Clamp Meter - Mastering The Art of Measurement - EN.r00

Mastering The Art
of Measurement
(Clamp Meter)
Mastering the Art of Measurement (Clamp Meter) r.00 www.plusivo.com

Table of Contents
Introduction 3
1. Overview 3
1.1 Versions of the clamp meter 3
1.2 Parts 4
1.3 Rotary switch 5
1.4 Key function description 6
1.5 LCD Display 7
2. Features 8
3. Safety Notes 9
4. Reference Table 9
4.1 Table of SI units 9
4.2 Table of prefixes 10
5. General Characteristics 10

5.1 AC current parameters 10
5.2 DC current parameters (CL101C only) 11
5.3 DC voltage 11
5.4 AC voltage 11
5.5 Frequency 12
5.6 Duty cycle 12
5.7 Via gear frequency 12
5.8 Clamp frequency measurement (Via gear A) 12
5.9 Via gear V 12
5.10 Resistance 13
5.11 Continuity test 13
5.12 Capacitance 13
5.13 Temperature 14
5.14 Low impedance measurement 14
6. Measurement 15
6.1 DC Voltage Measurement 15
6.2 AC Voltage Measurement 16
6.3 AC Current Measurement 17
6.4 DC Current Measurement 18
6.5 Resistance Measurement 20
6.6 Capacitance Measurement 22
6.7 Diode Test 24
6.8 Continuity Test 26
6.9 Temperature measurement 27
6.10 Frequency measurement 28
1

6.11 Frequency measurement using the clamp 29
6.12 Duty cycle measurement 30
6.13 MAX/MIN measurement 31
6.14 REL (relative) measurement 33
6.15 LoZ (low impedance) measurement 36
6.16 NCV Detection 38
7. Basic Concepts 39
7.1 Ohm's Law 39
7.1.1 Example 39
7.2 Joule's Law for Electrical Power 42
7.2.1 Example 42
7.3 Kirchhoff's Law 44
7.3.1 Kirchhoff's Current Law 44
7.3.2 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law 44
7.3.3 Example 45
7.4 Shunt resistor 50
7.4.1 Example 51
7.5 Choosing the Right Resistor for an LED 53
7.5.1 Example 54
7.6 Measuring Internal Resistance of a Battery 55
7.6.1 Example 56
7.7 Testing Some Components Using clamp meter 58
7.7.1 Potentiometer Test 58
7.7.2 BJT Transistor Test 60

Introduction
In this guide, you are going to learn how to measure DC-AC voltage, DC-AC current,
resistance, diodes, capacitance, frequency, duty cycle, MAX/MIN measurement, REL (relative)
measurement, LoZ (low impedance) measurement, NCV measurement, temperature and
continuity test using clamp meter. We are going to study some basic concepts like Ohm's Law
and Kirchhoff's Law.
Let’s get started!
1. Overview
1.1 Versions of the clamp meter

There are two versions of this clamp meter which are CL101B and CL101C.
The main difference between them is that the current clamp in version CL101C can
measure DC-AC current, but the current clamp in version CL101B can measure only AC
current.
3

1.2 Parts
(1) Current clamp
(2) Flash light
(3) Alarm indicator light
(4) Trigger for opening the current clamp
(5) Function key
(6) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)
(7) Test probes connection sockets
(8) Non contact voltage detector
(9) Rotary switch

1.3 Rotary switch
Below you can see functions of the rotary switch for both versions.
600A AC current measurement up to 600 A
60A
AC current measurement up to 60 A / 6 A
6A
600A AC-DC current measurement up to 600 A
60A AC-DC current measurement up to 60 A
TEMP Temperature measurement
V AC-DC voltage measurement
Capacitance / Continuity / Resistance / Diode
LoZ Low impedance voltage measurement
Hz% Frequency measurement - Duty cycle measurement
OFF Instrument turned OFF

5

1.4 Key function description
Non contact voltage detection
Hold function / backlight and flashlight
Select function
Change range
Maximum / Minimum value measurement mode

Relative measurement / Frequency measurement - Duty cycle
measurement
Select function / Frequency measurement - Duty cycle measurement
Note: flashlight only works during current measurement.
1.5 LCD Display

Alternating current measurement
Direct current measurement
Auto-range mode
Auto power off indicator
Low battery
Hold function activated
V Voltage measurement (mV, V)

A Current measurement
Hz Frequency (Hz, kHz)
MAX-MIN Maximum and minimum value
F Capacitance (nF, μF)
% Duty cycle measurement
REL Relative measurement
2. Features
● Automatic selection of the measurement function and range
● Overload protection through the whole range
● Maximum voltage between the measurement probe and ground: 600V DC or 600V AC
● Maximum operating height of 2000 m
● LCD display
● Maximum display of “0L” or “-0L”
● Overload protection through the whole range
● Sampling rate of 3 times per second

● Function and measurement unit display
● Maximum display value of 6000 counts
● Automated polarity indication
● Auto power off after 15 minutes
● Power supply from 3 x 1.5V AAA batteries
● Low battery detection
● Temperature coefficient of less than 0.1 x accuracy / °C
● Operating temperature range: 18°C ~ 28°C
● Storage temperature range: 10°C ~ 50°C
3. Safety Notes
1. When using this instrument please observe the standard safety rules:
● General electric shock prevention
● Instrument misuse prevention rules
2. Before using this instrument check whether it has been damaged during
transportation or storage.
3. Before use, check whether the insulation of the test probes has been damaged and
whether the wire conductor is exposed, the test probes must be in good condition.
In general, if something unusual happens or if you suspect that something is wrong or has
malfunctioned, do not do anything with the product and immediately contact the seller for
assistance (email address: [email protected])
4. Reference Table
4.1 Table of SI units
Quantity SI Unit Abbreviation
Voltage Volts V
Current Ampere A
Power Watt W
Energy Joule J
Electric charge Coulomb C
Resistance Ohm Ω
Capacitance Farad F
Inductance Henry H
Frequency Hertz Hz
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4.2 Table of prefixes
Prefix Power Numeric Representation
Tera (T) 1012 1 trillion
Giga (G) 109 1 billion
Mega (M) 106 1 million
Kilo (k) 103 1 thousand
No prefix 100 1 unit
Milli (m) 10−3 1 thousandth
Micro (u) 10−6 1 millionth
Nano (n) 10−9 1 billionth
Pico (p) 10−12 1 trillionth
5. General Characteristics
5.1 AC current parameters
Range Resolution Accuracy
60 A 0.01 A ± (2.5% reading + 8 digits)
600 A 0.1 A ± (2.5% reading + 8 digits)
Minimum input AC current 0.1 A
Maximum input AC current 600 A
Frequency range 45 ~ 400 Hz
10

5.2 DC current parameters (CL101C only)
60 A 0.01 A ± (3% reading + 8 digits)
600 A 0.1 A ± (3% reading + 8 digits)
Minimum input DC current 0.1 A
Maximum input DC current 600 A
5.3 DC voltage
600 mV 0.1 mV ± (0.5% reading + 5 digits)
6V 0.001 V ± (0.5% reading + 5 digits)
60 V 0.01 V ± (0.5% reading + 5 digits)
Minimum input DC voltage 0.001 V
Maximum input DC voltage 600 V
5.4 AC voltage
Minimum input AC voltage 0.01 V
Maximum input AC voltage 600 V
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5.5 Frequency
10 Hz 0.001 Hz ± (1% reading + 5 digits)
10 kHz 0.001 kHz ± (1% reading + 5 digits)
10 MHz 0.001 MHz ± (3% reading + 5 digits)
5.6 Duty cycle

1 ~ 99 % 0.1% ± (3% reading + 5 digits)
5.7 Via gear frequency

Measurement range 40 ~ 1000 Hz
Input signal range ≥ 0.2 ~ 10 V AC
Overload protection 250 V AC or DC
5.8 Clamp frequency measurement (Via gear A)

Input signal range ≥ ¼ full scale value
5.9 Via gear V

Input signal range ≥ 0.5 ~ 600 V AC
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5.10 Resistance

600 Ω 0.1 Ω ± (0.8% reading + 3 digits)
6 kΩ 0.001 Ω ± (0.8% reading + 3 digits)
60 kΩ 0.01 kΩ ± (0.8% reading + 3 digits)
600 kΩ 0.1 kΩ ± (0.8% reading + 3 digits)
6 MΩ 0.001 MΩ ± (0.8% reading + 3 digits)
60 MΩ 0.01 MΩ ± (0.8% reading + 3 digits)
5.11 Continuity test

If the resistance being measured is less than 50 Ω the instrument will emit a continuous
alarm sound.
The resolution for the continuity test resistance measurement is 1 Ω.
The voltage overload protection for this function is up 250 V AC or DC.
5.12 Capacitance
60 nF 0.01 nF ± (4% reading + 3 digits)
600 nF 0.1 nF ± (4% reading + 3 digits)
6 µF 0.001 µF ± (4% reading + 3 digits)
6 mF 0.001 mF ± (4% reading + 3 digits)
60 mF 0.01 mF ± (4% reading + 3 digits)
13

5.13 Temperature
-200 ~ 1300 °C 1 °C ± (1% reading + 2 °C)
-328 ~ 2372 °F 2 °F ± (1% reading + 4 °F)
Note: The precision does not include the error of the thermocouple probe.
5.14 Low impedance measurement

Minimum input AC voltage 0.01 V
Maximum input AC voltage 600 V
Note: In low impedance measurement mode, the longest measurement time shall not exceed 1
minute.
14

6. Measurement
6.1 DC Voltage Measurement
1. Insert the black wire to "COM" and the red wire to port.
2. Turn the rotary switch to AC and DC voltage measurement function.
3. Press the " " key to select DC voltage measurement.
4. Connect the probes to the voltage that you want to measure (the red probe needs to
be connected to the positive voltage and the black probe needs to be connected to the
negative voltage or ground).
Figure 1. The measured voltage in this figure is 1.626 V DC.
Note:
1. Do not measure a voltage over 600 V, because there is a risk to damage the instrument
circuit.
2. When measuring a high voltage circuit, pay attention not to touch any high voltage part of the
circuit.
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6.2 AC Voltage Measurement
3. Press the " " key to select AC voltage measurement.
4. Connect the probes to the voltage that you want to measure, press " " to switch
the display between frequency and duty cycle measurement.
Figure 2. The measured voltage in this figure is 242.9 V AC.
Note:
1. Do not measure a voltage over 600 Vrms, because there is a risk to damage the instrument
circuit.
2. When measuring a high voltage circuit, pay attention not to touch any high voltage part of the
circuit.
16

6.3 AC Current Measurement
1. Turn the rotary switch to the desired current range.
2. Insert the wire through which you want to measure the current into the current clamp.
3. Press the " " key to select AC current measurement.
Note: Both versions can measure AC current, but only CL101C can measure DC current.
Figure 3. The measured current in this figure is 0.130 A AC.
Note: If the range of the current to be measured is unknown, put the rotary switch to the highest
range, then according to the value displayed, turn to the corresponding range.
17

6.4 DC Current Measurement
1. Turn the rotary switch to the desired current range.
2. Insert the wire through which you want to measure the current into the current clamp.
3. Press the " " key to select DC current measurement.
4. Press and hold the key , this will set the display to zero.
Note: Both versions can measure AC current, but only CL101C can measure DC current.
Figure 4. The measured current in this figure is 3.70 A DC.
If you want to measure a small current there is a method you can make many loops of
the wire, like if you loop it 10 times you increase the magnetic field by 10 times and you read 10
times the real value.
18

Let us measure the current for a load by looping it 10 times.
Figure 5. The measured current in this figure is 4.90 A DC.
So the real value is:

4.90 A
10 = 0.49 A DC
19

6.5 Resistance Measurement
2. Turn the rotary switch to Capacitance- Continuity-Resistance-Diode function .

3. Press the " " key to select resistance measurement.
Figure 6. The measured resistance in this figure is 9.92 kΩ.
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Figure 7. The measured resistance in this figure is 8.0 Ω.
Note:
1. When the input is open, the display will show "OL".
2. When measuring the on-line resistance, make sure that all the power of the circuit under test
is turned off and all the capacitors are fully discharged.
3. Do not input voltage in the resistance test.
4. Do not touch the two test probes at the same time, because the resistance of your body will
be added in parallel to the resistance that you want to measure.
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6.6 Capacitance Measurement
2. Turn the rotary switch to Capacitance-Continuity-Resistance-Diode function .

3. Press the " " key to select capacitance measurement.
Figure 8. The measured capacitance in this figure is 143.1 nF.
22

Figure 9. The measured capacitance in this figure is 35.62 µF.
Note:
1. When the input is open, the display will show "0.000".
2. When measuring the on-line capacitor, make sure that all the power of the circuit under test is
turned off and all the capacitors are fully discharged.
3. Do not input voltage in the capacitance test.
4. Do not touch the two test probes at the same time, because the capacitance of your body will
be added in parallel to the capacitance that you want to measure.
23

6.7 Diode Test

3. Press the " " key to select diode measurement.
4. Connect the black probe to the cathode and the red probe to the anode.
The display will show the approximate forward voltage drop.
Figure 10. The measured forward voltage in this figure is 0.541 V.

24

Figure 11. If you connect the probes incorrectly, the display will show "OL".

25

6.8 Continuity Test
3. Press the " " key to select Continuity Test .
Figure 13. If a conductor path is connected, the clamp meter will beep and the alarm
indicator light will light up.
Figure 14. If a conductor path is broken the clamp meter will not beep.
26

6.9 Temperature measurement
1. Insert the black terminal of the thermocouple to "COM" and the red terminal of the
thermocouple to port.
2. Turn the rotary switch to TEMP measurement .
3. Press the " " key to switch between degrees Celsius and Fahrenheit.
Figure 15. The measured temperature in this figure is 430 °C.
Figure 16. The measured temperature in this figure is 879 °F.

27

6.10 Frequency measurement
1. Insert the black wire to "COM" and the red wire to " " port.
2. Turn the rotary switch to Frequency measurement - Duty cycle measurement (Hz%).
3. If you use CL101B version, press key to select Frequency measurement (Hz).
For CL101C version,, press key to select Frequency measurement (Hz).
Figure 17. The measured frequency in this figure is 489.8 Hz.
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6.11 Frequency measurement using the clamp
2. Press the " " key to select AC voltage measurement.
3. If you use CL101B version, press key to select Frequency measurement (Hz).
For CL101C version, press key to select Frequency measurement (Hz).
Figure 18. The measured frequency in this figure is 50.08 Hz.
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6.12 Duty cycle measurement
1. Insert the black wire to "COM" and the red wire to " ".
2. Turn the rotary switch to Frequency measurement - Duty cycle measurement (Hz%).
3. If you use CL101B version press key to select Duty cycle measurement (%).
For CL101C version, press key to select Duty cycle measurement (%).
Figure 19. The measured duty cycle in this figure is 84.7 %.
30

6.13 MAX/MIN measurement
This method can be used to capture instantaneous minimum values or maximum values.
During this measurement the clamp meter will capture the lowest value and the highest value in
addition to calculating the differential between them.
1. Select what you want to measure.
2. Press the key to switch between MAX, MIN and MAX-MIN.
We will measure a variable DC voltage as an example. We will measure DC voltage

from 10V to 13V, and then we will switch between MAX, MIN and MAX-MIN values.
Minimum value:
Figure 20. The MIN voltage in this figure is 10.11 V DC.
31

Maximum value:
Figure 21. The MAX voltage in this figure is 13.06 V DC.
Maximum value - Minimum value:
Figure 22. The MAX-MIN voltage in this figure is 2.95 V DC.

32

6.14 REL (relative) measurement
1. Select what you want to measure.
2. Press and hold on Relative measurement key .
Clamp meter will store the instantaneous measurement as a reference value, and sets
the display to zero.
Note: This function is only available in CL101C version.
We will measure DC voltage as an example:
33

Then Press and hold the Relative measurement key .
Figure 24. The measured voltage in this figure is 0 V DC.
The value of the voltage is stored now as a relative value, if we leave the probes the
clamp meter will show a minus value.
Figure 25. The measured voltage in this figure is -6.38 V DC.

34

Then let’s measure a 9V battery.
This value is:

1.90 V + 6.38 V = 8.28 V
35

6.15 LoZ (low impedance) measurement
During voltage measurement, the input impedance of the clamp meter is too high (more
than 6 MΩ) so it will take a very little current from the measuring point. So it is important to
measure very small current, because the input impedance is too high.
But if you will try to measure non-energized wires but they are close to energized wire,
the energized wire will generate a magnetic field. So a small voltage will be generated in the
non-energized wire and they call this voltage (ghost voltage).
If we measure this voltage using normal AC voltage measurement, the clamp meter will
show some volts, according to the high impedance input. In this case we need to use LoZ
measurement, the impedance of the input is around 300 kΩ, so during the measurement it will
take more current to measure the voltage, this way you can judge the voltage if it is real, or just
a (ghost voltage).
Now let us measure the voltage using normal AC voltage measurement:
36

Let us measure the same voltage using LoZ measurement:
Note: In low impedance measurement mode the longest measurement time shall not exceed 1
minute.
37

6.16 NCV Detection
The NCV function can be used with the rotary switch turned to any position. The
instrument can detect whether the conductor being measured carries a voltage higher than 90 V
AC. For using the NCV function, press the "NCV" key to display EF and bring the NCV sensor
close to the conductor under test.
The NCV sensor is located at the tip of the current clamp, when the instrument detects
AC voltage the buzzer gets activated and the NCV alarm light will flash.
Figure 29. Clamp meter detects AC voltage.
Note: Even if there's no alarm indication, voltage may still exist. Do not depend on the non
contact voltage detector for judging on whether there's voltage or not in a wire. The detection
may be impacted by various factors like different socket designs, different insulation materials,
insulation thickness, etc.
38

7. Basic Concepts
7.1 Ohm's Law
It is a law that illustrates the relationship between the voltage, the current, and the
resistance.
V = I ·R
V
R = I
V
I = R
I is the current through the resistor.
V is the voltage around the resistor.
R is the resistance.
7.1.1 Example
Calculate the current in this circuit.
V
Simply, we can use Ohm’s law: I = R
3V
510 Ω = 0.00588 A = 5.88 mA
39

Let us build this circuit in reality, and measure the voltage and the resistance.
If we measure the resistance on the resistor:
Figure 30. The measured resistance in this figure is 510 Ω.
Note:
Disconnect the battery when measuring the resistance, otherwise, the clamp meter may be
damaged.
40

If we measure the voltage around the resistor:
3.192 V
If we calculate the measured values: 510 Ω = 6.26 mA
41

7.2 Joule's Law for Electrical Power
Electric power is the rate of the emitting power from a resistor per unit time, the unit of
power is watt.
P = I ·V
P = I2 · R
V2
P = R
P is the power on the resistor.
I is the current through the resistor.
V is the voltage around the resistor.
R is the resistance.
Note: There are many types of emitting power, it may be a rotary power, light, heat, etc.
7.2.1 Example
Calculate the power on the resistor.
To calculate the power on the resistor, we need any two values of these: Voltage,
Current or Resistance.
In our example, we have the voltage and the resistance, so we can use this formula:
2
P = VR
(3 V )2
510 Ω = 0.0176 W = 17.6 mW
Let us see what we will get if we built this circuit in reality and calculate the power using
the clamp meter.
42

Figure 32. The measured resistance in this figure is 510 Ω.
Note:
Disconnect the battery when measuring the resistance, otherwise, the clamp meter may be
damaged.
(3.192 V )2
So if we calculate the new values: 510 Ω = 19.98 mW
2
(3 V )
We can count on our calculation “ 510 Ω = 0.0176 W = 17.6 mW ” because
17.6 mW is almost equal to 19.98 mW.
43

7.3 Kirchhoff's Law
7.3.1 Kirchhoff's Current Law

Currents entering the node equals currents leaving the node.
7.3.2 Kirchhoff's Voltage Law

The sum of all the voltages around the loop is equal to zero.
R1
V1 R2
44

7.3.3 Example
Calculate the voltage around the resistors.
In this case, we are going to use Kirchhoff's law, we need to suppose the paths for the
current to use Kirchhoff's current law, and we need to suppose two loops to use Kirchhoff's
voltage law.
To use Kirchhoff's voltage law, we need to know some rules, for example, in L1 if the
loop passes the battery from - to + we write it in the equation (+3 V), but if the loop passes the
battery from + to - we write it in the equation (-3 V). Let us take 2.2 k Ω resistor as an example,
if the loop passes the resistor in the same direction with the current we write it ( − 2.2 kΩ · I 1 ),
but if the loop passes the resistor in the opposite direction with the current we write it (
+ 2.2 kΩ · I 1 ).
45

We get this equation from L1 .
Equation 1: 3 V − (I 1 · 2.2 kΩ) − (I 3 · 680 Ω) = 0 V
We get this equation from L2 .

Equation 2: (I 3 · 680 Ω) + 3 V − (I 2 · 47 Ω) = 0 V
We get this equation from the node.

Equation 3: I 1 = I 2 + I 3
Now, let us do some math to calculate I 1 , I 2 and I 3 .
Equation 1: 3 V − (I 1 · 2.2 kΩ) − (I 3 · 680 Ω) = 0 V

3 V − (I 3 · 680 Ω) = I 1 · 2200 Ω
3V I 3 ·680 Ω
I 1 = 2200 Ω − 2200 Ω
I 1 = 0.001363 A − (I 3 · 0.3091) → This becomes equation 4
Equation 2: (I 3 · 680 Ω) + 3 V − (I 2 · 47 Ω) = 0 V
I 2 · 47 Ω = (I 3 · 680 Ω) + 3 V
I · 680 Ω 3V
I 2 = 3 47 Ω + 47 Ω
I 2 = (I 3 · 14.468) + 0.0638 A → This becomes equation 5
Equation 4: I 1 = 0.001363 A − (I 3 · 0.3091)

Equation 5: I 2 = (I 3 · 14.468) + 0.0638 A
From Equation 3: I 1 = I 2 + I 3 , w
e will use the derived I1 and I2 from previous calculation to
get I3, thus,
0.001363 A − (I 3 · 0.3091) = (I 3 · 14.468) + 0.0638 A + I 3
− I 3 · 0.3091 = (I 3 · 14.468) + 0.0638 A − 0.001363 A + I 3
− I 3 · 0.3091 = (I 3 · 14.468) + 0.062437 + I 3
− 0.062437 = (I 3 · 0.3091) + (I 3 · 14.468) + I 3
− 0.062437 = 15.7771 · I 3
I 3 = − 0.003957 A
Equation 4: I 1 = 0.001363 A − (I 3 · 0.3091)

I 1 = 0.001363 A − (− 0.003957 A · 0.3091)
I 1 = 0.001363 A + 0.001223 A
I 1 = 0.002586 A
Equation 5: I 2 = (I 3 · 14.468) + 0.0638 A

I 2 = (− 0.003957 A · 14.468) + 0.0638 A
I 2 = − 0.05725 A + 0.0638 A
46

I 2 = 0.00655 A
Do not forget that we have supposed the directions of the currents, in the final answer if
we get a positive answer, like I 1 and I 2 the direction we have supposed is true, but if we get a
negative answer, like I 3 the direction we have supposed is wrong, so we must reverse it.
The equation I 1 = I 2 + I 3 will be I 2 = I 1 + I 3
Now, it is easy to calculate the voltage on the resistors using Ohm's law: V = I · R
The voltage on 2.2 kΩ

V = I 1 · 2.2 kΩ
V = 0.002586 · 2200 Ω
V = 5.7 V
The voltage on 680 Ω

V = I 3 · 680 Ω
V = 0.003957 · 680 Ω
V = 2.7 V
The voltage on 47 Ω
V = I 2 · 47 Ω
V = 0.00655 A · 47 Ω
V = 0.3 V
47

Now, let us make this circuit in reality and measure the voltage around the resistors
using the clamp meter.
The measured voltage around the 2.2 kΩ resistor is 6.061 V.
The measured voltage around the 680 Ω resistor is 2.862 V.
48

The measured voltage around the 47 Ω resistor is 328.4 mV.
49

Figure 36. The measured voltage in this figure is 328.4 mV DC.
So we can count on our calculation, we will always find these small differences between
the calculations and the real measurements because of the tolerance of the components.
7.4 Shunt resistor

It is a way to measure the current through a bath in the circuit using a small value
resistor, we cut the circuit and connect it again using the shunt resistor, in most cases, it should
be a high power resistor to handle the current passing through it.
50

So depending on ohm’s law “ V = I · R ”, we have a shunt resistor, and we have a
current passing through it, so the voltage will be generated around it, and then we will measure
this voltage using the clamp meter, this way we have converted the current into voltage.
7.4.1 Example
In this circuit, we are going to use a 8 Ω resistor as a shunt, calculate the current using
Ohm’s law.
51

Figure 37. The measured resistor in this figure is 8.0 Ω.
Now, we need to measure the voltage around the 8 Ω shunt resistor using the clamp
meter.
52

Figure 38. The measured voltage in this figure is 446.7 mV DC.
Using Ohm’s law “ V = I · R “

0.4467 V = I · 8 Ω
I = 0.4467
8Ω
V
= 0.0558 A = 55.8 mA
53

7.5 Choosing the Right Resistor for an LED
To calculate the resistor for an LED, we need to know the forward voltage for the LED. LEDs
are different from the resistors, we need to limit the current passing through it because it does
not work on Ohm’s law.
We need to know the voltage around the LED. Usually, a 5 mm LED needs 15 - 30 mA
to be in good lighting, after knowing the forward voltage for the LED, it is easy to calculate the
resistance.
We can measure the forward voltage for the LED using the diode test function.
54

7.5.1 Example
Calculate the resistance in the following circuit for a red LED to make it consume around
20 mA.
We need to measure the forward voltage:
Now, let us calculate the value of the resistor. We have a 6 V battery, the voltage on the
LED is 1.807 V so the voltage on the resistor is: 6 V − 1.807 V = 4.193 V
V
Now, let us use Ohm’s law: R = I
R = 4.193 V
20 mA = 209.65 Ω
And the closest standard value is 200 Ω.
55

7.6 Measuring Internal Resistance of a Battery
We need to follow these steps to measure the internal resistance of a battery using the
clamp meter. First, we need to measure the voltage of the battery.
Second, we connect a resistor with the battery and measure its voltage.
Third, we will do some calculations using Ohm’s law.

RV
● Calculate the current passing through the resistor: R = I
● Subtract the voltage of the battery from the voltage on the resistor: B V − RV = B RV
● Now, we have the current and the voltage on the internal resistance, so we can calculate
V
the value of the internal resistor: I = I BR
56

7.6.1 Example
To measure the internal resistance of a 9 V battery, we need to measure the voltage of
the battery first.
Second, we connect a resistor with the battery and measure its voltage, in our case we
will connect a 680 Ω resistor.
57

Third, we will do some calculations using Ohm’s law.

RV
● Calculate the current passing through the resistor: R = I
8.30 V
680 Ω = 0.0122 A = 12.2 mA
● Subtract the voltage of the battery from the voltage of the resistor: B V − RV = B RV
8.78 V − 8.30 V = 0.48 V
● Now, we have the current and the voltage on the internal resistance, so we can calculate
V
the value of the internal resistor: I = I BR
0.48 V
0.0122 A = 39.34 Ω
58

7.7 Testing Some Components Using clamp meter
In this section, we are going to test some components using a clamp meter.
7.7.1 Potentiometer Test
First, we need to measure the resistance between A - C.
And then we measure the resistance between A - B and B - C, the sum of the two values
must be equal to A - C.
59

60

11.97 kΩ + 35.89 kΩ = 47.86 kΩ , which is almost equal to 47.15 kΩ
7.7.2 BJT Transistor Test
NPN
The NPN Type consists of two N-Regions separated by a P-Region, so we can suppose
a diode between B - C and between B - E.
Now, we can test the NPN transistor as 2 diodes. To test the first diode (B - C), we need
to connect the red probe to the anode which is the base of the transistor and connect the black
probe to the cathode which is the collector of the transistor.
61

To test the second diode (B - E), we need to connect the red probe to the anode which is
the base of the transistor and connect the black probe to the cathode which is the emitter of the
transistor.
62

PNP
The PNP type consists of two P-Regions separated by N-Region, so we can suppose a
diode between B - C and between B - E.
Now, we can test the PNP transistor as 2 diodes. To test the first diode (B - E), we need
to connect the black probe to the cathode which is the base of the transistor and connect the
red probe to the anode which is the emitter of the transistor.
63

To test the second diode (B - C), we need to connect the black probe to the cathode
which is the base of the transistor and connect the red probe to the anode which is the collector
of the transistor.

64

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Mastering The Art

Mastering the Art of Measurement (Clamp Meter) r.00 www.plusivo.com

5. General Characteristics 1​0

Mastering the Art of Measurement (Clamp Meter) r.00 www.plusivo.com

Mastering the Art of Measurement (Clamp Meter) r.00 www.plusivo.com

Let’s get started!

1.1 Versions of the clamp meter

Mastering the Art of Measurement (Clamp Meter) r.00 www.plusivo.com

(1)​ Current clamp

(2)​ Flash light

(3)​ Alarm indicator light

(4)​ Trigger for opening the current clamp

(5)​ Function key

(6)​ LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

(7)​ Test probes connection sockets

(8)​ Non contact voltage detector

(9)​ Rotary switch

Mastering the Art of Measurement (Clamp Meter) r.00 www.plusivo.com

600A AC current measurement up to 600 A

600A AC-DC current measurement up to 600 A

60A AC-DC current measurement up to 60 A

TEMP Temperature measurement

V AC-DC voltage measurement

Capacitance / Continuity / Resistance / Diode

LoZ Low impedance voltage measurement

Hz% Frequency measurement - Duty cycle measurement

OFF Instrument turned OFF

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Non contact voltage detection

Hold function / backlight and flashlight

Maximum / Minimum value measurement mode

Mastering the Art of Measurement (Clamp Meter) r.00 www.plusivo.com

Select function / Frequency measurement - Duty cycle measurement

Note​: ​flashlight only works during current measurement.

1.5 LCD Display

Mastering the Art of Measurement (Clamp Meter) r.00 www.plusivo.com

Direct current measurement

Auto power oﬀ indicator

Hold function activated

V Voltage measurement (mV, V)

Mastering the Art of Measurement (Clamp Meter) r.00 www.plusivo.com

Electric charge Coulomb C

Mastering the Art of Measurement (Clamp Meter) r.00 www.plusivo.com

Tera (T) 1012 1 trillion

Giga (G) 109 1 billion

Mega (M) 106 1 million

Kilo (k) 103 1 thousand

No prefix 100 1 unit

Milli (m) 10−3 1 thousandth

Micro (u) 10−6 1 millionth

Nano (n) 10−9 1 billionth

Pico (p) 10−12 1 trillionth

60 A 0.01 A ± (2.5% reading + 8 digits)

600 A 0.1 A ± (2.5% reading + 8 digits)

Minimum input AC current 0.1 A

Maximum input AC current 600 A

Frequency range 45 ~ 400 Hz

Mastering the Art of Measurement (Clamp Meter) r.00 www.plusivo.com

5. General Characteristics 10

(1) Current clamp

(2) Flash light

(3) Alarm indicator light

(4) Trigger for opening the current clamp

(5) Function key

(6) LCD (Liquid Crystal Display)

(7) Test probes connection sockets

(8) Non contact voltage detector

(9) Rotary switch

Note: flashlight only works during current measurement.