RIZAL’S SECOND TRIP ABROAD

IN HONG KONG AND MACAU And America is the land Pat Excellence of Freedom
 On Feb 3, 1888, after a short stay of 6 months in his but only for the whites.
beloved Calamba, Rizal left Philippines.  They experienced discrimination in America upon
 Half-sick and Disillusion. arrival with the Chinese passengers.
 Zafiro – The streamer he rides on.  Rizal arrived at New York on May 13 and he called
 The vessel arrived in Amoy (Xiamen), china but New York, “The Big Town”.
Rizal did not land Because of his frail health, the
City‘s rainy weather and the refait that the city was RIZAL'S IMPRESSION ABOUT
dirty. AMERICA
 While in HK he met Jose Ma Basa, Balbino Maurico, Positive
and Maurico Yrairte who were farmer exiles from  America is a land of great opportunity especially
the Philippines. for the immigrants
 Rizal and Basa went to Macau, rode on a vessel  It has a large forms and factories
called Kiu-Kiang.  It has a high standard of living

During Rizal's two weeks’ vacation in Hong Negative

Kong  Rival Discrimination
He studied Chinese life and observe the following:  He left New York on May 1888 – March 1889
1. The Chinese new year.
2. Chinese theaters. LONDON
3. The Marathon Lauri at Party. He lived in London from May 1888-March 1889 for 3
4. The richest religious group in HK is the Dominican Reasons:
Order. 1. To improve his knowledge on English.
5. The cemeteries in HK. 2. To study Dr. Antonio de Morga's SUCCESORS
DE LAS ISLAS FILIPINAS, with found in the
Oceanic – an American vessel British Museum.
3. London was safe from Spaniards.
JAPAN  He worked in the British Museum Library, studied,
The Land of Cherry Blossom. The Land of the Rising copied and published Morgan's book.
Sun  He stayed as a guest of Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidot.
 Tokyo – Later he moved over to Spanish legation  By May, He moved to a boarding house owned by
on invitation by secretary Juan Perez Caballeho the Beckett family.
 Rizal arrived at Yokohane.  Because he was on excellent linguist, he became
 He stayed at Grand Hotel. friends with Dr. Reinhold Rost, A sanskrit scholar
 The next day he went to Tokyo and stay there for 3 of that century
days  Rost was impressed with his manners and called
 Later he moved over to the Spanish Legation on him “UNA PERLA DE HOMBRE” or pearl of a Man
invitation of its secretary, Juan Perez Caballero
 He accepted the invitational since staying with the NEWS FROM CALAMBA
Spaniards would save him money and he believed  Persecution of Calamba Tenants
that he had nothing to hide from them.  Manuel Hidalgo, Saturnina’s husband was exiled in
 Rizal was impressed of Japan's Culture Bohol
 The beauty of the country.  Laureano Viado, was arrested for possessing
 Kimono copies of Noli
 Hospitality  Rev. Vicente Garcia’s favorable defense of the Noli
 Gift-giving  Reformists in Barcelona
 Politeness  Foundation of the ASSOCIATION LA
 Few beggars on the streets ; few Thieves SOLIDARIDAD
 Clean houses Pres: Galiciano Apacible
 Japanese are Happy and Industrious Vice Pres: Graciano Lopez Jaena
 Rizal took time to learn the language and customs Honorary Pres: Jose Rizal
of Japan.  Graciano Lopez Jaena founded the newspaper LA
 He was embarrassed, because he looks like SOLIDADRIDAD
Japanese but could not speak Japanese.  Rizal first article: LOS AGRICULTORES FILIPINOS
(The Filipino Farmers)
SEIKO USUI OR OSEI-SAN  Pen names: Dimasalang, Laong Laan
 Rizal's love interest in Japan.  He wrote a pamphlet against Jose Rodriguez “LA
 For 45 days he stayed in Japan. VISION DEL FRAY Rodriguez”
 Rizal left yokohama on April 13, 1888 on board the  Letter to the young women of Malolos
streamer
 BELGIC bound for USA. PARIS FRANCE, MARCH 1889
 Paris in the spring of 1889 was bursting with
UNITED STATES OF AMERICA happiness and excitement because of the Universal
 Rizal boarded the English vessel Belgic on April 18, Exposition
1888.  Too many tourists in the City so that he stayed with
 Rizal reached San Francisco. Dubbed American as Valentin Ventusa, and finally he lived in a little
“A motherland for the poor who wish to work”. room together with two other Filipinos.
 Life in Paris – He used most his time with the  He stayed in Biarritz for one month. He finished El
library checking and reading his historical Filibusterismo and retired from the Propaganda
annotations on Morga’s Book in the Bibliotheque movement and he wanted to focus on publishing El
Nationale (National Library) Filibusterismo.
 Rizal’s outstanding achievement in Paris was the
publication on 1890 of his annotated edition of EL FILIBUSTERISMO PUBLISHED IN
SUCESOS delas Islas Filipinos (Events in the GHENT, BELGIUM
Philippine Island) written by Antonio de Morga  Days flew swiftly for Rizal in Brussels like flying
 He was fascinated by the Universal Explosion, arrows, day in and day out, He was busy revising
especially the Eiffel Tower – May 6, 1889 and polishing the manuscript of El Filibusterismo
 He organized the Kidlat Club with the Filipinos so that it could be ready for the press.
who wanted to join the expo.  He had begun writing it in October 1887, while
 Kidlat Club – purely a social society of a practicing medicine in Calamba. The following year
temporary nature. (1888) in London, He made some changes. He
 Founded by Rizal simply to bring together young wrote more chapters in Paris and Madrid and
Filipinos in the French capital so that they could finished the manuscript in Biarritz 1891. It took
enjoy their sojourn (a temporary stay) in the city him 3 years to finish his second novel.
during the duration on the Universal Explosion.  Rizal left Brussels for Ghent, a famous city in
Belgium. His reasons for moving were:
INDIOS BRAVOS 1. To cost of printing in Ghent was cheaper than
 Famed by Rizal and he noted that the Filipinos in Brussels.
should not be ashamed of the race instead should 2. To escape from the enticing attraction of Petite
be proud of it. Suzanne.
 Rizal lived in a cheap boarding house with Jose
BRUSSELS, BELGIUM (1890) Alejandrino. There was a very frugal life. To
 On Jan. 1890 Rizal left Paris for Brussels, capital of economize, they prepared their own daily
Belgium for two reasons: breakfast in their room.
1. The cost of living in Paris was very high
2. The gay social life of the city hampered his THE PRINTING OF EL FILIBUSTERISMO
literary works, especially the writing of his  He searched for a printing shop that could give him
second novel El Filibusterismo the lowest quotation for the publication of his
 Jose Albert accompanied him to Brussels. He lived novel.
with Jose Alejandro  F Meyer – Van Loo Pres. A publisher who was
 He criticized his fellow Filipinos in Madrid willing to print his book on installment basis.
reminding those most to gamble too much for they  He pawned his jewels in order to pay the low down
destroy the nation’s reputation. He was exec called payment and the early partial payments during the
POPE instead of PEPE. printing of the novel.
 As the printing was going on, Rizal became
BAD NEWS FROM CALAMBA desperate because his funds were running low and
 Calamba agrarian trouble the money he expected from his friends did not
 Increasing rents of the hacienda lands by the arrived.
Dominicans  When everything seemed lost, help came from an
 An order forms the Dominicans to dispose the unexpected source. Valentin Ventura in Paris
Rizal family’s land from them. learned of Rizal’s predicament and immediately
 Persecution of the tenants. sent him the necessary funds. With his financial
 Paciano, Antonio Lopez, Silvestre Ubaldo was aid, the printing of the El Filibusterismo was
deported to Mindoro resumed on September 18, 1891. El Filibusterismo
 Manuel Hidalgo was banished to Bohol again. came off the press.
 This made Rizal feel the urge to go home for his  On October 18, 1891, Rizal boarded the streams
people and family. But his friends, Blumentrit, Melbourne in Marseilles bound for Hong Kong.
Basa and Ponce warned him of danger. He
changes his mind of going home because he RIZAL IN HONGKONG
heard from Paciano that they lost their  Rizal arrived in Hongkong on November 20, 1891.
agrarian case. Rizal planned to raise the case in He welcomed by Jose Ma. Basa. December 01,
Madrid. He plans to defend it in Spain. 1891, He wrote to his parents asking their
permission to return home. On the same date
MADRID’ SPAIN (1890 – 1891) Manuel Hidalgo sent a letter telling him the sad
 Early in Aug. 1890, Rizal arrived in Madrid. While news in Calamba.
he was staying in Madrid, Rizal experienced so  Before Christmas of 1891 he was gladdened by the
many misfortunes. arrival of his father, brother and Silvestre Ubaldo
1. Failure to get justice for his family. (his brother in law) in Hongkong. Met long
2. The death of Jose Maria Panganiban. afterwards his mother and sister Lucia, Josefa and
3. The aborted duel with Antonio Luna. Trinidad also arrived.
4. The infidelity of Leonor Rivera, planning to get  Christmas of 1891 in Hongkong was one of the
married to an English man. happiest Yuletide celebrations in Rizal’s life for he
5. Rizal and Del Pilar’s rivalry in the leadership had a happy family reunion.
from the LA SOLIDARIDAD  To earn a living for himself and for his family, Rizal
practiced medicine. Aside from an eye specialist, he
BIARRITZ, FRANCE was a general practitioner.
 Rizal wanted to take a rest from the problems he  The most important writings made by Rizal during
was carrying. his stay in Hongkong were the Constitution of the
 La Liga Filipina (Philippine League) an association
of patriotic Filipinos for civic purposes.
 In May 1892, Rizal made up his mind to return to
Manila for the following reasons:
1. To confess with Governor Despujol regarding
the Borneo colonization project.
2. To establish the La Liga Filipina in Manila.
3. To prove that Eduardo de Lete was wrong in
attacking him in Madrid.
 RIZAL’S SECOND HOME COMING AND
THE LA LIGA FILIPINA
RIZAL’S REASON FOR 2ND HOME GACETA DE MANILA
COMING Published the story of Rizal's arrest which produced
1. To confer with Governor Eulogio Despujol commotion among the Filipino People, particularly the
regarding his proposal on the Borneo colonization. members of the newly organized La Liga Filipina.
2. To Established the La Liga Filipina.
3. To prove to his detractors that they are wrong in JULY 15, 1892
accusing Rizal of being coward. Rizal was brought under heavy guard to the steamer
Cebu which was sailing for Dapitan.
Rizal and his sister Lucia arrived in Manila and went to
Malacañang to talk to the Spanish Governor General
Despujol.

JUNE 27
Rizal boarded a train in tutuban Station to visit his
friends in:
 Malolos
 Bulacan
 San Fernando
 Bacolor

PROBLEM
The homes he had visited were seized by the Guardia
Civil.

Rizal returned to Malacañang and thanks Despujol for

having lifted the exile of his sister. He asks Rizal to
return again.

July 1892
Rizal attended a meeting of the patriots at the home of
the Chinese-Filipino mestizo, Doroteo Ongjunco in
Tondo, Manila.

THE OBJECTIVES OF LA LIGA FILIPINA

1. To unite the archipelago into one compact and
homogenous body.
2. Mutual protection in every want and necessity.
3. Defense against all violence and injustice.
4. Encourage of Education, Agriculture and
Commerce.
5. Study of Application and reforms.

THE MOTTO OF THE LA LIGA FILIPINA

“unus instar omnium” (one like all)

THE ELECTED OFFICERS OF THE NEW

LEAGUE
Founder: Jose Rizal
President: Ambrosio Salvador
Secretary: Deodato Arellano
Treasurer: Bonifacio Arevalo
Fiscal: Agustin Dela Rosa

THE DUTIES OF THE LA LIGA MEMBERS

1. Obey the orders of the Supreme Council.
2. To help in recruiting new members.
3. To keep the secrecy the decisions of
the Liga authorities.
4. To report to the fiscal anything that he
may hear which affects the Liga.
5. To help fellow members in all ways.

JULY 6, 1892
Rizal was placed under arrest and escorted to Fort
Santiago by Ramon Despujol.
 RIZAL’S EXILE, ARREST, AND EXECUTION
RIZAL’S EXILE  Rizal’s actual trial began on December 26, 1896
 August 6, 1896 – upon arriving in Manila Bay, and it was held at the Hall of Banners of the Cuartel
Rizal was not able to leave immediately for Spain de Espana in Fort Santiago.
since the vessel Isle de Luzon already left.  Rizal was charged with three crimes; rebellion,
 He was transferred to Spanish cruiser Castilla and sedition, and formation of illegal associations.
stayed there for a month from August 6 to  In defending himself, Rizal presented twelve
September 2, 1896. arguments.
 August 19, 1896 – the Katipunan plot to  The court judge Rizal guilty for the charges and
overthrow the Spanish rule by means of revolution. voted for the death penalty.
It was discovered by Fr. Mariano Gil after Teodoro  December 28, 1896 – Governor General Poloveja
Patino’s disclosure of organization’s secrets. signed Rizal’s death warrant ordering him to be
 At that time, Katipunan was already discovered shot at 7:00 o’clock in the morning at Bagumbayan.
and the Philippine Revolution was raging.  Rizal signed it saying that he was innocent.
 In the afternoon, Governor General Blanco
proclaimed a state of war in the first eight (8) RIZAL’S FINAL DAYS
provinces for rising arms against Spain. Manila,  Rizal was transferred to the prison chapel
Bulacan, Cavite, Batangas, Laguna, Pampanga,  Fr. Miguel Saderra Mata, Rectar of the Ateneo
Nueva Ecija, and Tarlac. Municipal and Fr. Luis Viza.
 Rizal received letters from Governor General  Fr. Luis Viza brought the image of the Sacred Heart
Blanco which absolved him from all the blame for of Jesus.
the raging revolution.  Fr. Antonio Rosell – he ate breakfast with Rizal.
 He transferred to Isla de Panay which was sailing  Lt. Taviel de Andrade – also arrived and Rizal
for Barcelona, Spain. thanked him for his gallant services.
 Don Pedro Roxas advised Rizal to stay and take  Fr. Balaguer – he remained with Rizal around noon.
advantage of the protection of British Law.  At 3:00 o’clock in the afternoon, Fr. Balaguer
returned and tried to persuade Rizal to retract his
RIZAL’S ARREST AND TRIAL Masonic beliefs but Rizal remained firm. After he
 September 3 – the Isla de Panay had already sailed left, Rizal’s mother and sisters arrived.
past Port Said in Egypt and was now sailing in the  Rizal gave an alcohol stove to Trinidad which was a
Mediterranean. gift from Pardo de Tavera and whispered to her in
 A telegraphic message was received ordering that English. “There is something inside?” He also told
Rizal be placed under arrest. her to look inside his shoes after he is executed.
 Bernardino Nozaleda – Archbishop of Manila who  After his family left, Father Villaclara and Fr.
clamored for the arrest of Rizal who was said to be Balaguer again arrived to convince Rizal to Retract.
the spirit of the Philippine Revolution.  By eight in the evening, Fr. Balaguer returned with
 October 3 – the Isla de Panay arrived in Barcelona Fr. Viza and again talked with Rizal on religions
and Rizal was sent to a prison fortress, Montjuich matters. At this point, they were joined by Fiscal
Castle. Gasper Castano of the Royal Audiencia.
 Rizal’s interview with Despujol he would be  At around 10:00 p.m., a draft of retraction arrived
shipped back to Manila. from Archbishop Bernandino Nozaleda.
 On the night of the same day, after the interview,  Another draft of retraction was made by Fr. Pio Pi –
Rizal was taken aboard the COLON which was the superior of the Jesuit Mission of the
loaded with Spanish troops sailed for Manila. Philippines.
 Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor and Sixto Lopez – they  At 11:30 p.m., Rizal signed his retraction from the
exerted all their efforts to find a lawyer in Freemasonry and it was witnessed by Juan Del
Singapore who could aid their friend. Fiesno – the chief of the guard and the Adjutant of
 Attorney Hugh Fort – an English lawyer in the Plaza Elroy Moure.
Singapore.  After signing, Rizal had confession with Fr.
 Unfortunately, Chief Justice Lionel, the judge in Villaclara and rested afterwards.
Singapore denied the request.  At 5:00 a.m., Rizal had last breakfast, autographed
 November 3, 1896 – Rizal was brought before a his remaining books which become his last
Spanish military tribunal headed by Colonel souvenirs.
Francisco Olive.  Fr. Balaguer – he performed the marriage rites of
 Fifteen documents were used as evidence against Rizal and Josephine.
him.  Rizal gave a book to Josephine, Imitacion de Cristo
 Oral testimonies were taken and were used to by Thomas Kempis which he autographed.
implicate Rizal in Philippine Revolution.  Afterwards, he wrote three farewell letters to: his
 It was decided that there was prima facie evidence parents, Blumentritt, and Paciano.
against Rizal.  At around 6:30, Rizal was taken from cell and the
 Governor General appointed Captain Rafael march to Bagumbayan began.
Dominguez to institute charges against Rizal.  A colonel took Rizal to the site of his execution.
 Lt. Luis Taviel de Andrade – the lawyer of Rizal and  Rizal had requested to firing squad to spare his
brother of his former bodyguard Jose Taviel de head which was granted.
Andrade.  He also requested to be shot at his front, but it was
 December 13 – the case was forwarded to denied.
Governor General Camilo de Polaveja –  Dr. Felipe Ruiz Castillo took Rizal’s pulse and found
replacement of Government Blanco. that it was normal.
 The commanding officer ordered his men to aim by
means of his saber and there was a simultaneous
crack with gunfire and Rizal made one last effort to
drop on his back with his face facing the sun.