Concepts and Principles of Pharmacology To Ensure Safe and Proper Use of Drugs
Concepts and Principles of Pharmacology To Ensure Safe and Proper Use of Drugs
Concepts and Principles of Pharmacology To Ensure Safe and Proper Use of Drugs
Age-related factors
Neonates and infants (due underdeveloped
system, muscle mass and metabolic
enzyme system and inadequate renal function)
Common interactions
between food and drugs
Drug Effects on Nutritional Status
Misuse of medication can alter patient nutrition status.
Some medication can cause depletion of certain
element i the body.
Food Effects on Drug Absorption
Food interaction would reduce the amount of drug that
can be absorbed into the body since most drugs are
absorbed in the intestines.
Food Effects on Drug Utilization
Food minimize the effects of drug in the body
Self-Check 1
Case Presentation.
Mrs. Concepcion, a 55-year-old patient, was admitted to the floor with a deep vein thrombosis
diagnosis. Around a week ago, the client found swelling in her left leg, but chose to treat it at home.
The lower leg, four days later, was very edematous, warm and painful to lift. The client was admitted
to the hospital after an office visit. This is first-time hospitalization of Mrs. Concepcion. Examined, you
find the left leg colder than the right one. The circumference of the left thigh is 3 inches greater than
the one of the right. After the loading dose bolus was administered, the prescribing doctor prescribed
a heparin IV drip. The drip contained 10,000 units of heparin at 10 mL / h (200 units / h) per 500 mL of
D5W. The prescribing practitioner expects Mrs. Concepcion to be weaned from the drip of heparin and
to start on subcutaneous heparin within 5 days. She is being given Coumadin at the time of discharge.
Question 1: How would you ensure high compliance of Mrs. Concepcion in administering
her take home medications?.
Lesson 3:
Medication Errors
Medication Error
any preventable occurrence that can cause or result in excessive
use of medications or damage to the patient when the medicine is
under the control of a health care provider, patient or customer.
1 2 3
Medication errors shall be reported
in a timely manner If the nurse is unable to read or The nurse can withhold any
understand the prescription, the medications if the health of the client
A medication error report must prescriber should be contacted for is at risk. Notify the prescriber of the
include the name of the clarification. need to withhold the prescription
medication, the dosage given, the and the justification for keeping it is
route, the time the medication was appropriate. Record the reason for
given, the particular error that the withholding of the prescription,
occurred, the time the prescribing such as the withholding of a dosage
doctor was informed about the of antihypertensive medication due
error and what countermeasures to a client who is currently suffering
were taken. hypotension
Self-check 3
Legal and Ethical Scenario Question 1: What should be your next
action?
While monitoring a client who has an intravenous
order for Solu-Cortef and an anti-inflammatory
drug, you find that Solu-Medrol and an anti-
inflammatory drug are in the client's room. You
review the order again to make sure that the
initial order was for Solu-Cortef and that the
order was not updated.