CTY#18MAT41#MODULE-3#Binomial and Poisson Distribution-Problems
CTY#18MAT41#MODULE-3#Binomial and Poisson Distribution-Problems
METHODS ( 18MAT41)
CHAYA T Y
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,
DEPT. OF MATHEMATICS
SIR MVIT, BENGALURU
2
BLUE PRINT
Discrete RV Continuous RV
& &
Discrete Probability Continuous Probability
Distribution Distribution
BINOMIAL DISTRIBUTION
Blue Print
Bernoulli’s Trails- Defn, expression
p q
q prob. of failure prob. of getting any no. other than even no. as outcome,
Mean, n p S .D, V n p q
Variance,V n p q
Given, S .D, V n p q
To find p , q and n
n 100
Mean, 10 n p 10 P x nC x p x q n x
npq 9
p q 1
S .D, 3 npq 3
10 q 9 q 0.9
we know that , p q 1 p 1 0.9 0.1
npq 9
p 1 q p 0.1
(i) Prob. (none defective in a (ii) Prob. (that exactly 2 defective in a Formulae:
consignment) consignment)
100 0 P x nC x p x q n x
p x 0 100C0 0.1 0.9
0
100 2
p x 2 100C2 0.1 0.9
2
p q 1
S .D, 1.875
2.5 q 1.875 q 0.75 Theoretical Frequency,
npq 1.875
we know that , p q 1 f x N P x
p 1 0.75 0.25
npq 1.875
p 1 q p 0.25
10 5
f x 5 4096 10C5 0.25 0.75
5
Since the estimation is for N=4096
students, we have, theoretical frequency
Formulae:
10 x
f x 4096 10Cx 0.25 0.75 f x 5 239.2 239
x
(2)
Theoretical Frequency,
(i) Prob. (8 or more questions answered f x N P x
correctly) (ii) Prob. (2 or less questions answered
correctly)
f x 8 f ( x 8) f ( x 9) f ( x 10)
f x 2 f ( x 0) f ( x 1) f ( x 2)
10C 0.25 0.75
8 10 8 10 9
10C9 0.25 0.75
9
8
f x 8 4096
C10 0.25 0.75
10 10 0
f x 2 4096
C0 0.25 0.75
10 0 10 0 1 10 1
10C1 0.25 0.75
10 2
10C2 0.25 0.75
2
f x 8 1.7031 2 f x 2 2152.8 2153
q 0.9 P x 2 0.2301
P x 2 P( x 2) P( x 3) ..........P( x 12) P x nC x p x q n x
(iv) Prob. (at the most 2 are defective)
(or) p q 1
P x 2 1 P x 2 1 P x 2 P x 2 P( x 0) P( x 1) P( x 2)
1 P x 0 P x 1 12 0 12 1 12 2
12C0 0.1 0.9 12C1 0.1 0.9 12C2 0.1 0.9
0 1 2
P x 2 1 12 0
C0 0.1 0.9
12 0
12C1 0.1 0.9
1 12 1
P x 2 12C0 0.1 0.9 12C1 0.1 0.9 12C2 0.1 0.9
0 12 1 11 2 10
p 0.7 and n 10 (i) Prob. (exactly 8 seeds germinate) (i) Prob. (at least 8 seeds germinate)
P x 8 1 P x 8 1 P x 8
10 8
sin ce, q 1 p P x 8 10C8 0.7 0.3
8
(or)
1 0.7 0.3 P x 8 P( x 8) P( x 9) P( x 10)
10C8 0.7 0.3
8 2
10 8 10 9
P x 8 10C8 0.7 0.3 10C9 0.7 0.3
8 9
q 0.3
P x 8 0.23347 0.2335 10C10 0.7 0.31010
10
P x 8 0.38278 0.3828
Chaya T Y , SIR MVIT,Bengaluru
5. A class of 100 students contains 10 bright students. Five students from the
class are selected at random. Find the probabilities that,
a) None of the selected is a bright student 14
b) All the selected are bright students.
we have,
Sol: Let p probability that student selected is bright 5 x
P x 5C x 0.1 0.9 Formulae:
x
p 0.1 p q 1
50
P x 0 5C0 0.1 0.9
0
sin ce, q 1 p (ii) Prob. (all the selected students are
bright)
1 0.1 0.9 P x 5 5C5 0.1 0.9
5 5 5
P x 0 0.5905
q 0.9
P x 5 1 105
Poisson DISTRIBUTION
Blue Print
Poisson distribution-Defn, expression,
problems
mx
P x e m
, where, m 0 parameter of distribution
x!
Mean, m Variance,V m
Theoretical Frequency,
S .D, V m
f x N P x
If ‘p’ is very small and ‘n’ is very large compared to ‘p’, but ‘np’ is finite,
then we have
b n, p, x p , x with np
Note:
1. It is the limiting form of binomial distribution when ‘n’ is very large n and p is
very small p 0 so that ‘np’ tends to a fixed finite constant say ‘m’… i.e, m = np
2. Here ‘np’ is finite and is equal to the mean value of the distribution
1. Assuming that on the average 3% of the output of a factory making certain parts 18
are defective and that 300 units are in a package, what is the probability that at
the most 5 defective units are found in a package?
Formulae:
Soln: Let p probability that certain part is defective
x no. of defective units in a package
n no. of units taken/ considered mx
P x e m
,
Given, x!
with m np
9x
p 3% 0.03 and n 300 we have, P x e 9
,
x!
P x 4 1 P( x 4) 1 P x 4
x
3
we have, P x e 3 , 1 P x 0 P x 1 P x 2 P x 3 P x 4
x!
3 30 31 32 33 34
1 e 0.1847
0! 1! 2! 3! 4!
P x 4 0.1847
f x 2 8.187