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    2 1 5 Redox

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    Aliya Rahman
    Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants. Oxidation is the loss of electrons and involves an increase in oxidation number, while reduction is the gain of electrons and involves a decrease in oxidation number. Rules are provided to determine the oxidation numbers of elements in compounds. Redox reactions can be identified by analyzing changes in oxidation numbers between reactants and products. Metals generally oxidize by losing electrons to form positive ions, while non-metals generally reduce by gaining electrons to form negative ions. Hydrogen is often reduced from H+ to H2 in redox reactions with metals.

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    2 1 5 Redox

    Uploaded by

    Aliya Rahman
    44 views2 pages
    Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants. Oxidation is the loss of electrons and involves an increase in oxidation number, while reduction is the gain of electrons and involves a decrease in oxidation number. Rules are provided to determine the oxidation numbers of elements in compounds. Redox reactions can be identified by analyzing changes in oxidation numbers between reactants and products. Metals generally oxidize by losing electrons to form positive ions, while non-metals generally reduce by gaining electrons to form negative ions. Hydrogen is often reduced from H+ to H2 in redox reactions with metals.

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    2-1-5-redox

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    Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants. Oxidation is the loss of electrons and involves an increase in oxidation number, while reduction is the gain of electrons and involves a decrease in oxidation number. Rules are provided to determine the oxidation numbers of elements in compounds. Redox reactions can be identified by analyzing changes in oxidation numbers between reactants and products. Metals generally oxidize by losing electrons to form positive ions, while non-metals generally reduce by gaining electrons to form negative ions. Hydrogen is often reduced from H+ to H2 in redox reactions with metals.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    44 views2 pages

    2 1 5 Redox

    Uploaded by

    Aliya Rahman
    Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between reactants. Oxidation is the loss of electrons and involves an increase in oxidation number, while reduction is the gain of electrons and involves a decrease in oxidation number. Rules are provided to determine the oxidation numbers of elements in compounds. Redox reactions can be identified by analyzing changes in oxidation numbers between reactants and products. Metals generally oxidize by losing electrons to form positive ions, while non-metals generally reduce by gaining electrons to form negative ions. Hydrogen is often reduced from H+ to H2 in redox reactions with metals.

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    of 2

    2.1.

    5 Redox
    oxidation is the process of electron loss: reduction is the process of electron gain:
    Zn Zn2+ + 2e- Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl-
    It involves an increase in oxidation number It involves a decrease in oxidation number

    Rules for assigning oxidation numbers


    1. All uncombined elements have an oxidation number of zero eg . Zn, Cl2, O2, Ar all have oxidation numbers of zero

    2. The oxidation numbers of the elements in a compound


    In NaCl Na= +1 Cl= -1
    add up to zero
    Sum = +1 -1 = 0
    3. The oxidation number of a monoatomic ion is equal to
    the ionic charge e.g. Zn2+ = +2 Cl- = -1
    4. In a polyatomic ion (CO32-) the sum of the individual
    oxidation numbers of the elements adds up to the charge e.g. in CO32- C = +4 and O = -2
    on the ion sum = +4 + (3 x -2) = -2
    5. Several elements have invariable oxidation numbers in their
    common compounds.

    Group 1 metals = +1
    Group 2 metals = +2
    Al = +3 We use these rules to
    identify the oxidation
    H = +1 (except in metal hydrides where it is –1 eg NaH) numbers of elements that
    F = -1 have variable oxidation
    numbers.
    Cl, Br, I = –1 except in compounds with oxygen and fluorine
    O = -2 except in peroxides (H2O2 ) where it is –1 and in compounds with fluorine.

    What is the oxidation number of Fe in FeCl3 Note the oxidation number of Cl


    Using rule 5, Cl has an O.N. of –1 in CaCl2 = -1 and not -2 because
    Using rule 2, the O.N. of the elements must add up to 0 there are two Cl’s
    Always work out the oxidation
    Fe must have an O.N. of +3 for one atom of the element
    in order to cancel out 3 x –1 = -3 of the Cl’s
    Naming using Roman Numerals

    Use a Roman numeral to indicate the magnitude of the oxidation state of an


    element, when a name may be ambiguous.
    FeCl2 Iron(II) Chloride
    FeCl3 Iron(III) Chloride
    In IUPAC convention the various forms of sulphur, nitrogen and chlorine compounds where
    oxygen is combined are all called sulfates, nitrates and chlorates with relevant oxidation number
    given in roman numerals. If asked to name these compounds remember to add the oxidation
    number.

    NaClO: sodium chlorate(I)


    NaNO2: Sodium nitrate(III)
    NaClO3: sodium chlorate(V)
    NaNO3: Sodium nitrate(V)
    K2SO4 potassium sulfate(VI)
    K2SO3 potassium sulfate(IV)

    N Goalby chemrevise.org 1
    Redox Reactions

    metals generally form ions by losing non-metals generally react by gaining


    electrons with an increase in oxidation electrons with a decrease in oxidation
    number to form positive ions: number to form negative ions
    Zn Zn2+ + 2e- Cl2 + 2e- 2Cl-

    Oxygen is reducing because Tungsten is reducing because


    its oxidation number is its oxidation number is
    decreasing from 0 to -2 decreasing from +6 to 0

    0 -2 +6 0
    4Li + O2 2Li2O WO3 + 3H2 W + 3H2O
    0 +1 0 +1

    Lithium is oxidising because its Hydrogen is oxidising


    oxidation number is increasing from 0 because its oxidation number
    to +1 is increasing from 0 to +1

    Nitrogen is reducing because Chlorine is reducing because


    its oxidation number is its oxidation number is
    decreasing from +5 to+4 decreasing from +1 to -1

    +5 +4 +1 -1
    2Sr(NO3)2 2SrO + 4NO2 + O2 2 NH3 + NaClO N2H4 + NaCl + H2O
    -2 0 -3 -2

    Oxygen is oxidising because its oxidation Nitrogen is oxidising because its oxidation
    number is increasing from -2 to 0 number is increasing from -3 to -2

    Note that not all the oxygen atoms are


    changing oxidation number in this reaction

    Redox Reactions of Metals and acid


    ACID + METAL SALT + HYDROGEN

    Hydrogen is reducing Be able to write equations for reactions of


    because its oxidation number metals with hydrochloric acid and sulphuric
    is decreasing from +1 to 0 acid

    +1 0 Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 +H2


    2HCl + Mg MgCl2 +H2
    0 +2
    Observations: These reaction will
    Magnesium is oxidising effervesce because H2 gas is evolved
    because its oxidation number is and the metal will dissolve
    increasing from 0 to +2

    N Goalby chemrevise.org 2

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