MCSL-205

C and
Indira Gandhi National Open University
School of Computer and Information
Sciences (SOCIS)
Python Lab

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C and Python Lab 1

 MCSL-205
C AND PYTHON
Indira Gandhi National Open University LAB
School of Computer & Information Sciences

C AND PYTHON LAB

SECTION 1
C PROGRAMMING LAB 5

SECTION 2
PYTHON PROGRAMMING LAB 18
PROGRAMME/COURSE DESIGN COMMITTEE

Prof. (Retd.) S.K. Gupta Prof. V.V. Subrahmanyam

IIT, Delhi Director
SOCIS, IGNOU, New Delhi
Prof. T.V. Vijay Kumar
Dean, Prof P. Venkata Suresh
School of Computer & System Sciences, SOCIS, IGNOU, New Delhi
JNU, New Delhi
Dr.ShashiBhushan
Prof.Ela Kumar, Associate Professor
Dean, Computer Science &Engg SOCIS, IGNOU, New Delhi
IGDTUW, Delhi
Shri Akshay Kumar
Prof.GayatriDhingra Associate Professor
GVMITM, Sonipat, Haryana SOCIS, IGNOU, New Delhi
Mr.MilindMahajani Shri M. P. Mishra
Vice President Associate Professor
Impressico Business Solutions SOCIS, IGNOU, New Delhi
Noida UP
Dr.Sudhansh Sharma
Asst. Professor
SOCIS, IGNOU, New Delhi

BLOCK PREPARATION TEAM

Prof. V. V. Subrahmanyam Prof S.R.N. Reddy, (Content Editor)
SOCIS, IGNOU (Section-1 Unit Writer) HOD, Dept. of CSE,
IGDTUW, Delhi

Dr.Sudhansh Sharma, Asst.Professor Prof.Parmod Kumar (Language Editor)

SOCIS, IGNOU (Section -2 Unit Writer) SOH, IGNOU, New Delhi

Course Coordinator: Dr.Sudhansh Sharma

PRINT PRODUCTION
Mr.Tilak Raj Mr.Yashpal
Assistant Registrar (Publication) Assistant Registrar (Publication)
MPDD, IGNOU, New Delhi MPDD, IGNOU, New Delhi
March, 2021
© Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2021
ISBN-
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any
other means, without permission in writing from the Indira Gandhi National Open University.
Further information, about the Indira Gandhi National Open University courses may be obtained
from the University’s office at MaidanGarhi, New Delhi-110 068.
Printed and published on behalf of the Indira Gandhi National Open University by Registrar,
MPDD, IGNOU, New Delhi
Laser Composed by Tessa Media & Computers, C-206, ShaheenBagh, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means,
without permission in writing from the Indira Gandhi National Open University.

Further information on the Indira Gandhi National Open University courses may be obtained from the
University’s office at MaidanGarhi, New Delhi-110 068.
COURSE INTRODUCTION
This course introduces you to practically work with the two most powerful
programming languages i.e. C and Python. After completing this course
you will be able to perform programming in both C and Python, the two are
chosen to provide you the flavour of both conventional and modern
programming. You will appreciate that both programming languages are
equally powerful.

To build the carrier path the skill of programming can be a fun and
profitable way, but before starting the learning of this skill, one should be
clear about the choice of programming language. Before learning any
programming language, one should figure out which language suits best to
the learner.

This course makes you to compare the functionalities of both C and Python
programming language, which may help the learners to analyse and
generate a lot of opinions about their choice of programming language.

This course gives you an exposure to both programming languages i.e. C

and Python, based on your requirement you can choose your option to build
your carrier in programming.
BLOCK INTRODUCTION

This is the lab course, wherein you will have the hands on experience for
programming in C and Python. You have studied the concepts of both
programming languages i.e. C and Python in support course material
(MCS-201 Programming in C and Python). In Section-1, you will apply the
concepts of C programming under DOS and LINUX environments, the
same are provided there, illustratively. In Section -2, you will apply the
concepts ofPython programming under ANACONDA and Google Colabs
environments, the same are provided there, illustratively.

A list of programming problems is also provided at the end of each session.

Please go through the general guidelines and the program documentation
guidelines carefully.

This block consists of 2 Sections and is organized as follows:

Section-1: C Programming Lab

 Comprises of 10 sessions  

Section-2: Python Programming Lab

 Comprises of 10 sessions  

Happy Programming!!
 MCSL-205
C AND PYTHON
Indira Gandhi National Open University LAB
School of Computer & Information Sciences

C AND PYTHON LAB

SECTION 1
C PROGRAMMING LAB 5

SECTION 2
PYTHON PROGRAMMING LAB 18
PROGRAMME/COURSE DESIGN COMMITTEE

Prof. (Retd.) S.K. Gupta Prof. V.V. Subrahmanyam

IIT, Delhi Director
SOCIS, IGNOU, New Delhi
Prof. T.V. Vijay Kumar
Dean, Prof P. Venkata Suresh
School of Computer & System Sciences, SOCIS, IGNOU, New Delhi
JNU, New Delhi
Dr.ShashiBhushan
Prof.Ela Kumar, Associate Professor
Dean, Computer Science &Engg SOCIS, IGNOU, New Delhi
IGDTUW, Delhi
Shri Akshay Kumar
Prof.GayatriDhingra Associate Professor
GVMITM, Sonipat, Haryana SOCIS, IGNOU, New Delhi
Mr.MilindMahajani Shri M. P. Mishra
Vice President Associate Professor
Impressico Business Solutions SOCIS, IGNOU, New Delhi
Noida UP
Dr.Sudhansh Sharma
Asst. Professor
SOCIS, IGNOU, New Delhi

BLOCK PREPARATION TEAM

Prof. V. V. Subrahmanyam Prof S.R.N. Reddy, (Content Editor)
SOCIS, IGNOU (Section-1 Unit Writer) HOD, Dept. of CSE,
IGDTUW, Delhi

Dr.Sudhansh Sharma, Asst.Professor Prof.Parmod Kumar (Language Editor)

SOCIS, IGNOU (Section -2 Unit Writer) SOH, IGNOU, New Delhi

Course Coordinator: Dr.Sudhansh Sharma

PRINT PRODUCTION
Mr.Tilak Raj Mr.Yashpal
Assistant Registrar (Publication) Assistant Registrar (Publication)
MPDD, IGNOU, New Delhi MPDD, IGNOU, New Delhi
March, 2021
© Indira Gandhi National Open University, 2021
ISBN-
All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any
other means, without permission in writing from the Indira Gandhi National Open University.
Further information, about the Indira Gandhi National Open University courses may be obtained
from the University’s office at MaidanGarhi, New Delhi-110 068.
Printed and published on behalf of the Indira Gandhi National Open University by Registrar,
MPDD, IGNOU, New Delhi
Laser Composed by Tessa Media & Computers, C-206, ShaheenBagh, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi

All rights reserved. No part of this work may be reproduced in any form, by mimeograph or any other means,
without permission in writing from the Indira Gandhi National Open University.

Further information on the Indira Gandhi National Open University courses may be obtained from the
University’s office at MaidanGarhi, New Delhi-110 068.
COURSE INTRODUCTION
This course introduces you to practically work with the two most powerful
programming languages i.e. C and Python. After completing this course
you will be able to perform programming in both C and Python, the two are
chosen to provide you the flavour of both conventional and modern
programming. You will appreciate that both programming languages are
equally powerful.

To build the carrier path the skill of programming can be a fun and
profitable way, but before starting the learning of this skill, one should be
clear about the choice of programming language. Before learning any
programming language, one should figure out which language suits best to
the learner.

This course makes you to compare the functionalities of both C and Python
programming language, which may help the learners to analyse and
generate a lot of opinions about their choice of programming language.

This course gives you an exposure to both programming languages i.e. C

and Python, based on your requirement you can choose your option to build
your carrier in programming.
BLOCK INTRODUCTION
This is the lab course, wherein you will have the hands on experience for
programming in C and Python. You have studied the concepts of both
programming languages i.e. C and Python in support course material
(MCS-201 Programming in C and Python). In Section-1, you will apply the
concepts of C programming under DOS and LINUX environments, the
same are provided there, illustratively. In Section -2, you will apply the
concepts ofPython programming under ANACONDA and Google Colabs
environments, the same are provided there, illustratively.

A list of programming problems is also provided at the end of each session.

Please go through the general guidelines and the program documentation
guidelines carefully.

This block consists of 2 Sections and is organized as follows:

Section-1: C Programming Lab

 Comprises of 10 sessions where in 30 programming tasks are framed

to be practiced in lab

Section-2: Python Programming Lab

 Comprises of 10 sessions where in 28 programming tasks are framed

to be practiced in lab

Happy Programming!!
 C andPYTHON LAB
C Programming Lab
SECTION 1 C PROGRAMMING LAB
Structure Page No.
1.0 Introduction 5
1.1 Objectives 5
1.2 General Guidelines 5
1.3 Salient Features of C 6
1.4 C Programming Using Borland Compiler 7
1.5 Using C with UNIX 9
1.6 Program Development Life Cycle 9
1.7 List of Lab Assignments – Session wise 15

1.0 INTRODUCTION
This is the lab course, wherein you will have the hands on experience. You have
studied the support course material (MCS-201Programming in C and Python). In this
section, C programming under DOS and LINUX environments are provided
illustratively. A list of programming problems is also provided at the end of each
session. Please go through the general guidelines and the program documentation
guidelines carefully.

1.1 OBJECTIVES
After completing this lab course you will be able to:

 develop the logic for a given problem ;

 write the algorithm for a given problem;
 draw a flow chart for a given problem;
 recognize and understand the syntax and construction of C code;
 gain experience of procedural language programming;
 know the steps involved in compiling, linking and debugging C code;
 understand how to use header files;
 make use of different data-structures like arrays, pointers, structures and files;
 understand how to access and use library functions;
 understand function declaration and definition;
 feel more confident about writing own functions;
 be able to write some simple output on the screen as well as in the files;
 be able to write some complex programs;
 be able to apply all the concepts that have been covered in the theory course; and
 know the alternative ways of providing solution to a given problem.

1.2 GENERAL GUIDELINES

 You should attempt all problems/assignments given in the list session wise.

 You may seek assistance in doing the lab exercises from the concerned lab
instructor. Since the assignments have credits, the lab instructor is obviously not

5
C and Python Lab
expected to tell you how to solve these, but you may ask questions concerning the
C language or a technical problem.

 For each program you should add comments (i.e. text between /* ... */ delimiters)
above each function in the code, including the main function. This should also
include a description of the function written, the purpose of the function, meaning
of the argument used in the function and the meaning of the return value (if any).
These descriptions should be placed in the comment block immediately above the
relevant function source code.

 The comment block above the main function should describe the purpose of the
program. Proper comments are to be provide where and when necessary in the
programming.

 The program written for the problem given should conform to the ANSI standard
for the C language.

 The program should be interactive, general and properly documented with real
Input/ Output data.

 If two or more submissions from different students appear to be of the same origin
(i.e. are variants of essentially the same program), none of them will be counted.
You are strongly advised not to copy somebody else's work.

 It is your responsibility to create a separate directory to store all the programs, so

that nobody else can read or copy.

 Observation book and Lab record are compulsory.

 The list of the programs(list of programs given at the end, session-wise) is

available to you in this lab manual. For each session, you must come prepare with
the algorithms and the programs written in the Observation Book. You should
utilize the lab hours for executing the programs, testing for various desired outputs
and enhancements of the programs.

 As soon as you have finished a lab exercise, contact one of the lab instructor /
incharge in order to get the exercise evaluated and also get the signature from
him/her on the Observation book.

 Completed lab assignments should be submitted in the form of a Lab Record in

which you have to write the algorithm, program code along with comments and
output for various inputs given.

 The total no. of lab sessions (3 hours each) are 10 and the list of assignments is
provided session-wise. It is important to observe the deadline given for each
assignment.

6
 C Programming Lab
1.3 SALIENT FEATURES OF C
We briefly list some of C’s characteristics that define the language and also have lead
to its popularity as a programming language. Naturally, we studied many of these
aspects throughout the MCS-201 Programming in C and Python course.

 Small size
 Extensive use of function calls
 Structured language
 Low level (bitwise) programming readily available
 Pointer implementation - extensive use of pointers for memory, array, structures
and functions.
 It has high-level constructs.
 It can handle low-level activities.
 It produces efficient programs.
 It can be compiled on a variety of computers.

1.4 C PROGRAMMING USING BORLAND

COMPILER
C using Borland C/C++ Compiler

Some of you may be using the Borland C/C++ compiler during the lab sessions under
MS-DOS connecting through Windows. Whilst C++ is a different programming
language to C, it is in fact a superset of C i.e. almost everything that C provides, C++
provides too, and more besides. Therefore we can use Borland C++ to compile our C
programs.

To start Borland C/C++

Click the Start button in the bottom left hand corner of the screen. The Start menu
pops up. Select Programs from the Start menu. Select Borland C/C++ from the
Programs menu. Select Borland C/C++ from the Borland C++ menu. In summary
the steps to launching Borland C/C++ are:

Start--->Programs--->Borland C++--->Borland C++

You should now see the main window for the C/C++ development environment.

Editing a Program

We can create a program by entering text that corresponds to C statements into a file.

Setting Directories

Before you proceed, make sure that the directory settings for Borland C/C++ are
correct. This can be done as follows:

Select Options from the menu and then select Project from the Options pull-down
menu. This will display the Project Options dialog box. In the Topics area, click on
Directories. On the right-hand side of the window you will see the Directories listed.
7
C and Python Lab
Ensure that the information in each of the fields is as given below – if it is incorrect,
modify it accordingly.

Source Directories
Include c:\ bc5\include
Library c:\ bc5\lib
SourceLeave this field BLANK
Click on OK to continue.

Creating hello.c

 Select File from the menu and then select New from the file menu. The first thing
that you should do is give the program a name, hello.c:
 Select File from the menu
 Select Save as from the File drop-down menu
 In the Drives drop-down list box, click on the down arrow to open up the list box.
 Scroll through the list to select the drive and click on it.
 Click on the File Name: field and type hello.c
 (Make sure the file name has the .C extension only. It should not have a .CPP
extension. If it does not change it to .C, or it won’t run properly)
 Click on the OK button to continue.
 Now type the hello.c program exactly as you wrote in the lab observation book.
 Remember that it is good practice to save your programs periodically. You can do
this as follows:

 Select File from the menu.

 Select Save from the File drop-down menu.

Compiling a Program

When you have finished typing in the program, you should compile it as follows:

Select Project from the menu

Select Compile from the project drop-down menu.

An attempt will be made to compile your program. If there are errors, they will be
reported in the message window. You should use the information provided to help you
fix the problems and then recompile the program.

Running a Program

If you have successfully compiled your program you can now link and run it as
follows:

 Select Debug from the menu

 Select Run from the Debug drop-down menu.

First, an attempt will be made to link your program. If there are errors, they will be
reported in the message window. You should use the information provided to help you
fix the problems and then recompile and link the program.

8
 C Programming Lab
Your program now runs. The output from the program will be displayed in a separate
window. (If the screen displays a black output window for a split second and the
window then disappears it means you did not set the Target Output type before you
compiled your program).

To switch between the edit window and the output window, simply click on the
window that you want to activate.

To close the output window, point to the icon in the top left-hand corner and double-
click on it.

ALT+F9 (Short cut for Compile and Link)

As you become more familiar with the Borland C/C++ development environment, you
will realize that it is possible to combine steps such as compile and link into a single
step such as build all. There are also key combinations that can be used instead of
selecting from menus (e.g. Alt+F9 compiles the program). You should spend some
time familiarizing yourself with the Borland C/C++ development environment.

To close the hello.c file, double click on the icon in the top left-hand corner of the
hello.c edit window.

To Quit from Borland C/C++ compiler

To exit from Borland C/C++:

 Select File from the menu

 Select Exit from the File drop-down menu

1.5 USING C WITH LINUX

A little knowledge of LINUX operating system and commands is necessary before
you can write and compile programs on the LINUX system. Every programmer goes
through the same three-step cycle.

1. Writing the program into a file

2. Compiling the program
3. Running the program.

During program development, the programmer may repeat this cycle many times,
refining, testing and debugging a program until a satisfactory result is achieved. The
UNIX commands for each step are discussed below.

Writing the Program

UNIX expects you to store your program in a file whose name ends in .c. This
identifies it as a C program. The easiest way to enter your text is using a text editor
like vi, emacs or xedit. To edit a file called testprog.c using vi type

vitestprog.c

9
C and Python Lab
The editor is also used to make subsequent changes to the program.

Compiling the Program

There are a number of ways to achieve this, though all of them eventually rely on the
compiler (called cc on our system).

The C Compiler (cc)

The simplest method is to type

cc testprog.c

This will try to compile testprog.c, and, if successful, will produce a runnable file
called a.out. If you want to give the runnable file a better name you can type
cc testprog.c -o testprog
This will compile testprog.c, creating runnable file testprog.

Running the Program

To run a program under LINUX you simply type in the filename. So to run program
testprog, you would type
testprog
or if this fails to work, you could type
./testprog
You will see your prompt again after the program is done.

1.6 PROGRAM DEVELOPMENT LIFE CYCLE

The four steps in the program development life cycle:

 Design algorithm
 Draw flowchart
 Program coding
 Testing for various inputs

Example 1

Represent the complete steps in the program development life cycle that reads the
number of letter grades A, B, C, D and F for a student. The program will compute and
print the student’s grade point average. It should then determine and print the
student’s academic standing (like high honors, honors, satisfactory, or probation)
according to the following table:

Grade Point Average Academic Standing

3.51 - 4.00 High Honors
3.00 - 3.50 Honors
2.00 - 2.99 Satisfactory
Less than 2.00 Probation

Note:In computing grade point average, assume that the weight of letter grade
10
 C Programming Lab
A is 4, B is 3, C is 2, D is 1 and f is 0.

Step 1:Design the algorithm / pseudocode for the given problem

Print “Please enter your number of subject that your taken last semester”

Set CorrectStatusInput “no”

Print “Enter the number of grade A”
Read number_of_ A
Print “Enter the number of grade B”
Read number_ of_B
Print “Enter the number of grade C”
Read number_of_C
Print “Enter the number of grade D”
Read number_of_D
Print “Enter the number of grade F”
Read number_of_F
Compute Total_subject = number of grade A + number of grade B + number
of grade C + number of grade D + number of grade F
whileCorrectStatusInput “no” and Total_subject< =0
begin
print “Enter number of grade A”
read number of A
print “Enter number of grade B”
read number of B
print “Enter number of grade C”
read number of C
print “Enter number of grade D”
read number of D
print “Enter number of grade F”
read number of F

if (number_of_A greater than and equal 0 and number_of_Bgreater

than and equal 0 and number_of_C greater than and equal 0 and
number_of_ D greater than and equal 0 and number_of_F greater
than 0) and ( Total_subject>0)

setCorrectStatusInput “yes”

end if
end
end while

computeTotal_point = number of grade A * 4 + number of grade B *3 +

number of grade C*2 + number of grade D *1 +
number of grade F *0

computeTotal_average = Total point / Total subject

print Total_average
if Total_ average less than 2
11
C and Python Lab
print “ Your academic standing is Probation”
else
ifTotal_average less than 3
print “ Your academic standing is Satisfactory”
else
if Total_average less than or equal 3.5
print “ Your academic standing is Honors”
else
ifTotal_average less than or equal 4.00
print “ Your academic standing is High Honors”
end_if
end_if
end_if
end_if

Step 2:Design a flowchart based on the algorithm.

START

Print (“ please enter your number of

subject that your taken this semester ”)

Print (“ Enter number of grade A :”)

Read (num_A
Print (“ Enter number of grade B :”)
Read num_B
Print (“ Enter number of grade C :”)
Read num_C
Print (“ Enter number of grade D :”)
Read num_D
Print (“ Enter number of grade F’s :”)
Read num_F

Total_subject = num_A + num_B, num_C

+ num_D+ num_F

12
 C Programming Lab
A

T
If (( (num_A< 0) or (num_B<0) or (num_C<0) or
(num D<0) or (num F0) ) or (Total subject<=0))

Total_point = (num_A* 4)+ (num_B*3) (num_C*2)

+(num_D*1)+( num_F*0)

GPA =Total_point /Total_subject

Print (“ Your grade point average

is ?“, GPA)

If Print (“Your academic

(GPA standing is Probation”)
T

13
C and Python Lab

If
(GPA <3)
F
T Print (“Your academic
T standing is Satisfactory”)

If F
(GPA <=3.5)
Print (“Your academic
T standing is Honors”)

If
(GPA <=4.00)

Print (“Your academic standing

is High Honors”)
F

STOP

Step 3: Translate the flowchart to C source code.

/* Program to computer and print the grade point average */

#include <stdio.h>
14
 C Programming Lab

main()

int num_A,num_B,num_C,num_D,num_F; /* Variables declaration part*/

inttotal_subject;
inttotal_point ;
float GPA;

do {
printf(" \tThis is for calculate your GPA \n");
printf("Enter number of grade A : ");
scanf ("%d", &num_A);

printf("Enter number of grade B : ");

scanf ("%d", &num_B);

printf("Enter number of grade C : ");

scanf ("%d", &num_C);

printf("Enter number of grade D : ");

scanf ("%d", &num_D);

printf("Enter number of grade F : ");

scanf ("%d", &num_F);

/* calculation of the total */

total_subject = num_A + num_B + num_C + num_D + num_F;

{
if (((num_A <0) || (num_B <0)||(num_C<0)||(num_D <0)||(num_F
<0))||(total_subject<=0))
printf (" you should enter your number that you having take again\n");
}
} while (((num_A <0) || (num_B <0)||(num_C <0)||(num_D <0)||(num_F
<0))||(total_subject<=0));

/* this to calculate and print total_subject, total_point and GPA */

total_point = num_A *4 + num_B*3 + num_C*2 + num_D*1 + num_F*0;

GPA =(float) (total_point / total_subject) ;

/* this to print total subject */

printf ("\nYour grade point average is %.2f \n",GPA);

15
C and Python Lab

/* this selection to get output the students status */

if (GPA <2)
printf ("Your academic standing is Probation\n\n");
else
if (GPA <3)
printf ("Your academic standing is Satisfactory\n\n");
else
if (GPA <= 3.5)
printf ("Your academic standing is Honors\n\n");
else
if (GPA <= 4.00)
printf ("Your academic standing is High
honors\n\n");

return 0;
}

Step 4: Testing

OUTPUT

This is for calculate your GPA

Enter number of grade A: 3
Enter number of grade B: 2
Enter number of grade C: 2
Enter number of grade D: 0
Enter number of grade F: 0
Your grade point average is 3.14.
Your academic standing is Honors.

1.8 LIST OF LAB ASSIGNMENTS – SESSIONWISE

Session 1:

1. Develop an algorithm and draw corresponding flowchart and also write an

interactive C program for the following:
(a) To check if a given integer is odd or even.
(b) To calculate the sum of odd and even numbers from a given list of
numbers.
(c) To check whether the given integer is positive or negative.
(d) To find whether the given integer is divisible by 7.
(e) To compute and display the sum of digits of a given 5 digit number.

Session 2:

16
 C Programming Lab
2. Design a flow chart and write an interactive program for the problem given
below:
(a) To convert the given decimal number to binary
(b) To convert the octal number to decimal

3. Design a flowchart and write an interactive program that reads in integers until
a 0 is entered. If it encounters 0 as input, then it should display:

 Number of even and odd integers

 Sum and average value of even integers
 Sum and average value of odd integers.

Note: Use switch statement for selection.

4. Write an interactive program to generate the divisors of a given integer.

Session 3:

5. Write a program to find all Armstrong number in the range of 0 and 999
Hint: An Armstrong number of three digits is an integer such that the sum of
the cubes of its digits is equal to the number itself. For example, 371 is an
Armstrong number since 3**3 + 7**3 + 1**3 = 371.

6. Write a program to check whether a given number is a perfect number or not.

Hint: A positive integer n is called a perfect number if it is equal to the sum of
all of its positive divisors, excluding n itself. For example, 6 is a perfect number,
because 1, 2 and 3 are its proper positive divisors and 1 + 2 + 3 = 6. The next
perfect number is 28 = 1 + 2 + 4 + 7 + 14. The next perfect numbers are 496
and 8128.

7. Write a program to check whether given two numbers are amicable numbers or
not.
Hint: Amicable numbers are two numbers so related that the sum of the proper
divisors of the one is equal to the other, unity being considered as a proper
divisor but not the number itself. Such a pair is (220,284); for the proper
divisors of 220 are 1, 2, 4, 5, 10, 11, 20, 22, 44, 55 and 110, of which the sum is
284; and the proper divisors of 284 are 1, 2, 4, 71, and 142, of which the sum is
220.

8. Write a program to find the roots of a quadratic equation.

Session 4:

9. Write an interactive C program to find the sum and average of a given array of
elements.

10. Write an interactive C program to find the second largest and smallest elements
in a given single dimensional array.

11. Write a program to find the largest number in an array.

17
C and Python Lab
12. Write a program in C to put the given list of odd and even numbers in two
different arrays (Even_Array and Odd_Array).

Session 5:

13. Write aan interactive program to do the following computations by providing

the option using the switch statement:

 Add two matrices

 Subtract two matrices
 Multiply two matrices

14. Write a program to compute transpose of a matrix.

15. Write a program to find the inverse of a matrix.

Session 6:

16. Using function, swap the values of 2 variables.

17. Using function, write a C program to display the prime numbers between
intervals.

18. Write a program to check whether the number is a Prime or Armstrong

number using user defined function.

19. Using user defined function, check whether the given year is a leap year or
not.

Session 7:

20. Using recursion write a C program,

(a) To find sum of digits of a given number.
(b) To reverse a given number
(c) To find the factorial of a number
(d) To find Greatest Common Divisor (GCD) of two numbers
(e) To generate Fibonacci sequence

Session 8:

21. Write a program to convert a given lowercase string to upper case string without
using the inbuilt string function.

22. Write a program to count number of vowels, consonants and spaces in a given
string.

23. Write a program to input a string and output the reversed string, i.e. if "USF" is
input, the program has to output "FSU". You are not to use array notation to
access the characters, instead use pointer notation.

24. Write a program to find the length of the string without using the inbuilt string
function, instead use pointer notation.
18
 C Programming Lab

Session 9:

25. Write a program to process the students-evaluation records using structures.

26. Using structures, write a program to process the electricity bill.

27. Using structures, write an interactive C program to process the retail medical
stores bill.

Note: Assumptions can be made wherever necessary for Q25 to Q27.

Session 10:

28. Write a program that prompts the user the name of a file and then counts and
displays the number of bytes in the file. And create a duplicate file with the
word ‘.backup’ appended to the file name. Please check whether file was
successfully opened, and display an error message, if not.

29. Write a program to create a file, open it, type-in some characters and count the
number of characters in a file.

30. Write a program that will input a person’s first name, last name, Employee
number and age and write the information to a data file. Each person's
information should be in a single line. Use the function fprintf to write to the
data file. Accept the information and write the data within a loop. Your program
should exit the loop when the word “EXIT” is entered for the first name.
Remember to close the file before terminating the program..

19
  
C and Python Lab
SECTION 2 PYTHON PROGRAMMING LAB Pro

Structure Page No.

2.0 Introduction 18
2.1 Objectives 18
2.2 General Guidelines 18
2.3 Salient Features of Python 19
2.4 Working with Python 21
2.5 Running Python Programs 24
2.6 List of Lab Assignments – Session wise 25

2.0 INTRODUCTION
This is the lab course, wherein you will have the hands on experience. You have
studied the support course material (MCS-201 Programming in C & Python). In this
part, Python programming under ANACONDA and Google Colabs environments
are provided illustratively. A list of programming problems is also provided at the
end of each session. Please go through the general guidelines and the program
documentation guidelines carefully.

2.1 OBJECTIVES
After completing this lab course you will be able to:
 develop the logic for a given problem;
 recognize and understand the syntax and construction of Python code;
 gain experience of Python as Object Oriented Pprogramming Llanguage;
 know the steps involved in executing the python code;
 ••understand how to access and use modules;
 understand function declaration and definition;
 feel more confident about writing your own functions;
 be able to write some simple output on the screen as well as in the files;
 be able to write some complex programs;
 be able to apply all the concepts that have been covered in the theory
course; and
 know the alternative ways of providing solution to a given problem.

2.2 GENERAL GUIDELINES

 You should attempt all problems/assignments given in the list session
wise.

18 
 
  
Lab  You may seek assistance in doing the lab exercises from the concerned Python
Programming Lab
lab instructor. Since the assignments have credits, the lab instructor is
obviously not expected to tell you how to solve these, but you may ask
questions concerning the Python language or a technical problem.

 For each program you should add comments above each function in the
code, including the main function. This should also include a description
of the function written, the purpose of the function, meaning of the
argument used in the function and the meaning of the return value (if
any).

 These descriptions should be placed in the comment block immediately

above the relevant function source code.

 The comment block above the main function should describe the purpose
of the program. Proper comments are to be provide where and when
necessary in the programming.

 The program should be interactive, general and properly documented

with real Input/ Output data.

 If two or more submissions from different students appear to be of the

same origin (i.e. are variants of essentially the same program), none of
them will be counted. You are strongly advised not to copy somebody
else's work.

 It is your responsibility to create a separate directory to store all the

programs, so that nobody else can read or copy.

 Observation book and Lab record are compulsory

 The list of the programs(list of programs given at the end, session-wise)

is available to you in this lab manual. For each session, you must come
prepare with the algorithms and the programs written in the Observation
Book. You should utilize the lab hours for executing the programs,
testing for various desired outputs and enhancements of the programs.

 As soon as you have finished a lab exercise, contact one of the lab
instructor / in-charge in order to get the exercise evaluated and also get
the signature from him/her on the Observation book.

 Completed lab assignments should be submitted in the form of a Lab

Record in which you have to write the algorithm, program code along
with comments and output for various inputs given.

 The total no. of lab sessions (3 hours each) are 10 and the list of
assignments is provided session-wise. It is important to observe the
deadline given for each assignment.

2.3 SALIENT FEATURE OF PYTHON

19 
 
  
C and Python Lab We learned from the comparison of C and Python, given in MCS -
Programming in C & Python, that Python is a high-level, general-purpose, Pro

interpreted high level programming language. It is dynamically

typed and garbage-collected, and supports multiple programming paradigms
like structured (particularly, procedural,) object-oriented, and functional
programming, and due to its comprehensive standard library Python is often
described as a "batteries included" language
In this course you are given exposure to both programming languages i.e. C
and Python, based on your requirement you can choose your option to build
your carrier in programming. A comparison among the salient features of
both languages is given below:

Metrics Python C
It is a high-level, general-purpose
C is general-purpose procedural
Introduction & interpreted programming
programming language.
language.
Being compiled programming
Being Interpreted programming
language its execution speed is
language its execution speed is
Speed faster then that of the interpreted
slower then that of the compiled
programming language (i.e.
programming language (i.e. C).
Python).
Number of lines of code written Program syntax of C is quite
Usage in Python is quite less in complicated in comparison to
comparison to C Python.
Declaration of Variable type is
In C, declaration of variable type
not required, they are un-typed
is must, and it is done at the time
Declaration and a given variable can be stuck
of its creation, and only values of
of variables different types of values at
that declared type must be
different instances during the
assigned to the variables.
execution of any python program.
Error debugging is simple, as it
takes only one instruction at a Being compiler dependent
time. Compilation and execution language, error debugging is
Error
is performed simultaneously. difficult in C i.e. it takes the
Debugging
Errors are instantly shown, and entire source code, compiles it
execution stops at that instruction and finally all errors are shown.
only.
the same function can be used by Function renaming mechanism is
Function
two different names i.e. it not supported by C i.e. the same
renaming
supports the mechanism of function cannot be used by two
mechanism
function renaming different names.
Syntax of Python programs is The syntax of a C program is
Complexity Quite simple, easy to read, write comparatively harder than the
and learn syntax of Python.
Memory- It supports automatic garbage In C, the Programmer has to
20  management collection for memory explicitly do the memory
 
  
Lab management. management.
2.4 Python
Programming Lab
Python is a General-Purpose C is generally used for hardware
WORKIN
Applications programming language can be related applications where you
G WITH used for web design, AI, ML etc. need efficiency.
PYTHON Built-in Library of built-in functions is Library of built-in functions is
functions quite large in Python. quite limited in C
Now, we are having a
Implementing Gives ease of implementing data Explicit implementation of
bit of clarity about the Data structures with built-in insert, functions is requited for the
Python as a Structures append functions. implementation of data structures
programming language,
Pointers functionality is not
from the past sections Pointers Pointers are frequently used in C.
available in Python.
we learned about the
various libraries and frameworks of Python. Now, we need to work on the
IDEs (Integrated Development Environments) of Python, there are many
IDEs like Jupyter Notebook, Spyder, VS Code, R Programming etc., all are
collectively available in Anaconda (Anaconda is a free and open-source
distribution of the Python and R programming languages for scientific
computing (data science, machine learning applications, large-scale data
processing,predictiveanalytics, etc.)), or you may also go for the cloud
versions Like Google Colab Notebook, where you need not to have high
configuration hardwares, only internet is required and through your gmail
account you can work on Python using Jupyter notebook.
We will discuss in brief, some of the ways to work with Python, you may
choose any or try all and other options too.
1) Just browse for https://www.python.org and perform following steps :
a) Download the latest version of Python for the operating system
installed on your computer, as in my case its windows 64 bit, so I
downloaded python-3.7.7 (python-3.7.7-amd64.exe) from
https://www.python.org/downloads/release/python-377/
b) Now Run this exe file and install the Python, just click next and go
ahead, till the setup installation is finished
c) Finally you are having an interface for Python programming

21 
 
  
C and Python Lab
Pro

There is a variety of IDEs for python, Like Jupyter Notebook, Spyder, VS

Code etc, and all are available at Anaconda (a free and open-source
distribution of the Python and R programming languages for scientific
computing (data science, machine learning applications, large-scale data
processing, predictive analytics, etc.)). To start with Anaconda Just perform
following steps.
2) Just browse https://www.anaconda.com/ and perform following steps:

22 
 
  
Lab a) Click the Download button on the webpage of Python
https://www.anaconda.com/ Programming Lab

b) the distribution section https://www.anaconda.com/distribution/ will

open,
c) click the download option given on this page
https://www.anaconda.com/distribution/
d) https://www.anaconda.com/distribution/#download-section will
open, the option of 64bit and 32bit graphic installer for Python 3.x
(currently 3.7) and 2.x (currently 2.7) are given under Anaconda
2020.02 for windows installer.
e) It is recommended to download 64bit version of Python 3.x
(currently 3.7),
f) Anaconda3-2020.02-Windows-x86_64.exe will be downloaded.
g) Now, just run the setup of this Anaconda3-2020.02-Windows-
x86_64.exe , and click next-next, till the installation is completed.
h) Finally, you will find Anaconda Navigators shortcut on your
desktop, click on it and you can start working with any IDE be it
Jupyter Notebook, Spyder, VS Code etc., even you can work with R-
Programming.
Important: Before working with IDEs you need to understand how to work
with them and which ine is suitable, following are observations, currently:
a) When you start Jupyter Notebook on windows (by clicking on the
jupyter section, given in the anaconda Navigator), a browser will
open in internet explorer, many a times Jupyter Notebook won’t
work here, then just copy the URL from the Internet Explorer and
paste it in the Google Chrome, you will find that Jupyter Notebook
starts working, other details regarding the writing, saving, execution
of program, will be discussed later.
b) Program exeution in Jupyter is line by line and in VS Code and
Spyder it goes sideways, even errors can also be seen sideways. Any
ways all are good to work with Python.

23 
 
  
C and Python Lab
Pro

3) Many a times the learners may not be equipped with the systems
having latest hardware configuarations, as desired for the installation
of Python, or their might be compatibility issues with operating
syatem or may be due to any reason you are not able to install and
start your work with Python. Under such circumstances the solution is
Google Colab Notebook (https://colab.research.google.com
/notebooks/ welcome.ipynb), use this and just login with your gmail
account and start your work on Jupyter Notebook, as simple as that.

2.5 RUNNING PYTHON PROGRAMS

24 
 
  
Lab Just click file option and select new workbook, and new Jupyter notebook Python
will open in Google Colab, now you may start your work Programming Lab

As here, I wrote my first program (print(“hello”)) to say “hello” to all

of you , and executed it by simply pressing the play button, you may
see just before the print command I wrote, and the output comes just
beneath the statement print(“hello”).

print(‘Hello world!’)
x = 2020
print(x)

output
Hello World!
2020

2.6 LIST OF LAB ASSIGNMENTS – SESSION

WISE
Let us try solving a different kind of a problem now. How do you solve an
equation in Python?
Session-1

25 
 
  
C and Python Lab 1. Write a program in python, that calculates thevolume of a sphere (given
4 3. Pro
as πr ), with radius r entered by the user. (Assume π = 3.14)
3

2. Write a program in python that prints a warning message if the weight of

a customer’s luggage exceeds the allowed limit of 25 kgs.
3. let us say a teacher decided to give grades to her students as follows:
a) Mark greater than or equal to 80 Excellent
b) Mark greater than or equal to 65 but less than 80 Good
c) Mark greater than or equal to 50 but less than 65 Pass
d) Mark less than 50 Fail
Write a program in python to print a grade according to a student's mark with
multiple if statements
Session - 2
4. Write a program in python, to print even numbers in range 0 to 9 (last
number not less than 10).Using while construct
5. Write a program in Python that prints the square of the numbers in the
list, using for loop construct.
6. Write a program in Python that will print numbers from 1 to 10 only if
the number is odd. When the number is even, it goes to the next iteration.
When n becomes 7 it will finish the current while statement and run the
next statement which is print (‘all numbers printed').
Session - 3
7. Write a program in Python to perform the Simple slicing on the list
['a','b','c','d','e','f','g','h','i','j','k','l','m','n'], and extracts the characters from
elements at index 3 to element at 7 (i.e. upper index - 1). Remember that
indexing starts with 0.
8. Write a program in Python to Swap Two Numbers without Using
Intermediate/Temporary Variable. Prompt the User for Input.
9. Write a program in Python that Accepts a Sentence and Calculate the
Number of Digits, Uppercase and Lowercase Letters.
Session - 4
10. Write a program in Python to check if a given year is a leap year
11. Write a Program to Find
a) the Transpose of a Matrix
b) product of two matrices

26 
c) sum of two matrices
 
  
Lab 12. Write a program in Python to display the Fibonacci Sequences up to nth Python
term where n is provided by the user Programming Lab

Session - 5
13. Write a function in Python to find the factorial of a number(n), where n
is provided by the user
14. Write a function in Python to calculate sum, difference, product of the
two numbers passed as an argument to the function.
15. Write a function in Python which will accept a number within the range
of 1 and 20, and find whether it is a prime number or not. If it is a prime
number, function should return True and if not False.
Note that prime numbers are numbers which are divisible only by 1 and
by the number it-self. What is the argument type that you use here?
Session - 6
16. Write Lambda function and Normal function in Python to get the average
of two numbers.
17. Write a Python program to sort a list of tuples using Lambda.
18. Write program in Python to perform following file operations
a) display file contents
b) Create file and add contents to it.
c) read, write and append using with statement
d) to copy a file from ‘original.txt’ to ‘duplicate.txt’
e) to delete a file
Session - 7
19. Develop a module named calculator.py in Python, which contain three
function – factorial(n) : to find factorial of a number, Fibonacci(n): to
find Fibonacci series up to given number, n. Perform following tasks:
a) Import the developed module
b) call the functions available in the module
i) to generate Fibonacci series upto a number, and
ii) to determine factorial of a number entered by user
20. Create a package in Python name Interest and within this package create
two modules simple.py and compound.py. The simple.py module
contains function Simple_Interest() and compound.py module contains
function Compound_Interest().
Session - 8
27 
 
  
C and Python Lab 21. Write Python class to :
Pro
a) to convert an integer to a roman numeral
b) to convert a roman numeral to an integer.
22. Write a Python class which has two methods get_String and print_String.
get_String accept a string from the user and print_String print the string
in upper case
23. Write a Python class named Circle constructed by a radius and two
methods which will compute the area and the perimeter of a circle.
Session - 9
24. Write a python code to read a dataset (may be CSV file) and print all
features i.e. columns of the dataset. Determine the descriptive statistics
i.e. Maximum, Minimum Mean Median, Count, Variance,Standard
Deviation etc. of the numeric features like age, salary etc., may be
present in the dataset.
25. Write a Python program to read a given CSV file
a) having tab delimiter.
b) as a list.
c) as a dictionary.
d) print the content of the columns
26. Write a Python program to write a Python dictionary to a csv file. After
writing the CSV file read the CSV file and display the content.
27. Write a Python program to write a Python list of lists to a csv file. After
writing the CSV file read the CSV file and display the content.
Session -10
28. Write Python Program to perform following tasks
a) Create a database TRAINING_DB
b) Set connection with mysql.connector.connect.
c) Create a table EMP_TRAINING in database TRAINING_DB with
following data
FIRST_NAME,LAST_NAME,AGE,GENDER,INCOME.
d) change table structure / (add, edit, remove column of a table) at run
time
i) add a column address in the EMP_TRAINING table.
ii) execute SQL INSERT statement to create a record into
EMP_TRAINING table
28 
 
  
Lab iii) run the query to updates all the records having GENDER Python
as 'M', and increase AGE of all the males by one year. Programming Lab

iv) delete all the records from EMP_TRAINING Table where AGE
is less than 18 .

29