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Kombolcha Institute of Technology: Building Construction

1. Floors are a key structural element in buildings that provide a level surface to support occupants, furniture, equipment, and partitions. Floors must provide strength, insulation, fire resistance, and prevent dampness. 2. Floors are classified as either ground floors or upper floors. Ground floors include solid floors built directly on the ground, suspended floors above ground level, and basement floors. Upper floors are supported by beams, walls, or columns. 3. Reinforced concrete is commonly used for modern floors due to its durability, fire resistance, and ability to span large areas. Cast in place concrete floors include simple slab, beam and slab, flat slab, and drop slab designs.

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124 views26 pages

Kombolcha Institute of Technology: Building Construction

1. Floors are a key structural element in buildings that provide a level surface to support occupants, furniture, equipment, and partitions. Floors must provide strength, insulation, fire resistance, and prevent dampness. 2. Floors are classified as either ground floors or upper floors. Ground floors include solid floors built directly on the ground, suspended floors above ground level, and basement floors. Upper floors are supported by beams, walls, or columns. 3. Reinforced concrete is commonly used for modern floors due to its durability, fire resistance, and ability to span large areas. Cast in place concrete floors include simple slab, beam and slab, flat slab, and drop slab designs.

Uploaded by

bini1221
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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KIOT

W0ll0 University
Kombolcha Institute of Technology
Department of Civil Engineering

Building Construction
(Ceng 3103)
Lecture - 5

PREPARED BY :ABDUSELAM H.
I. Floors:
• The major purpose of floors is to provide a
level surface with capable of supporting:
The occupants of building
Furniture
Equipment
Internal Partition.
Cont’d…
• To perform its function floor must satisfy the
following requirements:
 Sound & Thermals insulation
 Fire resistant
 Adequate Strength & Stability
 Prevent dampness and growth of vegetable
matter and living organisms inside building.
Cont’d…
• Floors are provided to divide a building in
to different levels for creating more
accommodation one above the other within
certain limited space.
• Floors are classified as ground floor and
upper floor.
• The floors resting directly on the ground
surface are known as ground floors.
• While the other floors of each storey,
situated above the ground level are known
as upper floors.
Components of a floor
A floor is composed of two essential
components:
 Sub-floor, base course or floor base

 Floor covering or simply, floor Finish


The floor base is a structural component,
which supports the floor covering.
Ground Floor:
• Ground floors are further subdivided into
solid floors, suspended floors and
basement floors.
I) Solid floors
• The floors supported directly on the ground
are known as solid floors.
• A solid ground floor consists of three main
components.
a. Hard core: The main purpose is to prevent
the settlement and support the floor slab.
Cont’d…
b. Damp proof membrane: an
impervious layer such as heavy duty
polythene sheeting to prevent moisture
passing through the floor to the
interior of the building.
c. Concrete bed: the component
providing the solid level surface to
which screeds and finishes can be
applied.
Basic ground Floor Parts
1. Compacted Earth fill
2. Hard coring.
3. Lean Concrete
5

4. D.P.C 4
3

5. Cement concrete 2
1

6. Floor finish
Cont’d…
II) Suspended floors
• These are floors supported above
the ground level. Suspended
floors do not rely on the ground for
support.
Being supported on other elements
of structure, there is a void beneath
these floors.
Cont’d…
• Suspended floor is needed on the following
occasions:
soil with a low bearing capacity,
Need of Constructing timber floors.
 soils containing aggressive
chemicals,
 sites with high water levels.
Cont’d…
• Suspended floors are most commonly
constructed using timber and concrete beams
and blocks.

Construction of Suspended timber floors Suspended concrete beam and blocks


Cont’d…
III) Basement floors
• These are floors resting at the
lowest/basement level.
• Resistance to moisture ingress is
one of the main criteria in the
design of basement floors.
• An upper floor is basically a principal
structural element, and are supported on
beams, walls or on columns.
• The structural design of the upper floors has
to be such as to support:
The loads set up by the user of the
building,
Self weight of the floor,
Weight of partitions, etc.
Functional Requirements Of Upper Floors
1. Sustain its own weight and any other weights
imposed on it.
2. Offer fire resistance especially in very tall
buildings.
3. Minimize noise transfer from upper floor to the
lower floor.
4. Be reasonably durable: minimum maintenance and
replacement.
5. Provide an acceptable surface finish which is safe,
comfortable, clean and of good appearance.
6. prevent dampness.
Cont’d…
• Upper floors are regarded to be
composed of three parts:
 The structural element,
Upper surface or floor finish,
 Lower surface or ceiling.
Concrete Floors (R.C.C Floors)
• Floors of modern buildings are invariably
made of reinforced cement concrete (R.C.C)
for different advantages:
 Moderately cheap,
 Quite durable,
 Easy to construct,
 Fire proof and damp proof,
 Can be used in large spans, etc.
• R.C.C floors can be cast in situ or
prefabricated.
Cast In Situ R.C.C Floors
• Based on the design requirements cast in
situ concrete can be:
Simple slab flooring
Beam and slab flooring
Flat slab flooring
Ribbed flooring (partially)
Rise & Drop slab floor
A) Simple Slab Flooring
• Reinforcement bars are placed at the bottom of
the slab keeping the minimum clear cover of
15mm.
• Half of the bars are bent up near ends to take up
the negative bending moment at the ends.
One way reinforced slab (L/W > 1.5or 2). : the
main reinforcement is placed in the direction of
the shortest side.
 Two way reinforced slab (L/W <1.5 or 2). : the
main reinforcement is placed in both directions.
Cont’d…
B) Beam And Slab Flooring
• When the width of the room becomes more, the
span of slab increases, and simple R.C.C slab
becomes more uneconomical. In that case, the
floor structure consists of RCC beams and slab
cast monolithically.
• The beams known as T-beams, act as
intermediate supports to the slab which is
continuous over these beams.
• When the size is very large, these floor beams are
supported on longitudinal beams Which are either
supported on R.C.C. columns or end walls.
Cont’d…
C) Flat Slab Flooring
• Flat slab is a typical construction type in which a
reinforced slab is built monolithically with the
supporting columns and is reinforced in two or more
directions, without any provision of beams.
• The flat slab transfers the load directly to the supporting
columns suitably spaced below the slab.
• The slab in a flat slab construction may be either with
drop or without drop.
• Drop is the part of the lab around the column which is
of greater thickness than the rest of the slab.
Cont’d…
D) Drop Slab Flooring
• A floor slab which is thickened between columns
in the form of a shallow but wide beam.
E) Ribbed Slab Flooring
• Advantages of ribbed slab:
They are light in weight.
They provide better thermal insulation.
They have better sound proofing qualities.
They have better fire resistance.
 Convenient installation of electrical and
plumbing.
Relatively less in cost.
.

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