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File Management

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yashmit mavi
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20 views

File Management

Uploaded by

yashmit mavi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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File Management

File System
• Provide a means to store data organized as files as well as a
collection of functions that can be performed on files
• Maintain a set of attributes associated with the file
• Typical operations include:
• Create
• Delete
• Open
• Close
• Read
• Write
File Structure
Record
• collection of related fields that can be treated as a unit by
some application program
• fixed or variable length
File
• collection of similar records
• treated as a single entity
• may be referenced by name
• access control restrictions
File System Software Architecture
Device Drivers
• Lowest level
• Communicates directly with peripheral devices
• Responsible for starting I/O operations on a device

Basic File System


• Deals with blocks of data that are exchanged with disk or tape
systems
• Concerned with the placement of blocks on the secondary
storage device
• Concerned with buffering blocks in main memory
Basic I/O Supervisor
• Responsible for all file I/O initiation and termination
• Maintains control structures that deal with device I/O,
scheduling, and file status
• Selects the device on which I/O is to be performed
• Concerned with scheduling disk and tape accesses to optimize
performance
• I/O buffers are assigned and secondary memory is allocated at
this level
Logical I/O
• Maintains basic data about files
• Enables users and applications to access file records
Access Method
• Level of the file system closest to the user
• Provides a standard interface between applications and the
file systems and devices that hold the data
• Different access methods reflect different file structures and
different ways of accessing and processing the data
File Management
The Pile
• Least complicated form of file organization
• Data are collected in the order they arrive
• Each record consists of one burst of data
• Purpose is simply to accumulate the mass of data and save it
• Record access is by exhaustive search
Sequential File
• Most common form of file structure
• A fixed format is used for records
• Key field uniquely identifies the record
• Typically used in batch applications
Indexed Sequential File
• Adds an index to the file to support random access
• Adds an overflow file
• Greatly reduces the time required to access a single record
• Multiple levels of indexing can be used to provide greater
efficiency in access
Indexed File
• Records are accessed only through their indexes
• Variable-length records can be employed
• Exhaustive index contains one entry for every record in the
main file
• Partial index contains entries to records where the field of
interest exists
• Used mostly in applications where timeliness of information is
critical
Direct or Hashed file
• Access directly any block of a known address
• Makes use of hashing on the key value
Often used where:
• very rapid access is required
• fixed-length records are used
• records are always accessed one at a time
File Directory
Directory Operations
• To understand the requirements for a file structure, it is
helpful to consider the types of operations that may be
performed on the directory:
• Search
• Create files
• Delete files
• List directory
• Update directory
Tree-Structured Directory
Access Rights
• None -user would not be allowed to read the user directory
that includes the file
• Knowledge -user can determine that the file exists and who its
owner is and can then petition the owner for additional
access rights
• Execution -user can load and execute a program but cannot
copy it
• Reading -user can read the file for any purpose, including
copying and execution
• Appending -user can add data to the file but cannot modify or
delete any of the file’s contents
• Updating -user can modify, delete, and add to the file’s data
• Deletion -user can delete the file from the file system

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