MATB253/MATB314 LINEAR ALGEBRA

SEMESTER I, 2009/2010
TEST 2
3 October 2009 (Saturday)

Answer ALL 4 questions Time allowed: 1 hour

1. (a) Find the standard matrix for the linear transformation on R 3 that rotates that vector
counter-clockwise through an angle of  30  about the y-axis then projects a vector
orthogonally on the xz –plane. Hence, find the image of the vector (1, 3, 5) under this
linear transformation.

3
(b) Determine whether the linear operator T : R  R 3 defined by the equations
w1  x1  2 x2  7 x3
w2  2 x1  5 x2  3 x3 is one-to-one.
w3  8 x1  19 x 2 5 x3

(10 points)
2
2. Determine whether the transformation T: R 3 R defined by
T ( x , y , z ) = ( x  5y + 4z , y – 6z ) is linear.
(10 points)

3. (a) Determine whether the following polynomials span P2 . Hence, determine whether these

polynomials can form a basis for P2 .

p1 ( x)  4 x  6 x 2 , p 2 ( x)  x  2 x 2 and p3 ( x)  1  7 x .

a b 
(b) Let W be the set of M 22 consisting of all integers of the form A =   . Determine
c d 
whether W is a subspace of M 22 .

(12 points)

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4. The reduced row-echelon form of the matrix

 1 2 0 3  4 1 0 2 0 1 
   
 3 2 8 1 4  0 1 1 0 1 
A=   is 
2 3 7 2 3 0 0 0 1  1
   
1 2 0 4 
 3  0 
 0 0 0 0

(a) Find the basis for the row space of A.

(b) Find the basis for the column space of A.
(c) Find the rank of AT .
(d) Find the nullity of AT .
(8 points)
 MATB253/MATB314 LINEAR ALGEBRA
SEMESTER I, 2009/2010
TEST 2
3 October 2009 (Saturday)

Marking Scheme

Question 1
(a) Find the standard matrix for the linear transformation on R 3 that rotates that vector
counter-clockwise through an angle of  30  about the y-axis then projects a vector
orthogonally on the xz –plane. Hence, find the image of the vector (1, 3, 5 ) under this
linear transformation.

Solution

 3 1
0  
 cos(30) 0 sin(30)   2 2
T1   
0 1 0   0 1 0 
  sin(30) 0 cos( 30)   1 3

 0
 2 2 
1 0 0 
T2   0 0 0  
 0 0 1 
 3 1  3 1
0    0  
1 0 0   2 2  2 2

T2T1  0 0 0   0 1 0  0 0 0  
0 0 1   1
 
3  1 3

 0 0
 2 2   2 2 

 3 1  3 5
 0     
 2 2  1   2 2 
T2T1 (1,3,5)   0 0 0  3   0  
   
 1 3  5  1 5 3 
0 
 2 2   2 2 
 3
(b) Determine whether the linear operator T : R  R 3 defined by the equations
w1  x1  2 x2  7 x3
w2  2 x1  5 x2  3 x3 is one-to-one.
w3  8 x1  19 x 2 5 x3

Solution

1 2 7 
 
A   2 5 3  , and
 8 19 5 
 

5 3 2 3 2 5 
det( A)  (1)( 1)11  (2)(1) 21  (7)( 1)31
19 5 8 5 8 19

= (1) (25+57) + (2)( 10+24) + (7) (3840) = 0 

Since det(A) = 0, therefore A is not invertible. 

By the Equivalent Statements, T is not one-to-one. 

(10 points)

Question 2
2
Determine whether the transformation T: R3  R defined by
T ( x , y , z ) = ( x  5y + 4z , y – 6z ) is linear.

Solution

T ( x , y , z ) = ( x  5y + 4z , y – 6z )

Condition 1

Let T (u )  T  x1 , y1 , z1    x1  5 y1  4 z1 , y1  6 z1 
and T (v)  T  x2 , y2 , z2    x2  5 y2  4 z 2 , y2  6 z2  

and c any scalar

T (u  v)  T  x1  x2 , y1  y2 , z1  z2 
   x1  x2   5  y1  y2   4  z1  z2  ,  y1  y2   6  z1  z2  
 
 x1  x2  5 y1  5 y2  4 z1  4 z2 , y1  y2  6 z1  6 z2 

T (u )  T (v)   x1  5 y1  4 z1 , y1  6 z1    x2  5 y2  4 z 2 , y2  6 z2 
 x1  5 y1  4 z1  x2  5 y2  4 z2 , y1  6 z1  y2  6 z 2   
 T (u  v)

Therefore T(u  v) = T(u)  T (v) 

T ( c u)  T  cx1 , cy1 , cz1 

 cx1  5cy1  4cz1 , cy1  6cz1  
cT (u)  c  x1  5 y1  4 z1 , y1  6 z1  
 cx1  5cy1  4cz1 , cy1  6cz1 

Therefore T ( cu)= c T(u) 

 T is a linear transformation. 
(10 points)

Question 3

(a) Determine whether the following polynomials span P2 . Hence, determine whether these

polynomials can form a basis for P2 .

p1 ( x )  4 x  6 x 2 , p 2 ( x)  x  2 x 2 and p3 ( x)  1  7 x .

Solution.

Choose arbitrary polynomial b  b 0 b1 x  b2 x such that

2

k1 (4 x  6 x 2 ) + k2 ( x  2 x 2 ) + k3 (1  7 x)  b .

Or equivalently, 

0k1  0k2  k3  b0
4k1  k2  7 k3  b 1
6k1  2k 2 0k3  b2
Since
0 0 1 
 
A   4 1 7  .  and det( A)  (1) 4 1  2  0 
6 2 0  6 2
 

Based on the equivalent statements, det( A)  0 implies that Ax=b is consistent for all b. 
Therefore the polynomials span P2. 

And since dim (P2) = 3= number of vectors,  the polynomials form a basis for P2. 

a b 
(b) Let W be the set of M 22 consisting of all integers of the form A =   . Determine
c d 
whether W is a subspace of M 22 .

Solution;

a b 
W = {  : a, b, c, d  Z }
c d 
 a1 b1 
Let A     W : a1 , b1 , c 1 , d1  Z and
 c1 d1 
 a b2 
B 2   W : a2 , b2 , c2 , d 2  Z , 
 c 2 d2 
 ka1 kb1 
Since k , kA     W because ka1 , kb1 , kc 1 , kd1  , maynot be integer.  
 kc1 kd1 

4
Therefore W is NOT a subspace of R . 
(12 points)

Question 4

(a) Basis for the row space of A is {1,0,2,0,1,0,1 ,0,1,0,0,0,11} 

(b) Basis for the column space of A is {1,3,2,1 ,2,2,3,2 ,3,12,4 } 

T T T

(c) Rank of AT = 3 

(d) Nullity of AT = 4 – 3 = 1 

(8 points)