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Fault Detection Devices

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Raneem khaled
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© © All Rights Reserved
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
23 views

Fault Detection Devices

Uploaded by

Raneem khaled
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Function :

• Ideal for fast inspections in food preparation, life sciences, and field use
• Quick temperature measurement from less than 12 inches—take readings of any
liquid, solid, or semisolid in less than one second
• Our most economical units
• Models small enough to fit in a shirt pocket
• Adjustable emissivity available

operation :
The sensor in a non contact infrared thermometer (IRT) collects a small amount of
energy (usually 0.0001 watt) radiated from the target, generates an electrical signal
that is amplified by a precision amplifier and converted into voltage output. A
processor digitizes the signal by a 16bit Analog-to-Digital Converter, an Arithmetic
Unit solves a temperature equation based on Planck’s Radiation Law, compensates
for the ambient temperature and emissivity resulting in a temperature reading within
a fraction of a second after you push the “trigger” on the non infrared thermometer.
function :
IR thermometers can be used to serve a wide variety of temperature monitoring
functions. A few examples include:

• Checking for hot spots in firefighting

• Checking mechanical or electrical equipment for temperature and hot spots

• Checking heater or oven temperature, for calibration and control

• Monitoring materials in processes involving heating or cooling.

Operation :
Different surface types emit different amounts of infrared energy. Emissivity is the
measure of an object's ability to emit infrared energy. Emitted energy indicates the
temperature of the object. Emissivity can have a value from 0 (e.g., a shiny surface,
such as a mirror) to 1.0 (blackbody). Most organic, painted, or oxidized surfaces have
emissivity values close to 0.95. Some infrared thermometers have a fixed emissivity
setting (usually of 0.95 or 0.97) that attempts to simplify their operation while leaving
them suitable for most material surfaces. Other infrared thermometers come with
adjustable emissivity settings, so you can more accurately prepare your thermometer
for the type of surface being measured.
Temperature Measurement:
To measure temperature, point the thermometer at an object and pull the trigger.
You can use the laser pointer to help aim the thermometer. You may also insert the K-
type thermocouple probe for contact measurement. Be sure to consider distance-to-
spot size ratio and field of view (see “Distance and Spot Size” and “Field of View”). The
temperature appears on the display. Note The laser is used for aiming purposes only
and is not related to temperature measurement. The thermometer features an auto
off function that automatically powers down the thermometer after 20 seconds of
inactivity. To turn the thermometer on, pull the trigger.
Function:
• Measuring environmental noise
• Measuring occupational noise
• Frequency analysis of sound sources

Data Operations :
The sound level meter’s 〈Data〉 push key allows you to print your measurement
results (data) and control the sound level meter’s memory. It operates on a similar
principle as Settings except that you press 〈Data〉 instead of 〈Show〉. In addition, the
sound level meter returns to the main screen after you have accepted changes to the
selected operation. There are four data operations, each with its own screen.

• Print
• Store
• Recall

• Erase
To measure the amount of noise by the device you will have to:
Press The sound level meter switches on. After a self-test, the sound level meter
is set up in Pause mode in the default set-up. The quasi-analogue scale shows the
input signal to the preamplifier and displayed parameter shows the current SPL. The
buffer, log and memory are empty. Since the displayed parameter (SPL) is an RMS
parameter, you can see the frequency weighting of the RMS signal (shown in the
bottom right-hand corner of the screen). See the fold out back cover for more details
of the main screen.
Function:
One of the worlds’ most advanced digital ultrasonic detection systems

Can be used for ALL ultrasound applications & programs


• Setup bearing data collection routes, analyze & create lubrication routes
• Inspect electrical systems for faults, analyze on the spot & report
• Inspect for faulty steam traps
• Find your leaks & report cost per leak with DMS reporting.

Operation :

DISPLAY PANEL
When the trigger is pressed to turn the instrument on, the Display Panel will display
the decibel and bar graph intensity levels. The sensitivity level will be displayed in the
upper left corner. The storage location number will be shown in the upper right
corner. The Battery Charge level is shown in the right side of the display.
BAR GRAPH DISPLAY
The bar graph has 16 segments. At the end of the bar graph is a vertical line, which
indicates the maximum intensity. This is a maximum level hold function. When in
operation, the bar graph will move up and down the scale as an indication of the
amplitude of a sensed ultrasound. The maximum level indicator will remain at the
highest sensed intensity during an inspection until: 1. A new maximum reading is
detected, or 2. The trigger is released, and the instrument is turned off. At which time
it will reset.

TO ADJUST THE SENSITIVITY


Look at the display and note the “S =” value. If the instrument is within range, a dB
(decibel) value will be displayed. The maximum sensitivity value is 70; the minimum is
0. To reduce the sensitivity/volume, rotate the dial counter clockwise. To increase the
sensitivity, rotate the dial clockwise. The Sensitivity control dial increases/decreases
the sensitivity of the instrument simultaneously with the sound level in the
headphones.
NOTE: The instrument needs to be in range for accurate testing.
If the sensitivity is too low, a blinking arrow pointing to the right will appear and there
will be no numeric decibel visible in the display panel. If this occurs, increase the
sensitivity until the arrow disappears (in extreme low level sound environments the
arrow will blink continuously, and It will not be possible to achieve a dB indication
until a higher intensity level is sensed). If the sensitivity is too high, a blinking arrow
pointing to the left will appear and there will be no numeric decibel visible on the
display panel. Reduce the sensitivity until the arrow disappears and the numeric
decibel value is shown.
NOTE: The blinking arrow indicates the direction in which the Sensitivity Control Dial
is to be turned when out of range. The Sensitivity Control Dial affect the bar graph
display. The more sound that is received, the higher the bar graph. The less sound
that is received, the lower the bar graph. FREQUENCY

This instrument is set to the peak frequency response of the transducers which is 40
kHz. It is non-adjustable.

TO STORE A READING
There are 2 types of storage modes: Normal and Quick.
FOR “NORMAL” STORAGE Firmly “Click” (press) the Sensitivity Dial. The Storage
location will blink, and the phrase SPIN/CLICK will appear on the bottom of the display
panel. If you wish to use a storage location other than the one shown, “spin” the
Sensitivity dial up (clockwise) or down (counter clockwise) to the desired location. If
the Storage Location is the one you chose to use, click the Sensitivity Dial again and
you will see a prompt on the bottom of the display panel: STORE? YES. If you want to
store the data, “click” the Sensitivity Dial once more and the record is stored at the
set location. The Storage Location number will automatically move up to the next
sequential number. If you chose not to store the record, “spin” the Sensitivity Dial and
you will see the word NO, “click” the Sensitivity Dial and you will return to the
operation mode.

For “Quick” Storage - see Set Up Mode, “Menu 05; Store Mode” to change this setting
Firmly “Click” (press) the Sensitivity Dial once and the record is stored. The Storage
Location number will automatically move up to the next sequential number.

TO OVERWRITE DATA OR TO ENTER DATA IN A NEW LOCATION


Click (press in) the Sensitivity dial button; the Storage Location number will blink. Spin
the Sensitivity Dial until the desired storage location is displayed on the screen Click
the Sensitivity Dial again and the prompt STORE, YES? will appear. To store the new
information in that location, “click” the Sensitivity Dial again and the record will be
over written.

TO DOWNLOAD THE INFORMATION


Refer to Setup Mode, “Menu [01] Send Records.

Function :
A stroboscope, also known as a strobe, is an instrument used to make a cyclically
moving object appear to be slow-moving, or stationary. It consists of either a rotating
disk with slots or holes or a lamp such as a flashtube which produces brief repetitive
flashes of light. Usually, the rate of the stroboscope is adjustable to different
frequencies. When a rotating or vibrating object is observed with the stroboscope at
its vibration frequency (or a submultiple of it), it appears stationary. Thus
stroboscopes are also used to measure frequency.
The principle is used for the study
of rotating, reciprocating, oscillating or vibrating objects. Machine parts and vibrating
string are common examples. A stroboscope used to set the ignition timing of internal
combustion engines is called a timing light

OPERATION Power ON/OFF:


Open the battery compartment cover on the back of the unit and place the batteries
in the battery holder properly. Then press and hold the Power Switch . The display will
turn on and show the initial lowest factory default flash rate of 4000 RPM. If a Pre-
Stored rate has been stored during a previous use, the last Pre-Stored rate will be
shown. Coarse tuning is the default. Press and hold again to turn the instrument off.
Turn on the LED’s with the LED Flash Switch (A). The LED’s will remain flashing at the
rate set on the display for as long as the button is held. Once released, the LED’s will
turn off. To alter between Coarse and Fine tuning, select the (D) FINE ADJUST button
to change from Coarse to Fine adjustment. Press again to switch back to Coarse.
When in Fine adjustment mode, “FINE” icon will appear on the display. Adjust the
flash speed with the & buttons (B & C). In coarse tuning each single press of the &
buttons the value of the flash speed will increase/decrease by 100 RPM when the
range is greater than 1000 RPM or 10 RPM when less than 1000 RPM. In fine tuning
each single press of the or buttons increases/decreases the value by 1 RPM when
greater than 1000 RPM, or 0.1 RPM when less than 1000 RPM. Hold the or buttons to
continue to increment continuously. Note: Once the maximum of 40000 or minimum
of 60 RPM is met while adjusting the rate, the device will automatically stop at those
thresholds. To retrieve and utilize the 10 Pre-Set flash rates (RPM’s), push the
Power/READ button . Each press of the button will cycle to the next successive Pre-
Set value. To save new Pre-Set Flash Rates into storage, adjust the speed to the
desired setting, then press the Pre-Set rate storage button (F) in the center of the
button panel. That rate setting will now be stored into position 1 (4000) of the factory
presets. To store values in locations 2-10, press the button to view a factory Pre-Set
rate. Adjust to a new desired rate with the & adjustment buttons. Then, press the
Flash Rate storage button (F) to override the selected Pre-Set Storage rate position.
Repeat to adjust the remaining Pre-Set rate storage locations. The next time the unit
is turned on, the last rate stored will be displayed and ready for use. To measure
rotation speed, direct the light source onto the rotating surface of an object, observe
the light spot and adjust the flash rate. If the flashing frequency is adjusted to the
same rotation speed of the object, the target object will appear to be static or
motionless when in actuality the equipment is still moving. With a slight adjustment
of the flash rate, movement can also be viewed in an apparent slow motion. The
operator can study the process in action in either a slowed or static state to review
for proper performance.
If the surface being viewed is uneven or contains asymmetric texts, images or marks,
the persistence of a pattern will become obvious when the texts, images etc begin to
slow down and become static. When the image or device moving appears static, view
the RPM on the display. This is the speed to record of the system being viewed. To
utilize the ST-1000 as a Tachometer and measure the true revolutions per minute
(RPM):

1. Mark the object to be measured by either visually noting


an inherent distinguishing character, such as a label, scratch,
etc., or physically mark the object with a pen, tape or similar.

2. Turn on Power
3. Adjust RPM on display to highest setting
4. Push LED Flash Switch
5. Adjust the Flash Rate Value (RPM) downward
6. The true revolutions per minute (RPM) can be noted once
the action appears frozen and the first single image of the
mark appears (see chart and diagram below for further explanation)
7. To verify the revolution (RPM) reading, adjust the rate to half the rate
Function :
Tachometers are designed to measure the rotational speed of a shaft or disc while
the machine is in motion. Available as a handheld or fixed-mount models depending
on if they are to be used as permanent monitoring or spot-checking tools,
tachometers use a light source or spinning wheel to make measurements. They are
ideal for monitoring turbine and machine health.

Operation:
1. Insert gauge into panel and install bracket over mounting studs. Install a nut
and washer on each mounting stud as shown.
2. Tighten washers and nuts on studs until gauge can no longer be rotated by
hand. CAUTION: OVERTORQUING OF NUTS MAY CRACK GAUGE HOUSING OR
MOUNTING PANEL. 3.
3. Connect wiring to gauge terminals using washers and nuts supplied. Use wire
colours conforming to existing required colour codes.
4. Using either black or white wire (to conform to previous wiring) run a lead
from the 'GND' (Ground) terminal on the gauge to the electrical system
ground.
5. Run a lead from the 'LT' (light) terminal on the gauge to the panel light switch
or the 'L' terminal of another Teleflex gauge.
6. Run a lead from the 'IGN' terminal on the gauge to a convenient 12vdc
positive source, that switches On and Off as the engine is running/not running.
7. For Tachometers using an alternator type sender, run a lead from the ìSENDî
terminal on the gauge to the terminal on the alternator marked 'R', 'W', or
'AC'.
8. For tachometers using a pulse generator or magnetic proximity type sender,
run a lead from the 'SEND' terminal on the gauge to one terminal on the
sender. Run a lead from 'GND' terminal on the gauge (there will be two leads
on this terminal) to the other terminal of the sender. The 'SEND' can be
connected to either wire of the sender as long as ground is connected to the
other one.
Function:
Measurement of machine condition for maintenance purposes
Vibration Severity measurements of rotating and reciprocating machinery
Production quality control
Occupational health investigations of powered hand-tools

Vibration and shock testing


General vibration measurements for design, research and development work.

Operation:
TAKING A VIBRATION MEASUREMENT

The procedure for taking a vibration measurement with the 2513 or 2516 is as
follows:
1. Connect up the Accelerometer and mount it on the vibrating object Using a
miniature screwdriver such as QA 0001, set WEIGHTING SELECTOR to "H-A" for
Hand-Arm measurements to ISO/DP 5349, "Sev" for Vibration Severity
measurements to ISO 2954, or "Lin" for wide;.band measurements (1 O Hz to 1 O
kHz), as required.
2. Set RANGE SELECTOR to the upper "Acc." or "Vel." position as required. For
Hand-Arm and Vibration Severity measurements it should be set to the upper
"Vel." position. For parameter selection with wide-band measurements, refer to
the discussion in the booklet "Measuring Vibration"
3. . Set FUNCTION SELECTOR as required. Refer to Chapters 1 and 2 for full
descriptions of the four functions, and to "Measuring Vibration" for a discussion
of the methods of quantifying vibration level.
4. Switch the Vibration Meter on (if it is off) by pressing ON/OFF once, and wait 3 s
for it to warm up/reset. The instrument turns itself off automatically two minutes
after the operation of any of the controls, to conserve the batteries. This
automatic switch-off may be prevented by inserting the 2,5 mm sub-miniature
jack-plug JP 0213 supplied into the AC OUT socket.
5. If the displayed indication does not rise above the lower end of the scale, set
RANGE SELECTOR one position lower.
6. If DISPLAY overload indications are experienced which cannot satisfactorily be
prevented by changing the RANGE SELECTOR setting, the cause may be high
frequencies overloading the input circuits of the Vibration Meter. These usually
result from unsatisfactory mounting of the Accelerometer , Mount the
Accelerometer more securely, or remount it using a method known to give a
better highfrequency response, or use a Mechanical Filter UA 0559 (available as
an accessory). The details of how the DISPLAY indicates the vibration level , and
summarized in .

Function :
The machine is designed for balancing wheels of cars, light commercial vehicles or
motorcycles weighing less than 75 kg. It can be operated in a temperature range of 0°
to + 45° C. The following functions are provided: ALU-S; SPLIT; Unbalance
optimisation; Auto diagnostics; Autocalibration.

Operation :
The machine is supplied with single phase mains cable plus earth (ground) ,the supply
voltage and mains frequency are given.

The connection should be caried out by an expert person.


The machine should sturt up without proper earth connection
Function :
1) Designed to measure flue gases on:
• Boilers
• Burners
• Engines
2) Developed to meet the customers need
3) High quality combustion gas analyzer using the latest sensor technology
4) Easy to use and measures all the important parameters to adjust and
optimize the combustion process
5) Integrated Printer: each printout includes all information on the display
Applications: Boilers, Burners, Engines, Turbines, Cars, Trucks, Plants, Chemical
Industries, Steel Plants, Refineries, etc.

Operation:
The gas analyzer measures trace gases by determining the absorption of an emitted
infrared light source through a certain air sample. ... The concept behind the
technology can be understood as testing how much of the light is absorbed by the air.
Different molecules in the air absorb different frequencies of light

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