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BTEE/271J/2020 Nzomo Joshau Kiima Material Science Assignment 1

Shoes can be made from various materials including leather, rubber, plastics, and textiles. Leather shoes are flexible, durable, and breathable but also expensive. Textiles like cotton, polyester, and nylon are versatile but each has different properties. Synthetic materials like PU leather are affordable for manufacturers and consumers. Rubber is commonly used for shoe soles. Optical lenses can be made from glass, plastic, or polycarbonate. Polycarbonate lenses are lighter and clearer but scratch more easily. Trivex lenses have better clarity and are lighter than polycarbonate. Glass lenses block UV light but are heavy. Water bottles can be made from plastic, glass, metal

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44 views3 pages

BTEE/271J/2020 Nzomo Joshau Kiima Material Science Assignment 1

Shoes can be made from various materials including leather, rubber, plastics, and textiles. Leather shoes are flexible, durable, and breathable but also expensive. Textiles like cotton, polyester, and nylon are versatile but each has different properties. Synthetic materials like PU leather are affordable for manufacturers and consumers. Rubber is commonly used for shoe soles. Optical lenses can be made from glass, plastic, or polycarbonate. Polycarbonate lenses are lighter and clearer but scratch more easily. Trivex lenses have better clarity and are lighter than polycarbonate. Glass lenses block UV light but are heavy. Water bottles can be made from plastic, glass, metal

Uploaded by

Jpricario
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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BTEE/271J/2020

NZOMO JOSHAU KIIMA


MATERIAL SCIENCE
ASSIGNMENT 1
1. SHOES
Shoes are made from different kind of materials such as leather, rubber, plastic and other
petrochemical derived material. Traditionally, shoes were even made from wood, leather and
canvas.
Leather shoes.
Shoes made from leather are flexible yet durable. Its elastic so that it can stretch yet resist tearing
and abrasion. They are also said to breathable due to the pores in leather allowing fresh air to
circulate inside the shoes. This then makes leather to be one of the common materials that shoe
makers use in making dress shoes.
Though leather is among the best in shoe making, they are expensive compared to other shoe
materials. Leather is also heavy and can get hot really quick.
Textiles
Fabric is also quite commonly used for making shoes. The most common textiles used are
cotton, polyester and nylon. One key advantage of textiles is their versatility in styles and design.
Each textile has its own physical properties that must be considered when whether or not to wear
or own such as breathability, support and temperature control.
Synthetic
Synthetics may go by many different names such as PU leather or simply synthetics. They are all
man-made composites of two layers: an external surface adhered to a backing layer composed of
polyester fibers. All types of synthetics used to make shoes are also the same in making for
supportive yet affordable sport shoes.
The advantage of shoes made from synthetics is that they tend to be comparatively quite cheap
for both the manufacturer and consumer as compared with other type of shoes.
Rubber
Rubber is commonly used to make soles of shoes. While not the only material to make outsoles,
it is among the most popular sports shoes like running and tennis shoes have. While most shoe
rubber over the years has been made from polyester, a more environmentally sound natural
rubber is increasing popularity as an alternative.

2. OPTICAL LENSES
In buying eyeglasses one takes into consideration the different types of lenses or coating used in
making the eyeglasses. They can be made from normal glass, plastic or polycarbonate.
Polycarbonate is a specific type of plastic which is an excellent lens material. Polycarbonate
lenses have a higher index of refraction which makes light bend more efficiently therefore it
requires less material to achieve the eye glass prescription making the lens lighter. Polycarbonate
provides clearer and more comfortable eyes vision if anti reflective (AR) coating is applied to the
lenses. The AR eliminates reflection that may interfere with vision particularly when driving at
night or in low light conditions when glare sources are present.
The disadvantage of polycarbonate is that it is naturally soft causing it to scratch much easier.
Another type of lens is the trivex lenses. It is a generally new optical lens material. It has the
ultraviolet blocking properties and shatter resistant properties of polycarbonate. However, trivex
lenses have a much higher abbe value (measure of the lens material’s dispersion of light) which
makes it better in optical clarity with fewer chromatic aberrations. It is also much lighter than
polycarbonate.
Glass lenses also provide excellent optics, the most scratch resistant lens material and block UV
light. However, glass lenses are heavy, thick, and dangerous if broken and cannot be used in
certain frame styles.

3. WATER BOTTLE
Water bottles can either be made from plastic, glass, metal or capolyester.
Tritan capolyester
This is a relatively new material that was introduced by Eastman in 2007. This ultra-tough option
features high impact and heat resistance. It is also leach proof, dishwash safe and resistant to
odors, tastes and stains. They have a high perceived value and a low price point compared to
other types of materials such as steel.
Glass
It is seen by many as the most pure way to drink water. As such, it comes with a high price tag.
Glass water bottles are not child safe and have limited print capabilities. Glass water bottles have
silicon sleeves that are both stylish and act as an extra protection for the bottle.
Stainless steel
Bottle are generally crafted from food grade stainless steel. Since stainless steel is non-reactive,
bottles made from this material do not leach and don’t have to be lined. Since stainless steel
contains nickel, people with allergies to this metal should avoid stainless steel bottles. The
highest quality metal bottles are almost always made from stainless steel. Stainless steel bottles
are durable.
Aluminum
They are lined typically with an enamel, resin, polymer or epoxy because aluminum can react
with certain liquids. They are less costly than stainless steel bottles and are a popular option for
metal water bottles. They are also lighter than stainless steel.
BPA-free plastic
Is the most widely used material in inexpensive custom water bottles. There are many different
variations of plastics such as; high-density polyethylene, PETE, polypropylene and low-density
polyethylene. They are approved for use by children since they are light-weighted and relatively
inexpensive with lots of color option. Their disadvantage is that they are not dishwasher safe and
not necessarily recyclable as many may assume.

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