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EXP5

The document discusses the working principle and wiring of a fluorescent lamp. It consists of 3 parts: construction, operation, and auxiliary components. The construction includes a glass tube filled with argon and mercury, and electrodes on each end. During operation, a starter switch completes the circuit to heat the electrodes, ionizing the gas and producing light. Auxiliary components like a choke and capacitors maintain the voltage and improve power factor.

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Rajesh Gangwar
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
97 views

EXP5

The document discusses the working principle and wiring of a fluorescent lamp. It consists of 3 parts: construction, operation, and auxiliary components. The construction includes a glass tube filled with argon and mercury, and electrodes on each end. During operation, a starter switch completes the circuit to heat the electrodes, ionizing the gas and producing light. Auxiliary components like a choke and capacitors maintain the voltage and improve power factor.

Uploaded by

Rajesh Gangwar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Department of Electrical Engineering

EXPERIMENT NO. 5
AIM: To study the working principle and wiring of fluorescent lamp.

Tools Required: 1. Screw driver 2. Hammer 3. Pliers 4. Line tester

Components Required:

1. Switch 2. Tube light with fitting 3. Joint clips


4. Wires 5. Screws 6. Switch board

Working of the Fluorescent Tube Light:


The fluorescent lamp circuit consists of a choke, a starter, a fluorescent tube and a frame. The
length of the commonly used fluorescent tube is 100 cm; its power rating is 40 W and 230V. The
tube is filled with argon and a drop of mercury. When the supply is switched on, the current
heats the filaments and initiates emission of electrons. After one or two seconds, the starter
circuit opens and makes the choke to induce a momentary high voltage surge across the two
filaments. Ionization takes place through argon and produces bright light.

CONSTRUCTION:

The fluorescent lamp is a low-pressure mercury discharge lamp. It is generally consisting of a


long glass tube (G) with an electrode on each end (E1 & E2). These electrodes are made of
coiled tungsten filament coated with electron emitting material. The tube is internally coated
with a fluorescent powder & contains small amount of argon with a little mercury at a very low
pressure. The control circuit of tube consist of a starting switch (S) known as starter, an iron
cored inductive coil called a choke (L),& two capacitors C1 & C2.

OPERATION:

A starting switch namely the glow type (voltage operated device) is used in tube operation. The
starter is glow type starter (S) shown in fig. Consist of two electrodes sealed in glass tube filled
with mixture of Helium & Hydrogen. One electrode is fix & another is U-shaped bimetallic strip
made up of two different metals having two different temperature co-efficient. Contacts are
normally open. When the supply is switched ON, heat is produced due to glow discharge

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Department of Electrical Engineering

between electrodes of starter is sufficient to bend bimetallic strip until it makes contact with
fixed electrode. Thus ckt, between two electrode E1 & E2 is completed & relatively large current
circulated through them. The electrodes are then heated to incandescence by this circulating
current & gas in their immediate vicinity is ionized. After a second or two, due to absence of
glow discharge a bimetallic strip cools sufficiently. This causes to break contact & sudden
reduction of current induces an emf of the order of 800-1000V in choke coil. This voltage is
sufficient to strike an arc between two electrodes E1 & E2 due to ionization of Organ. The heat
generated in the tube vaporizes mercury & potential difference across the tube falls to 100-110V.
This potential difference is not sufficient to restart glow in starter.

FUNCTION OF AUXILLARY COMPONENTS:


CHOKE

1. It provides a necessary high voltage to start discharge in the tube.


2. Since the voltage required across the tube during normal operation is small, the
excess voltage drop across the tube.

3. It acts as a stabilizer.

CAPACITOR(C1)

The choke lowers a power factor of the ckt connected across the supply Improves this power
factor.

CAPACITOR(C2)

It is connected across starting switch to suppress radio interference due to high frequency
voltage oscillation which may occur across it’s contacts.

Procedure:
1. Mark the switch and tube light location points and draw lines for wiring on the wooden
board.
2. Place wires along the lines and fix them with the help of clips.
3. Fix the switch and tube light fitting in the marked positions.
4. Complete the wiring as per the wiring diagram.

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Department of Electrical Engineering

5. Test the working of the tube light by giving electric supply to the
Circuit

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM - TUBE LIGHT

Fig 5.1
ADVANTAGES:

1. Low power consumption.


2. Longer life which is about 3 to 4 times that of the filament life.
3. Compared to filament lamp efficiency is also about 3 to 4 times, it gives more light for the
same wattage.
4. Superior quality of light.
5. No warming up period is required as in case of anoth
another discharge lamp.
6. Different colour light can be obtained, by using different types of fluorescent powder.
7. Low heat radiation.
DISADVANTAGES:

1. Initial cost of the lamp along with auxiliary equipment needed is very high
2. With frequent operation life reduces.
3. Voltage fluctuation affect it but not to the extent that filament lamp is affected.
4. Produce radio interference.
5. Fluctuating light output produces undesirable stroboscopic effect with rotating machinery.

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Department of Electrical Engineering

APPLICATION:

They are very popularly used for interior light in residential buildings, shops hotels.
They are also extensively used with reflectors for street lightings. Due to their glare
free shadow less light, they are ideal for workshop, factories, laboratories & drawing
rooms. The fluorescent tubes are normally manufactured with 20,40 & 80 watts.

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