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Chapter - I Preliminaries Definition 1.1

The document defines key concepts related to fuzzy sets including: 1) A fuzzy set is defined by a membership function that assigns a value between 0 and 1 to elements of a universal set, unlike a crisp set which assigns only 0 or 1. 2) Operations on fuzzy sets like union, intersection, and complement are defined based on max, min and subtraction functions applied to membership values. 3) Properties of fuzzy sets and relations including height, core, support, level sets, α-cuts and strong α-cuts are introduced with examples.

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56 views7 pages

Chapter - I Preliminaries Definition 1.1

The document defines key concepts related to fuzzy sets including: 1) A fuzzy set is defined by a membership function that assigns a value between 0 and 1 to elements of a universal set, unlike a crisp set which assigns only 0 or 1. 2) Operations on fuzzy sets like union, intersection, and complement are defined based on max, min and subtraction functions applied to membership values. 3) Properties of fuzzy sets and relations including height, core, support, level sets, α-cuts and strong α-cuts are introduced with examples.

Uploaded by

Naveen kumar
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© © All Rights Reserved
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CHAPTER – I

PRELIMINARIES

Definition 1.1

The concept of a fuzzy set is an extension of the concept of a crisp set.

Just as a crisp set on a universal set U is defined by its characteristic


function from U to {0,1}, a fuzzy set on a domain U is defined by its membership
function from U to [0,1].

Let U be a non-empty set, to be called the universal set (or) the universe of
discourse (or) simply a domain.

Then by a fuzzy set on U is meant a function, A:U → [0,1]. ‘A’ is called the
membership function A(x) is called the membership grade of x.

We also write,

A={(x,A(x)); x∈U}

Example:

Let U={1,2,3,4,5}.

A=The set of all numbers in U very close to 1.

1
Where A(x) = x

⇒ A={(1,1),(2,0.5),(3,0.3),(4,0.25),(5,0.2)}
PROPERTIES OF FUZZY RELATION:

Definition 1.2

Let µ be a fuzzy relation on σ, then µ is said to be reflexive if

µ ( x , x ) =σ ( x ) ∀ x ∈V

symmetric if,

µ(x,y)=µ(y,x) ∀ x , y ∈V and

transitive if,

μ⊇μ .μ

i.e,.
μ ( x , z ) ≥¿ v ∈ V ¿

OPERATIONS ON FUZZY SETS:

Definition 1.3

Let U be a domain A, B be fuzzy sets on U. Then,

1. Union
The union of A and B is denoted by A∪B and it is defined on U as A∪
B(x)=max {A(x),B(x)}.for every x in U.

2. Intersection
The intersection of A and B denoted by A∩B and it is defined as a fuzzy set
on U for which A∩B(x)=min{A(x),B(x)} for every x in U.
3. Complement
The complement of A is denoted by A' and its defined as a fuzzy set on U
for which, A'(x)=1-A(x) for every X in U.

Example:-

Let U = {a,b,c,d} be the domain and A,B be fuzzy sets on U given below:-

A={(a,0.5),(b,0.8),(c,0),(d,0.3)}

B={(a,0.2),(b,1),(c,0.1),(d,0.7)}

Applying the above operation then,

1.

Elements a b C d

A∪B 0.5 1 0.1 0.7

A∪B(a)= max(A(a),B(a))

=max(0.5,0.2)=0.5

A∪B(b)=max(1,0.8) =1,

A∪B(c)=max(0,0.1)=0.1

A∪B(d)=max(0.3,0.7)=0.7.

2.
Elements a B c d

A∩B 0.2 0.8 0 0.3

A∩B(a)=min(A(a),B(a))

=min(0.5,0.2)=0.2

A∩B(b)=min(0.8,1)=0.8

A∩B(c)=min(0,0.1)=0

A∩B(d)=min(0.3,0.7)=0.3

3.

Elements A B C D

A' 0.5 0.2 1.0 0.7

A'(a)=1-A(a)=1-0.5=0.5

A'(b)=0.2, A'(c)=1, A'(d)=0.7

Definition 1.4

Let A be a fuzzy set on U. Then the Height of A is defined to be that


number ht(A) which is such that,
i) A( x ) ≤ ht(A) for all x in support (A)
ii) A( x ) = ht(A) for atleast one x in support (A)

This can be completed expressed as follows,

ht(A)= max{A( x ) / x is in supp(A)} when ever supp(A) is finite.

Whenever supp(A) is not finite, then,

ht(A) = supremum{A(x)/x is in supp(A)} and include the condition

A(x)=ht(A) for atleast one x.

Example:-

1. Let A={(a,0.2),(b,0.3),(c,0.8),(d,0.9)}

Then ht(A)=0.9

2. If A is a non-empty crisp set then ht(A)=1.

Definition 1.5

Let A be a fuzzy set on U. Then A is said to be normal if A(x)=1 for atleast


one x in U.

Example:-

1. All non-empty crisp sets are normal


2. {(x,0.8),(y,0.6),(z,1)}

Definition 1.6
Let A be a fuzzy set on U. Then the set { x ϵ ∪ / A( x )=1} is called the core of
the fuzzy set A and it is denoted by core (A).

Example:-

Let A = {(x,0.2),(y,0.3),(z,0.8),(w,1)}

∴ Core (A) = {W}

Definition 1.7

Let A be a fuzzy set on U. The set { x ϵ ∪ / A( x )>0} is called the support of


A and is denoted by supp(A).

Example:-

Let U = {a,b,c,d,e,f}

Consider A = {(a,0.5),(b,0.3),(f,1)}

Supp(A)={a,b,f}

Definition 1.8

Every fuzzy set A on U associate with L(A), a crisp subset on I=(0,1) is


called its level set.

L(A)= {α ϵ ∪ / A( x )=α for some x ϵ ∪ }

Example:-

Let A be given by, A( x )=1-e-x for x ≥ 0


=0 for x≤0

Then L(A)=(0,1]

Definition 1.9

Given a fuzzy set A on U and a number α in I where 0≤α ≤ 1then α cut of A


is a crisp set which is denoted as Aα and it is defined as.

Aα = [{x ϵ U / A (x) ≥ α }]

Example:-

Let A = {(a,0.8),(b,1),(c,0.3),(d,0.1)}

Then A0.1 = {a,b,c,d} .

Definition 1.10

Given a fuzzy set A on U and a number α in I where 0≤ α ≤1then α strong


cut of A is a crisp set which is denoted as Aα and it is defined as

Aα =[{x∈ U¿A(x )¿α}]

Example:-

Let A = {(a,0.8),(b,1),(c,0.3),(d,0.1)}

Then A0.1={a,b,c}

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