social and technical setup
utilized in the production. The main focus of this system remains on the required for optimization of
the performances of the firm.