Aspen Plus 12.1 Instructional Tutorials: - University of Washington Department of Chemical Engineering

___
University of Washington
Department of Chemical Engineering
ASPEN PLUS 12.1

Instructional Tutorials
Developed in the Fall Quarter of 2004

in Chem E 435 (Mass Transfer and Separation)
Matthew Bernards
René Overney
This Tutorial was developed with the Windows Version of ASPEN PLUS 12.1. Our Site
License allows us to install a software version on the personal computer of the instructor
and TA. The Tutorial was developed with the idea in mind that it is used and extended in
other courses of the ChemE Curriculum. As it currently stands, the tutorial is applicable
for students in:
ChemE 310 (Unit Operations): Tutorial Units 1-3,
ChemE 326 (Thermodynamics): Tutorial Units 4 and 5,
ChemE 435 (Mass Transfer and Separations): Tutorial Units 3-6.
Additional unit developments are suggested for:
• Chemical Reactions (ChemE 465)
• Chemical Reactor Design (ChemE 465)
• Heat Streams (ChemE 340 / ChemE 435)
• Heat Exchanger Design (ChemE 340)
• Pressure Drop Calculations (pipe, pumps, valves, etc.) (ChemE 330)
• Using Fortran Statements (ChemE 465)
The ASPEN 10.1 Tutorial developed in ChemE 310 by Martin and Babb would provide
some background information on Fortran Statements, Chemical Reactions and Heat
Streams and Heat Exchanger Design.
A fast printable PDF version of this Tutorial and a MS-Word version for further unit
developments and improvements can be downloaded at
http://courses.washington.edu/overney/ChemE435.html.
Table of Contents:
Tutorial #1: Aspen Basics 2
Tutorial #2: Convergence and Presentation of Results 11
with Homework and Solution 19
Tutorial #3: Flash Separation 21
Tutorial #4: Thermodynamic Methods 32
Tutorial #5: Sensitivity Analysis and Transport Properties 39
Tutorial #6: Distillation 52
Final Homework and Solution 69
2
Aspen Tutorial #1: Aspen Basics
Outline:
• Introduction to Aspen
• Problem Description
• Beginning a Simulation
• Navigating the Aspen Window
• Creating a Process Flowsheet
• Data Input
• Running the Simulation
Introduction:
In industry complicated problems are often not solved by hand for two reasons: human
error and time constraints. There are many different simulation programs used in
industry depending on the field, application, and desired simulation products (entire
process unit, one piece of equipment, etc.). When used to its full capabilities, Aspen can
be a very powerful tool for a Chemical Engineer in a variety of fields including oil and
gas production, refining, chemical processing, environmental studies, and power
generation to name a few.
Over the course of these tutorials, you will be introduced to some of the basic features of
Aspen as we build a simulation of an acetone/water extraction-distillation process. This
problem is based very loosely on Example Problem 4.4-2 in Elementary Principles of
Chemical Process by Felder and Rousseau. Because we will build on our existing
simulation with each tutorial, it is highly recommended that you save your work every
week so you do not have to start from scratch each time. The homework problems will
emphasize one particular feature of Aspen that is covered in the tutorial for that week.
Problem Description:
A mixture containing 50.0 wt% acetone and 50.0 wt% water is to be separated into two
streams – one enriched in acetone and the other in water. The separation process consists
of extraction of the acetone from the water into methyl isobutyl ketone (MIBK), which
dissolves acetone but is nearly immiscible with water. The overall goal of this problem is
to separate the feed stream into two streams which have greater than 90% purity of water
and acetone respectively.
This week we will begin by learning the basics of running Aspen and building a process
flowsheet. This will be one of the longest tutorials of the quarter as it introduces you to a
number of features that must be understood to complete even a basic simulation. Our
goal at the end of this tutorial is to understand some of the features of Aspen while
creating a simulation of the mixture of a feed stream of 100 lbs/hr of the 50/50 acetone-
water mix with a solvent stream of 100 lbs/hr of MIBK.
3
Beginning a Simulation:
1. Start the Aspen program. It can be found in the start menu under:
Start/Programs/ChemE/Aspen Plus User Interface
2. Choose what type of simulation you would like to use. Later on in the quarter
you will want to open up an existing simulation, but now we will use the template
option.
The window that appears can be seen in Figure 1. I mention it to again highlight
the variety of problems that Aspen can solve as seen by the number of available
templates.
Figure 1: Available Simulation Templates
We will use the General with English Units option.
3. When the Connect to Engine window appears, use the default Server Type (Local
PC).
Navigating the Aspen Window:

Figure 2, on the next page shows the Aspen process flowsheet window. Some of the
features are highlighted in the Figure and the most general of these will be discussed in
the sections that follow.
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Some things worth mentioning:
• Your simulation efforts will be greatly aided by becoming familiar with the
toolbar features. This will eliminate the need to search through the menu bar for
the various features.
• Hitting the arrow on the side of either a piece of equipment or the stream will
present a number of options for that particular item.
• The status bar will tell the user what each piece of equipment will do. This is
useful when selecting pieces of equipment like columns or reactors for more
complicated simulation work.
• The simulation status in the bottom right hand corner will notify the user when all
of the required data has been input and the simulation can be run.
Toolbar Features
Select Mode
Button
Stream
Library Equipment Model
Library
Status Bar Simulation Status
Figure 2: Process Flowsheet Window
Creating a Process Flowsheet:

To place a unit operation (or piece of equipment) into the flowsheet window, select it
from the Equipment Model Library and then click on the flowsheet window where you
would like the piece of equipment to appear. Do this for each piece of equipment that
you would like to add to your simulation. For this week’s simulation you will only need
to add one Stream Mixer (found in the Mixers/Splitters Tab). You may want to go
through the rest of the Equipment Model Library to see what other types of equipment
are available in this program.
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It should be pointed out that after adding your desired unit operations you must click on
the Select Mode Button to reposition or resize the icon. If you do not select this button,
you will continue to add equipment to the process flowsheet. To delete extraneous
equipment, simply highlight that object and hit the delete key on the keyboard.
To add Material Streams to your simulation select the appropriate stream from the Stream
Library (other options include heat and work, but we will not be using those at this time).
It should be pointed out that Aspen has a feature that will indicate to you where streams
are required. When you select the material stream option, a number of arrows will appear
on each of the unit operations. Red arrows indicate a required stream and blue arrows
indicate an optional stream. This is shown in Figure 3 below.
Streams can be added by clicking on the process flowsheet where you would like the
stream to begin and clicking again where you would like the stream to end. To connect
to a piece of equipment you must have the desired stream type selected and then begin or
end on one of the arrows shown on the piece of equipment (depending on if your stream
is a feed to or product from the equipment). In a similar fashion to the equipment, each
click will add a new stream to the process flowsheet until you click on the Select Mode
Button.
Required
Stream Optional
Stream
Figure 3: Required Stream Locations
For this tutorial, you will need to add two streams feeding into the mixer, and one product
stream leaving the mixer.
Some features of Aspen that should be mentioned at this point are the ability to rotate,
resize, and rename both the streams and the unit operations. To do this, simply select the
object that you would like to manipulate and right click on it. This will present you with
a number of options for changing each object. I would recommend renaming both the
material streams and the mixer to names that will better distinguish them (rather than the
default numbers and letters).
At this point your process flowsheet should be complete and it should somewhat
resemble the one shown in Figure 4. Notice the simulation status has been changed from
“Flowsheet not Complete” to “Required Input Incomplete”.
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Figure 4: Completed Mixer Flowsheet
Data Input:
All of the data input for Aspen is entered in the Data Browser window. This window can
be opened by clicking on the eyeglass icon or by going to Data/Data Browser in the
Menu Bar. Aspen has two features in the Data Browser window that can both help and
hurt the user. The first of these can be seen on the right hand side. Aspen highlights the
areas where the input has been complete and has not been completed with the use of
either a blue check mark or a half filled red circle, as seen in Figure 5. However, you can
not always assume that all of the required input has been entered, especially if you are
simulating a more complex problem. This feature will only track the minimal data input
required to run a simulation and may cause problems in getting simulations to converge
successfully. I recommend going through each icon on the left hand side one by one to
make sure that you input all of the desired data for your particular application.
Aspen also has a tool in the toolbar that will automatically take the user through the
required data input in a stepwise fashion. The button that does this is the blue N with the
arrow (Next), also seen in Figure 5. Again, this feature steps through only the minimal
data input and I would recommend avoiding the use of it until you are more experienced
with Aspen.
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Next Buttons
Input Complete
Input Incomplete
Figure 5: Data Browser Window
Under the Setup tab, in the Specifications folder you can input features such as a
simulation title and a description of the project that you are working on. These are useful
features for tracking your work and for tracking changes that you make to your work over
time. Other features that are worth mentioning are the Units-Sets option and the Report
Options. In the Units-Sets tab a user can input a new base set of units based on what they
would like for their specific application. For now we will stick with the default base set.
Under the Report Options the user can change how and what information is provided
after a simulation is completed and converged. We will discuss this more thoroughly in
next week’s tutorial.
Under the Components tab the user will input what components will be used in this
simulation. Aspen has a huge database of commonly used (and some not so commonly
used) components and their physical properties. It also has an option where a user can
define components that are not included in the database. Under the Specifications option
we will input our components in the Selection tab. In the box marked component name,
enter each of the components one at a time and hit the enter key. When you enter Methyl
Isobutyl Ketone the find wizard will open up. Select MIBK from the list of possible
matches, hit the add button, and then close the find window. You must also input a
Component ID for all of the components (although a default one will appear for MIBK).
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If you do not, the program will not recognize that component later on. When you have
entered all three components your screen should look similar to that in Figure 6.
Figure 6: Component Selection
This is the only option where we will need to input data under the Components tab. It
should be noted that there are a number of options for entering pseudo components or
refining crude assays, etc. which is a commonly used feature in some industrial
applications.
The user input under the Property tab is probably the most critical input required to run a
successful simulation. This key input is the Base Method found under the Specifications
option. The Base Method is the thermodynamic basis for all of the simulation
calculations and this will be discussed in much greater detail in a later tutorial. For now
select the Ideal method. In future applications, you may wish to use a Process type that is
specific to your particular project. However, for now we will stick with the default All
and this will complete our inputs under the Properties tab. The completed Property tab
screen is shown in Figure 7.
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Figure 7: Completed Properties Screen
Under the Streams tab, we will enter in all of the specifications for each of the feed
streams one at a time. Remember one feed stream is 100 lbs/hr of a 50/50 wt% mixture
of Acetone and Water and the other stream is 100 lbs/hr of pure MIBK. For this
simulation we will use a temperature of 75° F and a pressure of 50 psi. Take notice of the
many ways you can input the stream data (i.e. temperature/pressure/vapor fraction,
mole/mass basis, and stream compositions based on percent flow/mass flow/mole flow
etc.). Input the appropriate data for both your feed and solvent streams (mine are named
Feed and MIBK1). You will either need to switch the basis for the streams or do some
hand calculations to convert the problem’s mass flow to the default mole flow (I suggest
switching the basis). When complete, the window should look like the one seen in Figure
8.
10
Figure 8: Completed Feed Stream Input
The final area that requires input is the Blocks tab. Open up this feature and the tab
corresponding to the mixer. Under this unit operation we have the option of forcing the
feed streams to mix at a desired pressure or with valid phases. In our mixer we are not
changing the temperature or pressure so we will specify that liquids are the only valid
phases because both of the feed streams are liquid at these conditions. After this is input
you will notice that the Simulation Status changes to “Required Input Complete”.
There are a number of other features in the Data Browser that we will work with over the
course of the quarter, but for now our input is complete and you are ready to run the
simulation.
Running the Simulation:

There are a few ways to run the simulation. The user could select either the Next button
in the toolbar which will tell you that all of the required inputs are complete and ask if
you would like to run the simulation. The user can also run the simulation by selecting
the run button in the toolbar (this is the button with a block arrow pointing to the right).
Finally, the user can go to run on the menu bar and select run.
After the simulation is run and converged, you will notice that the Results Summary Tab
on the Data Browser Window has a blue check mark. Clicking on that tab will open up
the Run Status. If your simulation has converged it should state “Calculations were
completed normally”. If you have received this message you have successfully
completed Tutorial #1.
Next week: Convergence and Presentation of Results
11
Aspen Tutorial #2: Convergence and Presentation of
Results
Outline:
• Checking Simulation Results
• Adding Stream Tables
• Adding Stream Conditions
• Printing from Aspen
• Viewing the Input Summary
This week we will be learning about some of the features that Aspen has for presenting
simulation results. We will also be covering the importance of checking for convergence
and making sure that the solutions determined by Aspen are reasonable. We will be
using our simulations from last week to cover these topics.
Checking Simulation Results:

One of the most important things to remember when using a computer simulation
program, in any application, is that incorrect input data or programming can lead to
solutions that are “correct” based on the program’s specifications, but unrealistic with
regards to real life applications (i.e. a distillation tower that can split crude oil into fuel
gas, gasoline, and asphalt on only one tray). For this reason it is very important that the
user complete at least some very basic checks and balances to make sure the simulation
results are reasonable, based on their experience and the expected results.
At the end of Tutorial #1 we had completed a simulation of the first mixer in our acetone
separation process. Reopen your simulation by using the “Open an Existing Simulation”
option. Because this tutorial was focused on learning the basics of Aspen, we did not
discuss checking your results. For this reason we will rerun our existing simulation.
To do this we must first reinitialize our simulation in order to delete the existing results.
This can be done by going to Run/Reinitialize in the menu bar. After selecting OK for
both of the windows that pop up when you select the reinitialize option, your simulation
will be reset (Note: This feature is useful when modifying an existing simulation and we
will use it a lot this quarter). Now that the simulation has been reset, run it again, but this
time use the next button. By using the next button to run the simulation, the program will
12
show you information about its convergence in a status window that otherwise does not
normally appear. If you run the simulation in another fashion, this status window can be
opened by selecting the Run Control Panel button in the toolbar. This window and the
Run Control Panel button can be seen in Figure 1.
Run Control
Panel Button
Figure 1: Convergence Status Window
Because our simulation is a very basic system you should not have convergence
difficulties. However, as our simulation progresses over the quarter, we will be adding
more complicated unit operations (equipment) which may require multiple iterations to
solve. In this case you will want to examine this status window closely to make sure that
the simulation did converge with reasonable tolerance. Some factors that lead to
convergence difficulties are a poor choice for the Base Method (thermodynamics) and the
addition of recycle streams. This status window will also list any warnings or errors that
may arise based on your input choices.
While our simulation converged normally, it does not necessarily mean that the solution
is reasonable. We will now proceed on to another basic check that should be done when
completing simulations. Close the status window by selecting the Run Control Panel
button. When this window is closed open up the Data Browser window.
Click on the Results Summary Tab and open up the Streams option. When you do this
you will be presented with a stream material summary table. While we expect Aspen to
be correct, it is advisable to run a few simple checks on the data presented in this table.
13
As mentioned above, Aspen can give “correct” but unreasonable results due to
convergence or the selected thermodynamics, so it is highly recommended that you verify
the results presented in this table. Some checks to perform include a quick material
balance, a quick heat balance, and a comparison to experimental or operating data if it is
available. Further along in your careers, you will be able to use your experience to notice
much more quickly if the results do not appear to be reasonable. However, even then you
should look at every number that is presented in the results. If your results appear to be
acceptable you can move on to adding the simulation results to the process flowsheet for
ease of presenting.
Adding Stream Tables:

Adding stream tables to the process flowsheet is a simple process, but we will first go
over some options for formatting and modifying your stream tables. On the current
screen you will see two of the options for varying the stream table: Display and Format.
Under the Display drop down menu there are two options, all streams or streams. The
streams option allows the user to choose which streams they would like presented, one by
one. Under the Format drop down menu there are a number of types of stream tables.
Each of the options presents the data in a slightly different fashion, depending on the
intended application. We will use the CHEM_E option this quarter. To add a stream
table, simply click on the Stream Table button and a stream table will be added to your
process flowsheet. These features are highlighted in Figure 2.
Stream Table
Button
Display Option Format Option
Figure 2: Stream Table Results
After you have added a stream table your process flowsheet should look similar to that
seen in Figure 3.
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Figure 3: Process Flowsheet with Stream Table
There is one other location where the user can modify the appearance and content of
stream tables. In the Data Browser window, under the Setup tab there is an option
entitled Report Options. In this option there is a tab labeled Stream which is shown in
Figure 4. You will notice that the user can add to or reduce from the number of items to
be included in the stream report (flow basis, fraction basis, etc.). The user can also
change the sized of the stream format from standard to wide. However, if you change
any of these features after your simulation has been run and converged, they will not
appear in your stream table until you have rerun the simulation. At this point make sure
that your stream table is set up to report the mole flow basis and the mass fraction basis,
and rerun your simulation. Your process flowsheet should now look like that seen in
Figure 5. You will notice the stream table that you have added to the process flowsheet
should automatically update with the new stream table conditions that you have input.
However, if it does not, simply click on the stream table and then click on the process
flowsheet window and the table will update.
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Figure 4: Stream Options
Figure 5: Updated Stream Table
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Adding Stream Conditions:
In a large simulation, it is often useful to add stream conditions directly to the streams
themselves so the user doesn’t have to search through a large stream table for values.
While this is not the case in our simulation we will now add the temperature and pressure
to each of the streams to learn how to do this.
This can be done in the Options window under Tools in the menu bar shown in Figure 6.
When you have opened the Options window, click on the Results View Tab. Select the
Temperature and Pressure options and hit OK. You will notice those two properties will
now be shown on your process flow worksheet as shown in Figure 7. The format of these
variables can be changed in the Options window by changing the symbology in the
Format box. The only value you will likely change is the number in the box – this
represents the number of decimal places in the displayed values. We will not change this
now.
Figure 6: Options Window
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Figure 7: Updated Process Flowsheet
Printing from Aspen:

Printing a process flowsheet can be completed quite easily from the print button on the
toolbar. However, the user may want to select only a portion of a process flowsheet to
print. To do this, either right click on the flowsheet window and select Page Break
Preview, or go to View/Page Break Preview in the menu bar. Doing so will place a grey
box around your entire process diagram in the flowsheet window as shown in Figure 8.
This box represents the area that will be printed, similar to the print preview option in
other programs. This box can be moved around on the screen and/or reduced/enlarged to
fit the user’s need. When the box is positioned to the users need, the flowsheet can be
printed as mentioned above.
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Figure 8: Page Break Preview
Viewing the Input Summary:

Another way for an Aspen user to present their results is through the program’s Input
Summary. This is a useful way to check your input data for errors (or for a supervisor to
check a junior engineer’s work quickly to look for bad assumptions etc.). The input
summary is easily produced by going to View/Input Summary in the menu bar. The
summary will be opened up in Notepad and it can be saved or printed directly from here.
Next week: Flash Distillation
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Tutorial #2 Homework and Solution
Question:
Turn in a copy of both the completed process flowsheet and the Input Summary that are
created while working through Aspen Tutorial #2.
Solution:
75
50
75
MIX ER1
FEED 50
75
PRODUCT1
50
MIBK1
Tutorial 1
Stream ID FEED MIBK 1 PR OD UCT1
Temperature F 75 .0 75 .0 75 .0
Pre ssure psi 50 .00 50 .00 50 .00
Vapor Frac 0.0 00 0.0 00 0.0 00
Mo le Flo w lbm ol/hr 3.6 36 0.9 98 4.6 35
Temperature (F) Mass Flo w lb/hr 1 00 .00 0 1 00 .00 0 2 00 .00 0
Vo lume Flo w c uft/hr 1.8 25 2.0 09 3.7 55
Pre ss ure (psi)
Enthalpy MMB tu/hr -0.4 32 -0.1 40 -0.5 73
Mass Frac
W ATER 0.5 00 0.2 50
ACETO NE 0.5 00 0.2 50
METHY-0 1 1.0 00 0.5 00
Mo le Flo w lbm ol/hr
W ATER 2.7 75 2.7 75
ACETO NE 0.8 61 0.8 61
METHY-0 1 0.9 98 0.9 98
;
;Input Summary created by Aspen Plus Rel. 12.1 at 14:57:13 Wed Oct 13,
2004
;Directory E:\Tutorial 2 Filename
C:\DOCUME~1\BERNAR~1\LOCALS~1\Temp\~ap58f.tmp
;
TITLE 'Tutorial 1'
IN-UNITS ENG
DEF-STREAMS CONVEN ALL
DESCRIPTION "
General Simulation with English Units :
F, psi, lb/hr, lbmol/hr, Btu/hr, cuft/hr.
Property Method: None
Flow basis for input: Mole
Stream report composition: Mole flow

"
DATABANKS PURE12 / AQUEOUS / SOLIDS / INORGANIC / &

NOASPENPCD
PROP-SOURCES PURE12 / AQUEOUS / SOLIDS / INORGANIC
COMPONENTS
WATER H2O /
ACETONE C3H6O-1 /
METHY-01 C6H12O-2
FLOWSHEET
BLOCK MIXER1 IN=FEED MIBK1 OUT=PRODUCT1
PROPERTIES IDEAL
STREAM FEED
SUBSTREAM MIXED TEMP=75. PRES=50. MASS-FLOW=100.
MASS-FRAC WATER 0.5 / ACETONE 0.5 / METHY-01 0.
STREAM MIBK1
MOLE-FRAC METHY-01 1.
BLOCK MIXER1 MIXER

PARAM NPHASE=1 PHASE=L
BLOCK-OPTION FREE-WATER=NO
EO-CONV-OPTI
STREAM-REPOR NARROW MOLEFLOW MASSFRAC

;
;
Aspen Tutorial #3: Flash Separation
Outline:
• Adding a Flash Distillation Unit
• Updating the User Input
• Running the Simulation and Checking the Results
• Generating Txy and Pxy Diagrams
This week we will be building upon our existing simulation by adding a flash separation
to our product stream. This unit operation can be used to represent a number of real life
pieces of equipment including feed surge drums in refining processes and settlers as in
this problem. A flash distillation (or separation) is essentially a one stage separation
process and for our problem we are hoping to split our mixture into two streams; one
composed of primarily water and acetone and one composed of primarily MIBK and
acetone.
Adding a Flash Distillation Unit:

Open up your simulation from last week which you have hopefully saved. Select the
Separators tab in the Equipment Model Library and take a minute to familiarize yourself
with the different types of separators that are available and their applications as shown in
the Status Bar. We will be using a Flash3 separator using a rigorous vapor-liquid-liquid
equilibrium to separate our stream for further purification.
Select the Flash3 separator and add one to your process flowsheet. Select the material
stream from the stream library and add a product stream leaving the flash separator from
the top side, the middle, and the bottom side (where the red arrows indicate a product is
required) as shown in Figure 1. Do not add a stream to the feed location yet.
You will notice that I have removed the stream table and stream conditions from my
flowsheet from last week. I have done this to reduce the amount of things on the screen
and will add them back in at the end of this tutorial. You can leave yours on the process
flowsheet while working through this tutorial or you can remove them and add them back
in at the end of the tutorial.
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Figure 1: Flash Separator
To connect up the feed stream to your flash separator right click on the product stream
from your mixer (mine is named PRODUCT1). Select the option Reconnect Destination
and attach this stream to the inlet arrow on the flash separator drum. After renaming your
streams as you see fit, your process flowsheet should look similar to that in Figure 2.
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Figure 2: Completed Flowsheet
Updating the User Input:

You will notice that the simulation status has changed to “Required Input Incomplete”
because of the new unit operation that we have added to our process flowsheet. When
making drastic changes to an existing simulation like we have, it is best to reinitialize the
simulation like we did in Tutorial #2. Do so now and then open up the data browser
window.
All of the user input is complete except for that in the blocks tab. One of the nice
features of Aspen is that you only need to add input data to new feed streams and new
equipment and it will complete calculations to determine the compositions for all of the
new intermediate and product streams. However, there is one pitfall to this feature. Keep
in mind that we originally selected our thermodynamic method based on our original,
simpler simulation. Aspen does not force you to go back to the thermodynamic selection
to confirm that the user has selected the appropriate thermodynamic base for their
problem and this can lead to convergence problems and unrealistic results if it is not
considered.
In order for our simulation to properly model VLL equilibrium, we will need to change
the thermodynamic method from IDEAL. In the data browser, select specifications under
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the Properties tab. Change the Base method from IDEAL to SRK (Soave-Redlich-
Kwong equation of state) as shown in Figure 3. Next week we will be discussing the
different thermodynamic methods, so this will not be discussed in depth now.
Figure 3: Thermodynamic Base Method
You may notice that the Property method option automatically changes to the SRK
method as well. This is fine.
Now open up the Input tab for the FLASH1 block under the blocks tab in the data
browser. You will notice that the user can specify two of four variables for the flash
separator depending on your particular application. These options are shown in Figure 4.
In our simulation we will be specifying the temperature and pressure of our flash
separator to be equal to the same values as our feed streams (75º F and 50 psi). After
inputting these two values you will notice that the Simulation Status changes to
“Required Input Complete”.
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Flash
Specification
Options
Figure 4: Flash Data Input Options
Running the Simulation and Checking the Results:

Run your simulation at this time. As in tutorial #2, be sure to check your results for both
convergence and run status. In doing so you will notice a system warning that arises due
to changes in the simulation that we have made. Follow the suggestions presented by
Aspen and change to the STEAMNBS method as recommended (Hint: the change is
under the properties tab). Reinitialize and rerun your simulation after making this
change.
At this point your process flowsheet should look like that seen in Figure 5 (as mentioned
earlier I have now placed the stream table and process flow conditions back onto my
flowsheet).
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Figure 5: Completed Process Flowsheet
Due to the added clutter on the screen I would recommend removing the process flow
conditions at this time. These values are available in the stream table and do not provide
much added benefit for our application.
You will notice that our simulation results in nearly perfect separation of the water from
the MIBK and acetone mixture. However, in real life this mixture is not this easy to
separate. This simulation result is directly caused by the thermodynamic methods we
have selected and you will see the influence that thermodynamics play in the tutorial next
week.
Generating Txy and Pxy Diagrams:

Aspen and other simulation programs are essentially a huge thermodynamic and physical
property data bases. We will illustrate this fact by generating a Txy plot for our acetone-
MIBK stream for use in specifying our distillation column in a few weeks. In the menu
bar select Tools/Analysis/Property/Binary. When you have done this the Binary Analysis
window will open up as shown in Figure 6.
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Figure 6: Binary Analysis Window
You will notice that this option can be used to generate Txy, Pxy, or Gibbs energy of
mixing diagrams. Select the Txy analysis. You also have the option to complete this
analysis for any of the components that have been specified in your simulation. We will
be doing an analysis on the mixture of MIBK and acetone so select these components
accordingly. In doing an analysis of this type the user also has the option of specifying
which component will be used for the x-axis (which component’s mole fraction will be
diagrammed). The default is whichever component is indicated as component 1. Make
sure that you are creating the diagram for the mole fraction of MIBK. When you have
completed your input, hit the go button on the bottom of the window.
When you select this button the Txy plot will appear on your screen as shown in Figure 7.
The binary analysis window will open up behind this plot automatically as well (we will
get to that window in a minute).
28
Figure 7: Txy Plot for MIBK and Acetone
The plot window can be edited by right clicking on the plot window and selecting
properties. In the properties window the user can modify the titles, axis scales, font, and
color of the plot. The plot window can also be printed directly from Aspen by hitting the
print key.
Close the plot window at this point in time. The binary analysis results window should
now be shown on your screen. This window is shown in Figure 8. You can see that this
window shows a large table of thermodynamic data for our two selected components.
We can use this data to plot a number of different things using the plot wizard button at
the bottom of the screen. Select that button now.
In step 2 of the plot wizard you are presented with five options for variables that you can
plot for this system. Gamma represents the liquid activity coefficient for the components
and it is plotted against mole fraction. The remainder of the plot wizard allows you to
select the component and modify some of the features of the plot that you are creating
and upon hitting the finish button, your selected plot should open. Again, the plot can be
further edited by right-clicking on the plot and selecting properties. In the homework for
this week you will be turning in a plot of the liquid activity coefficient, so you can do that
now if you would like. Otherwise, you can save your simulation for next week when we
examine the various thermodynamic methods used by Aspen.
29
Figure 8: Binary Analysis Results Window
Next week: Thermodynamic Methods
30
Question:
a) Provide a copy of the complete stream table developed in Tutorial #3 showing the
composition of the three product streams resulting from your flash separation. Hint: You
can select the table in the process flowsheet and copy and paste it into a word document
if you would like.
b) Print out and turn in a copy of the plot for the liquid activity coefficient for the
MIBK/acetone system (Hint: gamma).
Solution:
Tutorial 1
S tream ID F EED M- A1 M IBK 1 P RO D UCT1VA PP RO D1W - A1
Temperature F 75 .0 75 .0 75 .0 74 .0 75.0
P ressure p si 50 .00 50.00 50.00 50 .00 50.00 50 .00
Vapor Frac 0.0 00 0.0 00 0.000 0.0 00 0.000
Mo le F lo w lbmol/hr 3.6 36 1.9 18 0.998 4.6 35 0.0 00 2.717
Mass Flow lb/hr 100.00 0 1 51.06 0 1 00 .000 200.00 0 0.0 00 4 8.940
Volume F low cuft/hr 1.8 53 3.0 77 1.999 3.8 60 0.0 00 0.786
Enthalpy MM Btu/hr - 0.433 - 0.239 - 0.1 40 - 0.573 - 0.3 34
Mass Frac
W ATER 0.5 00 0.0 07 0.2 50 1.000
AC ETO N E 0.5 00 0.3 31 0.2 50 3 P PM
METHY -01 0.6 62 1.000 0.5 00 trace
Mo le F lo w lbmol/hr
W ATER 2.7 75 0.0 59 2.7 75 2.717
AC ETO N E 0.8 61 0.8 61 0.8 61 trace
METHY -01 0.9 98 0.998 0.9 98 trace
Gamma for METHY-01/ACETONE
1.055
METHY-01 14.696 psi
1.045 1.05
1.025 1.03 1.035 1.04 ACETONE 14.696 psi
Liquid Gamma
1.015 1.02
1.005 1.01
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
Liquid Molefrac METHY-01
Aspen Tutorial #4: Thermodynamic Methods
Outline:
• Available Thermodynamic Property Methods
• Recommended Methods for Selected Applications
• Influence of Thermodynamic Method on Our Problem
In our previous tutorials, I have been telling you which thermodynamic methods to
choose based on that week’s update to the simulation. This week we will be covering the
many thermodynamic methods that are available in Aspen and examining their influence
on the results of our simulation. This tutorial is a little shorter than the previous ones, but
the information presented here is one of the most important concepts to understand when
using simulation programs. For this reason you should make sure you understand this
material well.
Available Thermodynamic Property Methods:

Aspen has four main types of Property Methods: Ideal, Equation of State, Activity
Coefficient, and Special Systems. In addition, an advanced user can modify any of these
available methods or create a new property method on their own.
Open up your Aspen simulation. Select the Help Topics under Help on the Menu Bar.
This will open up the Aspen Plus Help window as shown in Figure 1. On the left hand
side of the screen, select the Index tab and type in Property Methods. Select Property
Methods in the list on the left hand side and then select the Available Property Methods
option.
33
Arrow Button
Index Tab
Figure 1: Aspen Plus Help
You can use the right arrow button to page through the Help window’s information on
the available thermodynamic methods. Hitting it once will bring you to the first group of
available methods, which is the Ideal group, as shown in Figure 2. Thermodynamic
phase equilibrium can be determined in a number of ways, including chemical potential,
fugacity, activities, activity coefficients, or the equilibrium distribution ratio. You will
notice that the Ideal methods rely on using ideal system equations to calculate the
equilibrium distribution ratio (K), which is then used to determine the equilibrium
conditions.
34
Figure 2: Ideal Property Methods
If you hit the arrow again, the window will move on to the Equation of State Property
Methods. These methods use the various equations of state that are learned about in
chemical engineering thermodynamics, to calculate the equilibrium distribution ratio.
The two most familiar methods from this section are listed in the table below. You will
also notice that Aspen provides many of the minor variations to the most common
methods (i.e. PRMHV2 – a modified Peng-Robinson equation).
Table 1: Most Common EOS Property Methods
EOS Property Method K-Value Method

PENG-ROB Peng-Robinson
RK-SOAVE (also SRK) Redlich-Kwong-Soave
The next group of available property methods is the Activity Coefficient group. This
group uses various relationships to calculate the liquid phase activity coefficient and then
calculate the vapor fugacity using a second relationship. Some of the most common
methods for this group are listed in Table 2. As before, there are many modifications to
the basic set of choices, which are useful for specific applications.
35
Table 2: Common Activity Coefficient Property Methods
Property Method Liquid Phase Vapor Phase

Activity Coefficient Fugacity
NRTL (Non-Random Two Liquid) NRTL Ideal Gas
UNIFAC UNIFAC Redlich-Kwong
VANLAAR Van Laar Ideal Gas
WILSON Wilson Ideal Gas
Hitting the arrow button one more time will bring you to the final group of Property
Methods. This is the Special Systems group. You will notice that this group provides the
available methods for amine systems, solids systems, and steam systems. This is all the
time we will spend here, since our system is not one of these special cases.
Recommended Methods for Potential Applications:

Selecting the arrow button one more time will bring you to the Choosing a Property
Method help screen. The Aspen Plus Help provides two different methods to suggest the
appropriate property methods. The first of these is a listing of the appropriate methods
for certain industries and the second is a diagram that a user can step through to choose
an appropriate method.
In this tutorial we will go through the “Recommended property methods for different
applications” option. Select that choice in the help window. This will open up the
window shown in Figure 3.
Use the arrow button to walk through the various applications that are presented here.
You will notice that each application is further broken down by the specific operations in
that industry. Most of these operations have two or three suggested thermodynamic
methods. Stop on the Chemicals application screen as this is the industrial application
that is most like our particular simulation. Take note of which thermodynamic methods
most often appear for these applications. We will be testing out a few of them in our
simulation, in the final portion of this tutorial.
36
Figure 3: Recommended Property Methods for Different Applications
Continue to walk through the other application screens until you have looked at all of
them and then close the help window.
Influence of Thermodynamic Method on Our Problem:

The last time we ran our simulation we used the SRK thermodynamic method. For our
homework this week, we will be comparing the simulation results obtained with this
method to those obtained through three other methods, IDEAL, WILSON, and NRTL.
Using what you have learned from the other Tutorials, rerun your simulation with each of
the three thermodynamic methods listed above. Don’t forget to reinitialize your
simulation between runs. When you run the case with the WILSON and NRTL
thermodynamic methods, you will be required to go into the Properties tab in the Data
Browser. However, you only need to open up the window Wilson-1 or NRTL-1 under
Binary Parameters to allow the default parameters to be recognized as input. You do not
need to change any of the values shown in these screens.
For the homework assignment, a stream table from each run and a sentence or two
highlighting the differences will suffice.
Next week: Sensitivity Analysis and Transport Properties
37
Question:
Compare the simulation results from last week to those obtained with the following three
thermodynamic methods: IDEAL, WILSON, and NRTL. Show the stream table results
for each thermodynamic method and write a sentence or two summarizing your findings.
Solution:
SRK Results (last week):
Tutorial 4
Str ea m ID FEED M- A1 MI BK1 P RODUCT1VAP P ROD1W- A1
Te m per a ture F 75.0 75.0 75.0 74.0 75.0
P re ssur e psi 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
Va por Fra c 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Mole Flow lbm ol/hr 3.636 1.918 0.998 4.635 0.000 2.717
Ma ss Flow lb/hr 100.000 151.060 100.000 200.000 0.000 48.940
Volume Flow c uf t/hr 1.853 3.077 1.999 3.860 0.000 0.786
Enthalpy MM Btu/hr - 0.433 - 0.239 - 0.140 - 0.573 - 0.334
Ma ss Fr ac
WATER 0.500 0.007 0.250 1.000
ACETONE 0.500 0.331 0.250 3 PPM
METHY-01 0.662 1.000 0.500 tr ac e
Mole Flow lbm ol/hr
WATER 2.775 0.059 2.775 2.717
ACETONE 0.861 0.861 0.861 tr ac e
METHY-01 0.998 0.998 0.998 tr ac e
IDEAL Results:
Tutorial 4
Str eam ID FEED M- A1 MI BK1 P RODUCT1VAP P ROD1W - A1
Te mper a ture F 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0
P re ssur e psi 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
Va por Fra c 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Ma ss Flow lb/hr 100.000 200.000 100.000 200.000 0.000 0.000
Volum e Flow cuf t/hr 1.825 3.755 2.009 3.755 0.000 0.000
Enthalpy MM Btu/hr - 0.432 - 0.573 - 0.140 - 0.573
Ma ss Fr ac
WATER 0.500 0.250 0.250
ACETONE 0.500 0.250 0.250
METHY- 01 0.500 1.000 0.500
Mole Flow lbm ol/hr
WATER 2.775 2.775 2.775
ACETONE 0.861 0.861 0.861
METHY- 01 0.998 0.998 0.998
38
WILSON Results:
Tutorial 4
Str ea m ID FEED M- A1 MI BK1 P RODUCT1V AP P ROD1W - A1
Te m per a ture F 75.0 75.0 75.0 84.9
P re ssur e psi 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
Va por Fra c 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Ma ss Flow lb/hr 100.000 200.000 100.000 200.000 0.000 0.000
Volum e Flow c uf t/hr 1.825 3.755 2.009 3.781 0.000 0.000
Ma ss Fr ac
WATER 0.500 0.250 0.250
ACETONE 0.500 0.250 0.250
METHY- 01 0.500 1.000 0.500
Mole Flow lbm ol/hr
WATER 2.775 2.775 2.775
ACETONE 0.861 0.861 0.861
METHY- 01 0.998 0.998 0.998
NRTL Results:
Tutorial 4
Str ea m ID FEED M- A1 MI BK1 P RODUCT1VAP P ROD1
W - A1
Te m per a ture F 75.0 75.0 75.0 65.3 75.0
P re ssur e psi 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
Va por Fra c 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Ma ss Flow lb/hr 100.000 141.052 100.000 200.000 0.000 58.948
Volum e Flow c uf t/hr 1.825 2.772 2.009 3.729 0.000 1.011
Enthalpy MM Btu/hr - 0.435 - 0.246 - 0.140 - 0.576 - 0.329
Ma ss Fr ac
WATER 0.500 0.041 0.250 0.751
ACETONE 0.500 0.263 0.250 0.220
METHY- 01 0.697 1.000 0.500 0.030
Mole Flow lbm ol/hr
WATER 2.775 0.319 2.775 2.456
ACETONE 0.861 0.638 0.861 0.223
METHY- 01 0.981 0.998 0.998 0.017
You will notice in the stream tables above that both the IDEAL and WILSON
thermodynamic methods do not predict any separation of our two liquid streams in the
Flash separator (indicated by the zero flow in stream W-A1). However, the NRTL
thermodynamic method predicts a separation that is less efficient than that predicted by
the SRK method from last week. You will remember that in Tutorial #3 I mentioned that
the results with the SRK thermodynamics were better than what really occurs and this is
supported by these results.
39
Aspen Tutorial #5: Sensitivity Analysis and Transport
Properties
Outline:
• Updating the Simulation
• Sensitivity Analysis
• Transport Properties
Up to this point we have not maximized our use of Aspen’s computational abilities.
Often times in chemical engineering we are faced with problems that have iterative
solutions or iterative steps on the way to a desired result (i.e. purity of a component in a
separation process based on a feed of another). This week we will be using Aspen to
calculate the flow rate of a second feed stream of MIBK, in order to get the desired >90%
purity of our water stream through the use of a sensitivity analysis. During a sensitivity
analysis (or design specification) Aspen iterates its calculation sequence through a range
of values provided for an independent variable, in order to obtain a specified result for a
dependent variable (within a certain tolerance).
Updating the Simulation:
The most realistic separation results that we obtained last week were based on using the
NRTL thermodynamic method. Make sure your simulation is set to this base method and
then reinitialize your simulation.
Add a second mixer and a second flash separation unit to your process flowsheet and
name them as you see fit. Connect the stream that is primarily water and acetone (the
stream off of the bottom of the first flash separator) to the new mixer and add in a new
feed stream of MIBK that also feeds into this new mixer. Next, connect the product from
this mixer to the new flash separation unit and add in the required product streams. Your
process flowsheet should now look like that seen in Figure 1.
Figure 1: Updated Process Flowsheet
Now open up the Data Browser window to update the inputs for the new additions to
your process flowsheet. The new feed stream of MIBK should have a flow rate of 50
lbs/hr of pure MIBK at a temperature of 75° F and a pressure of 50 psi. The new mixer
and flash separation units should be specified to be at 75° F and 50 psi.
If you run the simulation at this point, you should get results similar to those seen in the
stream table shown in Figure 2. You will notice that we do not get the desired 90%
purity of the water stream that is specified in the original problem description. While we
could simply rerun the simulation a few times to determine a feed rate of MIBK that
would give us this desired purity, we will instead program Aspen to complete the
iterations for us before reporting the results.
You may notice that the stream table shown in Figure 2 does not include all of the
streams. You might remember that this was discussed in Tutorial #2 under the Display
Options. I have shown only the important feed and product streams to save space (I have
eliminated all of the intermediate streams and the product streams with no flow).
T uto rial 5 - S en s itiv ity An aly s is
S tr eam ID F EED MI BK1 MIBK2 M- A1 M- A2 W AT ER
T em per atu re F 75 . 0 75 .0 75 . 0 75 . 0 75 .0 75 . 0
P res su r e p si 5 0.0 0 5 0.0 0 5 0.0 0 5 0.0 0 5 0. 0 0 5 0. 0 0
Vap or Fr ac 0 .0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 .0 0 0 0 .0 0 0
Mo le F low lbm ol/h r 3 .6 3 6 0 .9 9 8 0 .4 9 9 1 .9 3 8 0 .7 2 5 2 .4 7 0
Mas s F low lb/h r 1 0 0. 0 00 1 0 0.0 00 5 0. 0 00 1 4 1.0 52 5 9.8 25 4 9. 1 23
Volu me F low c uf t/hr 1 .8 2 5 2 .0 0 9 1 .0 0 4 2 .7 7 2 1 .1 8 1 0 .8 1 8
Enth alp y MM Btu /h r - 0. 4 35 - 0.1 40 - 0. 0 70 - 0.2 46 -0.0 96 - 0. 3 03
Mas s F rac
W AT ER 0 .5 0 0 0 .0 4 1 0 .0 2 7 0 .8 6 8
AC ET ON E 0 .5 0 0 0 .2 6 3 0 .1 2 7 0 .1 0 8
MET HY- 01 1 .0 0 0 1 .0 0 0 0 .6 9 7 0 .8 4 6 0 .0 2 3
Mo le F low lbm ol/h r
W AT ER 2 .7 7 5 0 .3 1 9 0 .0 8 9 2 .3 6 7
AC ET ON E 0 .8 6 1 0 .6 3 8 0 .1 3 1 0 .0 9 2
MET HY- 01 0 .9 9 8 0 .4 9 9 0 .9 8 1 0 .5 0 5 0 .0 1 2
Figure 2: Stream Results with 50 lbs/hr MIBK Feed
Sensitivity Analysis:
Select the Flowsheeting Options tab in the Data Browser window and open up the Design
Spec option. At the bottom of the screen, select the new button and choose a name for
this design specification. When you have done this the Data Browser window should
look like that seen in Figure 3. You will notice that there are three areas where we must
input data in order for the required input to be complete. These are the tabs Define, Spec,
and Vary.
In the Define tab the user must set the dependent variable that they are interested in. For
our case, this is the purity of the water product stream (or mass fraction of water). Select
new at the bottom of this screen and name the new variable WATER. After hitting OK,
the Variable Definition window will appear. In this window we need to specify that we
want our variable to be the mass fraction of water in the “pure” water product stream. In
the type box, select MASS-FRAC (you may want to note the many types of design
specifications one can specify by scrolling through the options in the type box at this
time). In the stream box that then appears, select your water product stream and under
the component box, select WATER. At this point your Variable Definition window
should look similar to that seen in Figure 4. The only difference should be in the stream
name, unless you have used the same stream names I have in your process flowsheet. Hit
the close button when you have completed this.
Figure 3: Design Specification Window
Figure 4: Completed Variable Definition Window
For our purposes we are now done inputting information into the Define tab and can
move on to the Spec tab. You will notice that we have three values we must input into
this window. The first, Spec, is the dependent variable that we want to set a target value
for. This is the variable that we just defined in the Define tab as WATER. Type this into
this box. Target is the numeric value that we would like our dependent variable to be
equal to at the completion of the calculation iterations. Our target value is 90%, or 0.90.
Finally, Tolerance is how close the solution determined by Aspen must be to our target
value before it is deemed acceptable. For our purposes, a tolerance of 0.1% is acceptable
(this is input as 0.001). After inputting this, the Spec window should look like that seen
in Figure 5.
Figure 5: Completed Spec Window
To complete the input for our sensitivity analysis, we must input which variable is to be
varied. This is done under the Vary tab. In this simulation, we are varying the flow rate
of MIBK in the second feed stream of MIBK (mine is entitled MIBK2). This is the
stream we just added to our simulation. Under the Vary tab select MASS-FLOW under
the type tab. Again, it is worth pointing out the many different variables that can be
manipulated in Aspen. Under stream, select the stream that corresponds to your second
feed stream of MIBK. Next, select METHY-01 from the components list. At this point
the Vary tab should look like that seen in Figure 6.
The values placed into the Manipulated Variable Limits boxes indicate the range that
Aspen can use during its iteration calculations. One thing to note is that the original input
value under the stream inputs must fall within the range that is input here. Remember our
original input was 50 lbs/hr. For this tutorial, input a variable range from 25-100 lbs/hr.
The other blocks that can be filled on this screen relate to the step size that Aspen takes
during its iteration calculations. It is not necessary for the user to input values into these
blocks, and we will use the default Aspen values.
Figure 6: Vary Tab Options
At this point, our required input should again be complete. The completed Vary tab is
shown below in Figure 7. We are now ready to run the simulation again and check its
convergence based on our input design specifications. Hit the run button at this time and
when the computer has finished its calculations, open up the Run Control Panel (see
Tutorial #2 for help with this).
The Run Control Panel indicates how many iterations Aspen made during its
determination of the flow rate that met our design specification. If completed correctly,
your simulation should have no warnings and no errors indicated in this window. You
will notice in Figure 8 that my simulation took 5 iterations to determine results that were
within the specified tolerance. We must also complete a cursory check of the simulation
results as discussed in Tutorial #2. This is especially important now that we have
introduced design specifications into the simulation. Close the Run Control Panel
window and open up the data browser to confirm that the simulation converged with
reasonable results.
Figure 7: Completed Vary Window
You will notice that the Convergence option under the Results Summary Tab in the Data
Browser window now has results. This window indicates the final value of the variable
and the error associated with this variable as shown in Figure 9. The Error column
indicates how far off the final dependent variable was from the specified value and the
Error / Tolerance column indicates how closely the design specification converged. A
value of 1 in this column means that the simulation barely converged while a value near 0
indicates excellent convergence.
The final place where the user can get information regarding the convergence of a
simulation is under the Convergence tab in the Data Browser window. In this window
one can actually see each of the values attempted by Aspen during its iteration cycle.
Figure 8: Run Control Panel
Figure 9: Convergence Results

Complete a cursory check of the other simulation results as discussed in Tutorial #2 and
if all of them look acceptable, proceed on to the next section.
Transport Properties:
Although we touched on some of the options for including selected physical properties in
stream tables, we did not touch on adding those properties that are important for mass
transfer (i.e. diffusivities). However, diffusivity is not one of the default variables that
are reported by Aspen and it is only reported if the user defines a specific property set.
The easiest way to do this is to modify an existing property set that reports other
parameters of interest and then have Aspen report this property set. Open up the Prop-
Sets option under the Properties tab in the Data Browser Window. Aspen has five default
property sets that can easily be added to a stream table. These five are summarized in
Table 1 below.
Table 1: Aspen Property Sets
Property Set Use Properties

HXDESIG Heat Exchanger Design Thermal and Transport Properties
N
THERMAL Thermal Properties Enthalpy, Heat Capacity, Thermal Conductivity
TXPORT Transport Properties Density, Viscosity, Surface Tension
VLE VL Equilibrium Fugacity, Activity, Vapor Pressure
VLLE VLL Equilibrium Fugacity, Activity, Vapor Pressure
We will be modifying the TXPORT property set so that it includes diffusivity values for
our system. In the Prop-Sets window, select TXPORT and hit the edit button at the
bottom of the screen. The window that opens up is shown in Figure 10, on the next page.
Select the last box in the first column that is currently blank. In doing so, you will be
presented with a scrolling window of physical properties that Aspen can calculate for the
user. Scroll down until you find DMX, which is the variable for diffusivity in Aspen.
You will notice that a description of what each physical property is appears in the bottom
window as you scroll over the options. Aspen has seven built-in diffusivity models, some
of which you may be familiar with. These models are summarized in Table 2.
Table 2: Diffusivity Models
Model Equation Application

Chapman-Enskog-Wilke-Lee (Binary) Low Pressure Vapor
Chapman-Enskog-Wilke-Lee (Mixture) Low Pressure Vapor
Dawson-Khoury-Kobayashi (Binary) Vapor
Dawson-Khoury-Kobayashi (Mixture) Vapor
Nernst-Hartley Electrolyte
Wilke-Chang (Binary) Liquid
Wilke-Change (Mixture) Liquid
Figure 10: TXPORT Edit Window
Now select the Qualifiers tab. This window allows the user to input what phases they
would like the property set to be reported for. Because we are not concerned about the
vapor phase at this point, we will remove it from the reported results. Select the box
marked Vapor and hit the Delete key on the keyboard. The Qualifiers tab should now
look like that seen in Figure 11.
Figure 11: Qualifiers Window
We must now add the TXPORT property set to the stream table that is shown on the
process flowsheet. To do this we must go to the Report Options window under the Setup
tab in the Data Browser Window. Under the stream tab, hit the Property Sets button.
This will open up the window shown in Figure 12.
Figure 12: Property Sets Window
Select TXPORT and hit the single arrow button pointing to the right. This will move
TXPORT to the side labeled Selected Property Sets, and it will now be displayed in the
stream table. After you have done this, close the Property Sets window. To reduce the
number of variables shown in our stream table (to reduce its size), uncheck the mole flow
basis box. This will remove the mole flows from the stream table (all of our assigned
values have been mass flows so these have not played a role in our work yet). When you
have done this, reinitialize and rerun your simulation. In order to have the changes to the
stream table show up, you will most likely need to click on the stream table and then
click off of it. Another option is to delete the existing stream table and add a new one to
the process flowsheet. For comparison sake, my final stream table is shown below in
Figure 13. Unfortunately, the diffusivity values (with the units of ft2/hr) are too small to
show differences in the table. However, if you were to switch the units from the default
ones, you would get values that show differences in the three decimal places reported in
the table.
Tuto rial 5 - Sen sitivity A n aly sis

S tream ID FEED MIBK1 MIBK2 M-A 1 M-A 2 W-A 1 WA TER
Temperatu re F 7 5.0 7 5.0 7 5.0 7 5.0 7 5.0 7 5.0 7 5.0
P ressu re p si 50 .0 0 50 .0 0 50 .0 0 50 .0 0 50 .0 0 50 .0 0 50 .0 0
V ap or Fr ac 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0 0.00 0
Mole F low lb mo l/h r 3.63 6 0.99 8 0.89 9 1.93 8 1.20 4 2.69 6 2.39 2
Mass F low lb /hr 10 0.0 00 10 0.0 00 90 .0 79 14 1.0 52 10 2.5 93 58 .9 48 46 .4 34
V olu me F lo w cu ft/hr 1.82 5 2.00 9 1.80 9 2.77 2 2.02 9 1.01 1 0.76 7
Enth alp y MMBtu /hr -0 .43 5 -0 .14 0 -0 .12 7 -0 .24 6 -0 .16 1 -0 .32 9 -0 .29 3
Mass F rac
WATER 0.50 0 0.04 1 0.02 4 0.75 1 0.90 0
A CETONE 0.50 0 0.26 3 0.09 1 0.22 0 0.07 8

METH Y -0 1 1.00 0 1.00 0 0.69 7 0.88 5 0.03 0 0.02 2
* ** LI QUI D P HAS E ** *
D en sity lb /cu ft 54 .8 00 49 .7 83 49 .7 83 50 .8 92 50 .5 65 58 .3 02 60 .5 43
V iscos ity cP 0.72 0 0.55 2 0.55 2 0.49 8 0.54 2 0.85 1 0.90 7
S urf ace Ten d yn e/cm 61 .2 35 23 .5 38 23 .5 38 31 .5 78 29 .1 01 68 .5 95 71 .5 28
D MX sq ft/hr
WATER < 0 .0 01 < 0 .0 01 < 0 .0 01 < 0 .0 01 < 0 .0 01
A CETONE < 0 .0 01 < 0 .0 01 < 0 .0 01 < 0 .0 01 < 0 .0 01
METH Y -0 1 0.00 0 0.00 0 < 0 .0 01 < 0 .0 01 < 0 .0 01 < 0 .0 01
Figure 13: Final Stream Table
Next week: Separation Spreadsheets by Mark Burns, University of Michigan

Question:
What flow rate of MIBK is necessary to achieve 95% purity of the water stream? Show
your results with the stream table from your simulation. Hint: Modify your existing
design specification by changing both the target spec and the range for the independent
variable (I suggest an upper limit of 400 lbs/hr). If your upper limit is not increased
above the final result, your solution will not converge!
Solution:
From my Aspen simulation I obtained a feed rate of 324 lbs/hr MIBK, to get a water
purity of 95 wt%. This answer may vary between Aspen simulations, but your results
should be close to this (within 5 lbs/hr).
Tutorial 5 - Sensitivity Analysis

Stream ID FEED MIBK1 MIBK2 M-A1 M-A2 W-A1 WATER
Temperature F 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0 75.0
Pressure psi 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00 50.00
Vapor Frac 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Mole Flow lbmol/hr 3.636 0.998 3.239 1.938 3.835 2.696 2.100
Mass Flow lb/hr 100.000 100.000 324.409 141.052 344.063 58.948 39.295
Volume Flow cuft/hr 1.825 2.009 6.517 2.772 6.826 1.011 0.641
Enthalpy MMBtu/hr -0.435 -0.140 -0.456 -0.246 -0.525 -0.329 -0.258
Mass Frac
WATER 0.500 0.041 0.020 0.751 0.950
ACETONE 0.500 0.263 0.034 0.220 0.030
METHY-01 1.000 1.000 0.697 0.946 0.030 0.020
*** LIQUID PHASE ***
Density lb/cuft 54.800 49.783 49.783 50.892 50.407 58.302 61.333
Viscosity cP 0.720 0.552 0.552 0.498 0.564 0.851 0.924
Surface Ten dyne/cm 61.235 23.538 23.538 31.578 28.470 68.595 72.376
DMX sqft/hr
WATER < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
ACETONE < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
METHY-01 0.000 0.000 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001 < 0.001
Aspen Tutorial #6: Aspen Distillation
Outline:
• Aspen Distillation Options
• DSTWU Distillation
• RadFrac Distillation
This week we will be learning about the various distillation calculation methods that
Aspen uses. We will be completing the separation of our acetone/MIBK streams based
on one of the simplified distillation methods, DSTWU and one of the more rigorous
distillation calculation methods, RadFrac. From this we will be able to compare the
results of the two distillation methods.
Aspen Distillation Options:

Aspen has multiple unit operations options for completing distillation problems, based on
the complexity of the user’s application. Open up your existing Aspen simulation and
click on the Separators tab in the Equipment Model Library. In this tab you will see the
first option that users can choose for completing a distillation process, SEP2. This unit
operation can be used to model separation processes with only two possible outlet
streams. This process can be used to simulate distillations, but it does not provide the
level of detail that is available when using some of the other distillation options. Some
key variables it does not consider include the number of trays and the reflux ratio. For
this reason this option is not recommended except as a very general screening process.
Now select the Columns tab in the Equipment Model Library. You will notice a number
of distillation column options. This tutorial will focus on introducing you to the three
general distillation choices, DSTWU, Distl, and RadFrac. The other six unit operation
choices complete much more rigorous calculations than we require for our application
and they are intended for use in more difficult separations and specific applications (i.e.
PetroFrac is used in simulating refining processes).
The DSTWU unit operation is designed for single feed, two product distillation
processes. This column completes calculations using Gilliland’s, Winn’s, and
Underwood’s methods for calculations of stages and reflux ratios as indicated in Table 1.
These calculations are completed based on two assumptions, constant molar overflow and
constant relative volatilities.
53
Table 1: DSTWU Calculation Methods
Shortcut Method Calculates For:

Winn Minimum number of stages
Underwood Minimum reflux ratio
Gilliland Required reflux ratio for a specified number of stages
or required number of stages for a specified reflux ratio
For a specified product recovery (both light and heavy), the DSTWU column first
estimates the minimum number of stages and the minimum reflux ratio, and then it
calculates the either the required reflux ratio or the required number of theoretical stages
based on the user input. During these calculations, Aspen will also estimate the optimum
feed stage location and the condenser and reboiler duties. Finally, when the calculations
are complete, Aspen can produce tables and plots of the reflux ratio/stage profile. When
completing complicated simulations later in your career, you could use this column to get
a quick idea about a process, and use its results as inputs to a more detailed simulation.
The Distl unit operation is also designed for a single feed, two product distillation
process. However, this column calculates product compositions based on the Edmister
approach. Again, the calculations are completed based on the assumptions of constant
molar overflow and constant relative volatilities. The user is required to input a number
of the column specifications with this unit operation, including the number of stages, the
reflux ratio, and the distillate to feed ratio. We will not be using this option.
The final general distillation unit operation is the RadFrac column. This distillation unit
completes much more rigorous calculations than the other two methods and can be used
to simulate absorption, stripping, extractive distillation, and azeotropic distillation for
solids, liquids, and gases. This column can also be used for highly non-ideal liquid
solutions or processes with an on-going chemical reaction. Finally, the RadFrac column
can have multiple feed and product streams (including pump-around streams) and it can
simulate columns with trays, random packing, or structured packing. As you can see, this
distillation option is much more complicated than the previous two methods, and we will
be covering this method in more depth as we input the data for it.
DSTWU Distillation:
In the last Aspen homework, we adjusted our design specification input in Tutorial #5 to
achieve a water purity of 95%. We will keep this updated specification in our ongoing
simulation, so if you did not complete the homework two weeks ago, do so now.
The first update we will make to our simulation is the addition of another mixer. Add in
a new mixer which combines the two streams of acetone and MIBK from the two flash
separators that we added in the previous tutorials. This can be seen in the process
flowsheet window shown in Figure 1.
54
Figure 1: Acetone/MIBK Mixer
At this point save your Aspen simulation under two names. We will use one version to
complete a distillation with the DSTWU distillation column and we will use the other
version to complete the simulation with the RadFrac column. I would suggest saving
them with names that indicate which distillation method is being used.
Now select the Columns tab in the Equipment Model Library and place a DSTWU
column into the process flowsheet window. Connect the product stream from the new
mixer to the DSTWU column and add in two product streams where Aspen indicates they
are required. We will also be adding in a third product stream off of the condenser, to
account for any free water product that can be separated from within the condenser.
Rename the streams and column as you see fit. At this point your flowsheet should look
similar to that in Figure 2.
55
Figure 2: Completed Process Flowsheet
Now open up the Data Browser window. You will notice that we are only required to
update our data input in the Blocks tab. Under the appropriate option for the new mixer,
input a mixing temperature and pressure of 75º F and 50 psi. Then open up the
appropriate option for the distillation column. The input window is shown below in
Figure 3.
56
Figure 3: DSTWU Data Input Window
For this simulation we will be inputting the reflux ratio, the key component recoveries,
and the tower pressures. For our purposes, we will assume that the tower has no pressure
drop throughout it. However, we will set the condenser and reboiler pressures to 15 psi
to aid in our separation process. We will start with an input reflux ratio of 1.5, but we
will be varying this value to try and get our desired product purity. The component
recovery values that are input are equal to the amount of each component in the distillate
divided by the amount of each component in the feed. For this reason a recovery of 99%
for acetone and 1% for the MIBK are not unreasonable if our distillation tower is
operating well. The completed input screen is shown in Figure 4.
57
Figure 4: Completed DSTWU Input Window
For our benefit, we would also like Aspen to produce a table of reflux ratio vs. the total
number of calculated theoretical trays. This can be easily done by selecting the
Calculation Options tab at the top of the DSTWU input window. Check the box
corresponding to this calculation now.
At this point our simulation is complete. Reinitialize and run your simulation. If you
look closely at your results, you will notice that we do not achieve the desired 90% purity
of acetone in this simulation. The stream table from my simulation is shown in Figure 5
where it can be seen that my simulation only achieved an acetone purity of 88%.
We can examine the reflux ratio profile for our distillation column at this time. This can
be done by opening up the Data Browser window (if it is not already open) and selecting
the Blocks tab. Under this tab there is an option labeled Results. Open up this window,
and then select the tab at the top entitled Reflux Ratio Profile. If you were designing this
tower, you could use the information in this table to determine the most cost-effective
design for your distillation column. Each tray will add to the equipment cost, while the
increased reflux adds to the operating costs of the column. We will use some of this
information in our input for the RadFrac column.
58
Tutorial 6 - DSTWU Distilla tion
Str eam ID DI STI LL ACETONE MI BK FREEW AT
Te m per a ture F 75.2 137.0 235.2 137.0
P re ssure psi 50.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
Va por Fra c 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Mole Flow lbm ol/hr 5.774 1.006 4.253 0.514
Ma ss Flow lb/hr 485.182 54.950 420.966 9.266
Volum e Flow cuf t/hr 9.586 1.161 9.474 0.151
Enthalpy MM Btu/hr -0.771 - 0.109 - 0.560 - 0.063
Ma ss Flow lb/hr
WATER 12.666 2.367 1.033 9.266
ACETO NE 48.835 48.346 0.488
METHY-01 423.681 4.237 419.445
Ma ss Fr ac
WATER 0.026 0.043 0.002 1.000
ACETO NE 0.101 0.880 0.001
METHY-01 0.873 0.077 0.996
Figure 5: Initial DSTWU Results
Because we did not achieve the desired product purity, we will now write a design spec
to try and reach our goal. Under the Flowsheeting Options tab select Design Spec and
add a new one. This spec will be the calculation of the mass fraction of acetone in the
acetone product stream. We will try to achieve our desired 90 wt% by varying the molar
reflux ratio of the column between 0.5 and 5.0. Specify a tolerance of 0.5% for this spec.
If you do not remember how to do this, refer to Tutorial #5. Hint: the reflux ratio is a
Block-Var.
After you have input your design spec, rerun your simulation. In doing so, you should
get an error that your Aspen simulation did not converge. Close this error message by
hitting the cancel button. Because of the simplifications that are used in this type of
distillation column, the purity level of our product is not affected by the reflux ratio. This
can be confirmed by looking at the Convergence tab in the Data Browser window. Under
this option one of the two solver files should have a red x through it. Opening up this
option and selecting the Spec History tab will open up the window shown in Figure 6.
You will notice in this window that the error values shown in the table do not change as
the reflux ratio does, indicating that our dependent variable value is not changing.
This step was completed to provide a warning to you in your future simulation efforts.
While some of the shortcut methods appear to provide a quick way to obtain results, they
do not always work or provide the accuracy that is desired. For this reason we will
complete the same calculations with the RadFrac column to see if the results are any
different.
59
Figure 6: Convergence Window
RadFrac Distillation:
Close your simulation with the DSTWU distillation column and open up the second
version that you should have saved earlier in this tutorial. Add in a RadFrac distillation
column and three product streams as we did earlier. Your process flowsheet should again
look similar to that seen in Figure 2.
Now open up the Data Browser window and the Blocks option. Input the same process
design conditions for the mixer and then open up the screen related to our new column.
This input window is shown in Figure 7. As you can see, this column requires a lot more
input than the DSTWU column required.
60
Figure 7: RadFrac Input Window
In order to compare the two distillation methods, we must input identical values into this
input window wherever possible. In the Configuration tab select a total condenser, and
change the valid phases to Vapor-Liquid-FreeWaterCondenser. Input a reflux ratio of 1.5
as well (molar basis). In order for us to input a specified product recovery, we must
change one of the operating specifications to the option Distillate to feed ratio. However,
this option is different than that for the DSTWU column and we must select the specific
components that we are specifying the recovery of. To do this hit the Feed Basis button.
Move acetone from the available list to the selected list under the components box and
then hit the close button. Now input a recovery of 0.99. At this point we have input all
of the data that was required of us for the DSTWU column (for this window), but in this
case Aspen still requires more data.
You might remember looking at the reflux ratio to theoretical tray profile in the DSTWU
simulation. In this profile, Aspen had calculated that 10 theoretical trays were required
for a reflux ratio of 1.49. For this reason, we will input 10 trays into this simulation. At
this point the input for the Configuration tab should be complete and your window should
look like that seen in Figure 8.
61
Figure 8: Completed Configuration Input
Under the Streams tab we need to input the location of the feed stream. As discussed in
you mass transfer class, we will put the feed at the middle stage of the column, tray 5. In
addition, your acetone stream should say 1st liquid, your water stream should say free
water, and your MIBK stream should say liquid. This completes the Streams tab input.
You might notice that the tray corresponding to each product stream is shown in this
window. If we had any side draws from our tower or additional feeds, we would need to
input which tray they occur from or to in this window.
In the final input tab, Pressure, we use the same assumption that we used in the DSTWU
simulation, no pressure drop. Again, we will simulate a distillation column that is
operating at 15 psi. Input this as the operating pressure at Stage 1.
At this point our required input is again complete and we are ready to run our simulation.
Reinitialize and run your simulation at this point. You will notice in Figure 9 that this
initial simulation actually calculates a worse purity for our acetone product than that
which was obtained with the DSTWU distillation column. For this reason we will again
try to input a design spec to see if we can achieve our desired 90% purity. Input the same
design spec that we used in the DSTWU distillation simulation and then reinitialize and
rerun your simulation.
62
Tutorial 6 - RadFr ac D istilla tion
Str ea m ID DI STI LL ACETONE FREEW AT MI BK
Te m pera ture F 75.2 138.6 138.6 213.1
P re ssur e psi 50.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
Va por Fra c 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Mole Flow lbm ol/hr 5.774 0.832 0.354 4.587
Ma ss Flow lb/hr 485.182 46.466 6.379 432.336
Volum e Flow c uf t/hr 9.586 0.980 0.104 9.518
Ma ss Flow lb/hr
WATER 12.666 2.021 6.379 4.266
ACETONE 48.835 38.224 10.611
METHY-01 423.681 6.222 417.460
Ma ss Fr ac
WATER 0.026 0.043 1.000 0.010
ACETONE 0.101 0.823 0.025
METHY-01 0.873 0.134 0.966
Figure 9: Initial RadFrac Results
This time your simulation should converge, with an acetone weight percent of 90%. The
results that I obtained are shown below in Figure 10.
Tutorial 6 - RadFrac Distillation

Stream ID DIST ILL ACET ONE FREEWAT M IBK
Temperature F 75.2 136.5 136.5 208.0
Pressure psi 50.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
Vap or Frac 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
M ole Flow lbmol/hr 5.774 0.832 0.234 4.707
M ass Flow lb/hr 485.182 45.126 4.219 435.837
Volume Flow cuft/hr 9.586 0.954 0.069 9.532
Enthalpy M M Btu/hr -0.771 -0.090 -0.029 -0.618
M ass Flow lb/hr
WATER 12.666 1.938 4.219 6.509
ACET ONE 48.835 40.596 8.239
M ETHY-01 423.681 2.592 421.089
M ass Frac
WATER 0.026 0.043 1.000 0.015
ACET ONE 0.101 0.900 0.019
M ETHY-01 0.873 0.057 0.966
Figure 10: Final RadFrac Results
As discussed in Tutorial #2, we should now check our results to make sure that they are
reasonable. We will also check some of the operating parameters for the distillation
column. If you look at the Run Control Panel, you will notice that the second design spec
that we used took 5 iterations to converge, which is quite reasonable. Now open up the
Data Browser window if it is not already open. We will look closely at the results for the
63
RadFrac column because this is the only significant addition to our simulation since the
last time we checked the results closely. Select the appropriate unit operation under the
Blocks option. Scroll down until you see the choice Results Summary and open this
window. This is shown in Figure 11.
Figure 11: RadFrac Results Summary
This window shows the final operating conditions for the distillation column that were
calculated by the program. You can see in this window that our final molar reflux ratio
was 3.13. You can also see the required condenser cooling duty. If you switch to the
Reboiler / Bottom stage option you can see the required heat input into this column as
well.
If you select the Balance tab at the top of the screen, you can see the overall heat and
material balances for the column. You can also see the relative difference in the values
(emphasizing the fact that no simulation is “perfect”).
Under the Profiles option (in the Data Browser options) Aspen presents you with a
summary of the operating conditions for this simulation. Under the TPFQ option you can
see a breakdown of the liquid and vapor flow rates from each tray. You can also modify
the table to show the heat balance or temperature profile. Under the Compositions tab at
the top of the screen, you can see a profile of each of the components throughout the
64
column. If all of your checks appear to be acceptable, you have finished your final Aspen
tutorial.
Next Week: Stand-alone Aspen Problem
Hints for next week’s final Aspen homework problem:
• Use DSTWU to determine the minimum reflux ratio and number of stages.
Under View/Reports, you can generate a report for a DSTWU column that
shows this information (if the inputs are correct).
• An input reflux ratio of -1 causes Aspen to use the minimum reflux ratio. Any
negative number input as a reflux ratio is used as that number times the
minimum reflux ratio (i.e. -2 indicates a reflux ratio of 2*Rmin).
• Tables in the Data Browser window can be plotted by selecting each column one
at a time and then selecting Plot/X-Axis Variable (or Y-Axis Variable). After
each axis variable has been selected the graph can be plotted with Plot/Display
Plot.
65
Question:
Submit a copy of the Input Summary that is generated for your RadFrac distillation
simulation and a stream table with the four final product streams only (two water streams,
an acetone stream, and an MIBK stream). For help doing this, see Tutorial #2.
Solution:
;Input Summary created by Aspen Plus Rel. 12.1 at 09:37:13 Tue Nov 16, 2004
;Directory Filename C:\DOCUME~1\Matt\LOCALS~1\Temp\~ap1a.tmp
TITLE 'Tutorial 6 - RadFrac Distillation'
IN-UNITS ENG
DEF-STREAMS CONVEN ALL
DESCRIPTION "THIS IS THE SOLUTION, DO NOT USE ME”

General Simulation with English Units :
F, psi, lb/hr, lbmol/hr, Btu/hr, cuft/hr.
Property Method: None
Flow basis for input: Mole
Stream report composition: Mole flow

"
DATABANKS PURE12 / AQUEOUS / SOLIDS / INORGANIC / &

NOASPENPCD
PROP-SOURCES PURE12 / AQUEOUS / SOLIDS / INORGANIC
COMPONENTS
WATER H2O /
ACETONE C3H6O-1 /
METHY-01 C6H12O-2
SOLVE
PARAM METHOD=EO
FLOWSHEET
BLOCK MIXER1 IN=FEED MIBK1 OUT=PRODUCT1
BLOCK FLASH1 IN=PRODUCT1 OUT=VAPPROD1 M-A1 W-A1
BLOCK MIXER2 IN=W-A1 MIBK2 OUT=PRODUCT2
BLOCK FLASH2 IN=PRODUCT2 OUT=VAPPROD2 M-A2 WATER
BLOCK MIXER3 IN=M-A1 M-A2 OUT=DISTILL
BLOCK RADFRAC IN=DISTILL OUT=ACETONE MIBK FREEWAT
PROPERTIES NRTL
PROP-DATA NRTL-1
IN-UNITS ENG
PROP-LIST NRTL
BPVAL WATER ACETONE .0544000000 755.9488740 .3000000000 0.0 &
0.0 0.0 68.00000346 203.1800024
BPVAL ACETONE WATER 6.398100000 -3256.183774 .3000000000 &
0.0 0.0 0.0 68.00000346 203.1800024
BPVAL WATER METHY-01 9.162943000 -2247.739182 .2000000000 &
0.0 0.0 0.0 32.00000374 240.8000021
BPVAL METHY-01 WATER -3.230481000 2175.978583 .2000000000 &
0.0 0.0 0.0 32.00000374 240.8000021
BPVAL ACETONE METHY-01 -5.445200000 3300.340834 .3000000000 &
0.0 0.0 0.0 77.00000338 230.2340022
BPVAL METHY-01 ACETONE 5.301300000 -3124.634735 .3000000000 &
0.0 0.0 0.0 77.00000338 230.2340022
STREAM FEED
MASS-FRAC WATER 0.5 / ACETONE 0.5 / METHY-01 0.
STREAM MIBK1
MASS-FRAC METHY-01 1.
STREAM MIBK2
MASS-FRAC METHY-01 1.
BLOCK MIXER1 MIXER

PARAM NPHASE=1 PHASE=L
BLOCK-OPTION FREE-WATER=NO
BLOCK MIXER2 MIXER

PARAM PRES=50. T-EST=75.
BLOCK MIXER3 MIXER
BLOCK FLASH1 FLASH3

PARAM TEMP=75. PRES=50.
BLOCK FLASH2 FLASH3
PARAM TEMP=75. PRES=50.
BLOCK RADFRAC RADFRAC

PARAM NSTAGE=10 NPHASE=2
COL-CONFIG CONDENSER=TOTAL
FEEDS DISTILL 5
PRODUCTS ACETONE 1 L1 / FREEWAT 1 W / MIBK 10 L
P-SPEC 1 15.
COL-SPECS D:F=0.99 RW=0. MOLE-RR=1.5
DB:F-PARAMS COMPS=ACETONE
BLOCK-OPTION FREE-WATER=YES
DESIGN-SPEC A-PURITY
DEFINE ACETON MASS-FRAC STREAM=ACETONE SUBSTREAM=MIXED &
COMPONENT=ACETONE
SPEC "ACETON" TO "0.90"
TOL-SPEC "0.005"
VARY BLOCK-VAR BLOCK=RADFRAC VARIABLE=MOLE-RR &
SENTENCE=COL-SPECS
LIMITS "0.5" "5.0"
DESIGN-SPEC W-PURITY
DEFINE WATER MASS-FRAC STREAM=WATER SUBSTREAM=MIXED &
COMPONENT=WATER
SPEC "WATER" TO "0.95"
TOL-SPEC "0.001"
VARY MASS-FLOW STREAM=MIBK2 SUBSTREAM=MIXED &
COMPONENT=METHY-01
LIMITS "25" "400"
EO-CONV-OPTI
STREAM-REPOR WIDE NOMOLEFLOW MASSFLOW MASSFRAC

;
Tutorial 6 - RadFrac Distillation
Stream ID WATER FREEWAT ACETONE MIBK
Temperature F 75.0 136.5 136.5 208.0
Pres sure psi 50.00 15.00 15.00 15.00
Vapor Frac 0.000 0.000 0.000 0.000
Mole Flow lbmol/hr 2.100 0.234 0.832 4.707
Mass Flow lb/hr 39.294 4.219 45.126 435.837
Volume Flow cuft/hr 0.641 0.069 0.954 9.532
Enthalpy MMBtu/hr -0.258 -0.029 -0.090 -0.618
Mass Flow lb/hr
WATER 37.334 4.219 1.938 6.509
ACETONE 1.165 40.596 8.239
METHY-01 0.795 2.592 421.089
Mass Frac
WATER 0.950 1.000 0.043 0.015
ACETONE 0.030 0.900 0.019
METHY-01 0.020 0.057 0.966
Final Homework and Solution
Question:
A total of 100 lb-mol per hour of a 40 mol% methanol and 60 mol% water mixture is to
be separated at 1 atm to give a distillate that contains 92 mol% methanol and a bottom
product that contains 4 mol% methanol. A total condenser is to be used and the reflux
will be returned to the column as a saturated liquid at its bubble point. An operating
reflux ratio of 1.5 times the minimum will be used. The feed is introduced into the
column as a saturated liquid at its bubble point. Use Aspen Plus to complete the
following: (a) generate a Txy diagram for the water-methanol system at 1 atm, (b)
determine the minimum number of theoretical stages, (c) determine the minimum reflux
ratio, (d) determine the heat loads of the condenser and reboiler for the condition of
minimum reflux, (e) determine the quantities of the distillate and bottom streams using
the actual reflux ratio, (f) determine the actual number of theoretical stages, (g) determine
the heat load of the condenser for the actual reflux ratio, (h) generate a plot of the
temperature profile and composition profile as a function of stage number (for both
methanol and water).
Solution:
(a) From Aspen:
T-xy for WATER/METHANOL
150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215
T-x 1.0 atm

T-y 1.0 atm
Temperature F
0 0.05 0.1 0.15 0.2 0.25 0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55 0.6 0.65 0.7 0.75 0.8 0.85 0.9 0.95 1
Liquid/Vapor Molefrac WATER
(b) The minimum number of theoretical stages is equal to 4.06 stages per a DSTWU
simulation.
(c) The minimum molar reflux ratio is 0.504 per a DSTWU simulation.
(d) At minimum reflux, the condenser duty is ~951,298 BTU/hr and the reboiler duty is
~989,263 BTU/hr (from a DSTWU simulation).
(e) The actual distillate rate is 41.1 lbmol/hr and the actual bottoms rate is 58.9 lbmol/hr
from a RadFrac simulation.
(f) The actual number of theoretical stages is 8 stages per a RadFrac simulation.
(g) The heal load for the condenser at the actual operation conditions is 1,114,319
BTU/hr per a RadFrac simulation.
(h) From a RadFrac simulation:

Block RADFRAC (RadFrac) Profiles TPFQ
205
Temperature
200
195
190 185
TEMPERATURE F
170 175 180
165
160
155
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Stage
Block RADFRAC (RadFrac) Profiles Compositions

1
Y (mole frac) WATER

Y (mole frac) METHANOL
0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9
Stage
DSTWU Report with Solutions:

*** RESULTS ***
DISTILLATE TEMP. (F ) 150.380
BOTTOM TEMP. (F ) 201.425
MINIMUM REFLUX RATIO 0.50445
ACTUAL REFLUX RATIO 0.50496
MINIMUM STAGES 4.06022
ACTUAL EQUILIBRIUM STAGES 196.222
NUMBER OF ACTUAL STAGES ABOVE FEED 122.013
DIST. VS FEED 0.41110
CONDENSER COOLING REQUIRED (BTU/HR ) 951,298.
NET CONDENSER DUTY (BTU/HR ) -951,298.
REBOILER HEATING REQUIRED (BTU/HR ) 989,262.
NET REBOILER DUTY (BTU/HR ) 989,262.
RadFrac Report with Solutions:
*** SUMMARY OF KEY RESULTS ***
TOP STAGE TEMPERATURE F 150.557

BOTTOM STAGE TEMPERATURE F 200.382
TOP STAGE LIQUID FLOW LBMOL/HR 31.0995
BOTTOM STAGE LIQUID FLOW LBMOL/HR 58.9000
TOP STAGE VAPOR FLOW LBMOL/HR 0.0
BOTTOM STAGE VAPOR FLOW LBMOL/HR 64.9746
MOLAR REFLUX RATIO 0.75668
MOLAR BOILUP RATIO 1.10313
CONDENSER DUTY (W/O SUBCOOL) BTU/HR -1,114,320.
REBOILER DUTY BTU/HR 1,150,940.
Notes:

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___

ASPEN PLUS 12.1

Developed in the Fall Quarter of 2004

Figure 1: Available Simulation Templates

We will use the General with English Units option.

Navigating the Aspen Window:

Status Bar Simulation Status

Figure 2: Process Flowsheet Window

Creating a Process Flowsheet:

Figure 3: Required Stream Locations

Figure 5: Data Browser Window

Figure 6: Component Selection

Running the Simulation:

Next week: Convergence and Presentation of Results

Checking Simulation Results:

Figure 1: Convergence Status Window

Adding Stream Tables:

Display Option Format Option

Figure 2: Stream Table Results

Figure 5: Updated Stream Table

Figure 6: Options Window

Printing from Aspen:

Viewing the Input Summary:

Next week: Flash Distillation

TITLE 'Tutorial 1'

DEF-STREAMS CONVEN ALL

Property Method: None

Flow basis for input: Mole

Stream report composition: Mole flow

DATABANKS PURE12 / AQUEOUS / SOLIDS / INORGANIC / &

PROP-SOURCES PURE12 / AQUEOUS / SOLIDS / INORGANIC

BLOCK MIXER1 MIXER

STREAM-REPOR NARROW MOLEFLOW MASSFRAC

Adding a Flash Distillation Unit:

Updating the User Input:

Figure 3: Thermodynamic Base Method

Figure 4: Flash Data Input Options

Running the Simulation and Checking the Results:

Generating Txy and Pxy Diagrams:

Next week: Thermodynamic Methods

Available Thermodynamic Property Methods:

Figure 1: Aspen Plus Help

EOS Property Method K-Value Method

Property Method Liquid Phase Vapor Phase

Recommended Methods for Potential Applications:

Influence of Thermodynamic Method on Our Problem:

Next week: Sensitivity Analysis and Transport Properties

Updating the Simulation:

Figure 2: Stream Results with 50 lbs/hr MIBK Feed

Figure 4: Completed Variable Definition Window

Figure 5: Completed Spec Window

Figure 9: Convergence Results

Table 1: Aspen Property Sets

Property Set Use Properties

Model Equation Application

Figure 12: Property Sets Window

Tuto rial 5 - Sen sitivity A n aly sis

A CETONE 0.50 0 0.26 3 0.09 1 0.22 0 0.07 8

Figure 13: Final Stream Table

* SUMMARY OF KEY RESULTS *