TRAFFIC VOLUME STUDIES & CONGESTION

SOLUTIONS
SHAIB SHABIR, VISHAL SINGH, VIMALRAJ, BALA MURUGAN
Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, India

ABSTRACT - Traffic congestion could be a Where congestion is common, for example because
condition in transport that's characterized of commuting in big cities, several methods are
by slower speeds, longer trip times, and used to relieve it. Cars may be banned in certain
increased vehicular queuing. hold up on districts or certain times, or made to carry
urban road networks has increased passengers or pay a fee, or people may use public
substantially, since the 1950s. When traffic transport, such as rapid transit, which travel
demand is great enough that the interaction independently of car traffic and are not affected by
traffic jams.
between vehicles slows the speed of the
traffic stream, this ends up in some Traffic congestion is not primarily a problem, but
congestion. While congestion could be a rather the solution to our basic mobility problem,
possibility for any mode of transportation, which is that too many people want to move at the
this text will specialize in automobile same times each day. Why? Because efficient
congestion on public roads. Traffic volume operation of both the economy and school systems
studies are conducted to see the quantity of requires that people work, go to school, and even
traffic moving on the roads and run errands during about the same hours so they
classifications of roadway vehicles at a can interact with each other. That basic requirement
specific section during a selected time. As cannot be altered without crippling our economy
and society. The same problem exists in every
demand approaches the capacity of a road
major metropolitan area in the world.
(or of the intersections along the road),
extreme tie up sets in. When vehicles are Traffic surveys are required to transportation
fully stopped for periods of time, this is engineers for:
known as a holdup or (informally) a traffic  Planning and designing traffic facilities &
snarl-up. traffic jam can result in drivers determining the need for traffic control
becoming frustrated and fascinating in devices.
violence. Traffic Volume survey is that the  Studying the effectiveness of introduced
determination of the amount, movement schemes.
and classifications of roadway vehicles at a
given location.  Diagnosing given situations and finding
appropriate solutions.

I. INTRODUCTION  Forecasting the effects of projected

strategies.
Traffic congestion is when vehicles travel slower
because there is too much traffic on roads. This  Calibrating and validating traffic models
makes trip times longer, and increases queuing. etc.
This is also known as a traffic jam. Congestion may II. OBJECTIVES
result from a decrease in capacity, for example
accidents on the road or roads being closed. Bad  To observe the different type of vehicle
road layouts can also restrict capacity. Increased composition.
traffic, for example by many cars leaving a sports  To study the traffic stream and its
stadium at the same time, can also cause properties.
congestion.
  To calculate the average daily traffic at to which traffic induced. Further studies are done
different hours. for vehicular traffic flow and public transport flow.
 To determine the Traffic directional
This study helps to reduce the traffic flow over
distribution.
 To determine and provide solution for different hours and to learn about its properties by
traffic flow fluctuation. AUOTMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION.

III. METHODOLOGY

Primary data collection

Design

Identification of critical deficiencies or

Traffic Stream Planning
problems

Deficiencies analysis

Computing
SCOPES
Recommendations of measures Accident Rates
Improvement

Implementation of plans and measures

Estimating Dynamic
Highway Traffic
Usage Management

CLASSIFICATION OF TRAFFIC SURVEY

 Traffic Stream characteristics – volume, V. WORK

speeds, density, and occupancy studies etc.
As per our topic, Traffic Volume Studies and
 Axle load survey.
Congestion Solution, getting various methods
 Capacity studies of streets and
,solution and implementation for the solution
intersections.
process from the journal papers.
 Travel demand – Home interview survey.
Our team has decided to select NOIDA (New
 Studies of road users cost.
Okhla Industrial Development Authority) for
 Parking supply and demand studies.
survey ,as it is a HUB( for Business, Commercial
 Inventories of road-traffic physical
and Education) due to which lot of traffic arrises in
features.
the peak hours.
 Traffic accident studies.
 Environmental impact studies of transport.
 The data’s are considered from: -
 System usage studies.
 https://data.gov.in/
 https:/analyticsindiamag.com/
IV. SCOPE  https://www.kaggle.com/

This paper is made to study the traffic stream

properties of Noida, as it is a city that represents
everything urban. Concrete jungles, express
highways, hundreds of IT companies, sky-kissing
buildings, flyways, and neatly landscaped park due
 VEHICULAR TRAFFIC FLOW

 The road network under consideration for

the project starts from kilometerage 13 to
t-point at Sec.18 Metro station.
 The total length of the project route is 9.7
kms.
 The selected route consists of 4 lanes from
C.I.S.F. camp t- point to Sec.62 Police
chowki t-point enrouting 2 lanes for each
direction of flow, and from there on
consists of 6 lanes providing 3 lanes for
each directions of movement.

TRAFFIC FLOW
Avg. Traffic Volume (vehicles/hr)

50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Lane Direction (POINT)

MAMURA INTERSECTION SEC. 61 INTERSECTION

SEWAGE PLANT INTERSECTION SEC.31 INTERSECTION
one-way road network providing two extra lane for
the coming traffic of Vijay Nagar and Vasundhara
VI. RESULT side towards NOIDA for the first half time of the
day. While during the second half time of the day
The enforced flyover with a start point 150 m after the opposite traffic from the NOIDA and Anand
kilometrage 13 to 75 m ahead of the Sec.62 chowki Vihar side can be allowed to overpass the flyover
t-point can be constructed to provide two extra resulting in the reduced traffic congestion at parts
lanes for the road users which can be used by the A, B, C, D of the region as mentioned earlier.
opposite traffic at different time of the day. With
total span of about 500 m the flyover can work as a
 employed. GSM and EVDO are the most common
services applied, because of the low data rate
needed for AVL, and the low cost and near-
ITS is an umbrella term for advanced automation in ubiquitous nature of these public networks. The
moving vehicles. It includes vehicle-to-vehicle low bandwidth requirements also allow for satellite
communication systems as well as collision technology to receive telemetry data at a
avoidance and crash detection systems. ITS also moderately higher cost, but across a global
covers systems that monitor traffic in order to coverage area and into very remote locations not
control signal lights, electronic speed limit signs, covered well by terrestrial radio or public carriers.
reversible lanes and other highway safety Other options for determining actual location, for
components. example in environments where GPS illumination
is poor, are dead reckoning, i.e. inertial navigation,
AUTOMATIC VEHICLE LOCATION or active RFID systems or
Automatic vehicle location (AVL or cooperative RTLS systems. These systems may be
~locating; tele locating in EU) is a means for applied in combination in some cases. In addition,
automatically determining and transmitting terrestrial radio positioning systems using a low
the geographic location of a vehicle. This vehicle frequency switched packet radio network have also
location data, from one or more vehicles, may then been used as an alternative to GPS based systems.
be collected by a vehicle tracking system to Matrix Method for Analysis of Intersections
manage an overview of vehicle travel. As of 2017,
GPS technology has reached the point of having the This is the tool developed by us to study the traffic
transmitting device be smaller than the size of a flow pattern at particular intersection. With the help
human thumb (thus easier to conceal), able to run 6 of this, it easily provides solution to tackle traffic
months or more between battery charges, easy to flow at the intersection. It also helps to decide
communicate with smartphones  whether there is a need for a flyover or tunnel and
if yes then its orientation. Plus, this system is easily
Automatic vehicle locating is a powerful tool for
adaptable with computer programming.
managing fleets of vehicles such as service
vehicles, emergency vehicles, and public transport
vehicles such as buses and trains. It is also used to
track mobile assets, such as non-wheeled
construction equipment, non-motorized trailers, and
mobile power generators. AVL is often utilized by
government agencies, such as Public Safety and
Parks and Recreation, to track the movement of
patrol units, emergency responders, and field
workers.
Another purpose of tracking is to provide graded
service or to manage a large driver and crewing Time based Reversible traffic flow system
staff effectively. For example, suppose an
ambulance fleet has an objective of arriving at the During morning peak hours, one direction lanes of
location of a call for service within six minutes of roads are over congested and opposite lanes are
receiving the request. Using an AVL system allows with a few vehicles. Whereas in evening hours’
to evaluate the locations of all vehicles in service condition is just reversed. To tackle this problem,
with drivers and other crew in order to pick the there should be controllable gates/barriers through
vehicle that will most likely arrive at the ITS command centre just before the undivided
destination fastest, Most commonly, the location is road/flyover/tunnel. There should be LED message
determined using GPS and the transmission boards, CCTVs, NPRDs controlled by the ITS
mechanism is SMS, GPRS, or a satellite or command centre at proper distances from the end
terrestrial radio from the vehicle to a radio receiver. and start point.
A single antenna unit covering all the needed
frequency bands can be
 VII. TOOLS intersections and traffic congestions. It also showed
Using CCTV: - CCTV cameras play an important the expressive power of AVL in diverse field of
part in road network management. They are research and it is very clear that application of AI
installed at sensitive locations on the network to in intelligent transport system- transportation
support traffic management, where congestion infrastructure, passenger’s information, and traffic
and traffic queues are frequent and at other and mobility management will greatly address the
locations where there is an increased risk of current traffic issues and the problem of gap
accidents and traffic incidents. acceptance in un signalized road intersection
Using NPRD: - LED Message boards:- is an leading to road safety and healthy traffic efficiency.
electronic traffic sign often used on roadways to Constructing the flyover will lead to overcome the
give travellers information about special events. problem traffic flow fluctuation in the peak hours.
Such signs warn of traffic congestion, accidents,
incidents such as terrorist attacks, AMBER/ Silver / IX. REFERENCES
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