Physics $32: Solid State Physics 1 Homework # Due 9263 (@ If X-rays are incident on a sample of matter, the probability of absorption of x- ray photons is ero ifthe x-ray photon energy is less that of the energy difference between the lowest unoccupied energy level and that ofa bound electron in an atom. Why? (©) When the incident photon energy is much greater than the minimum energy for X-ray absorption, the probability of complete absorption ofthe X-ray photon reduces. Explain. (© What is Compton scattering, and why isi prevalent for high incident photon energie? (@) Explain why the scattering amplitude for X-rays is proportional tothe Fourier ‘transform ofthe electron density of sample. (©) Inan experiment only the intensity of satered X-rays is usally measured. \% Explain why measurement of scattered intensity close toa resonance ofan stom in the sample can enable the deduction of the unmeasured phases. (©) Hence explain how the electron density ofthe sample can be deduced If px) isthe density of a single molecule andthe molecules ar arranged in & lattice represented by L(e) =2,5(r-), where risa latice vector. Why can the density p() ofthe entire crystal be regarded asthe convolution ofp with L? ‘What does ths imply forthe Fourier transform of p(r)? Why does this mean that in the x-ray crystallography ofa protein the Brgg spots may be rezarded as sampling the Fourie transform of py) atthe points where the Fourie transform of the latie is non zer0? (@ Explain how the solution for the scattered wave function can be found as a solution to an integral equation. (6) Show how this equation can be solved by the Born approximation. (©) Show that, on the Bom approximation, the scattering amplitude for electrons is ‘proportional tothe Fourier transform ofthe scattering potentialwel Cet ho comeiely re eee Suny | a. fait, Stee eth 5 ow wt oa cone ater 7Physics 751: Solid State Physes I Homework #2 Due 1ovtor13 1. Consider a crystal where the equilibrium postion ofthe x th atom within the jth unit eel is given by X,,=R +d, .Now consider each atom displaced by tic () Angue thatthe total kinetic energy ofthe solid is given by SMayi. where a specifies the Cartesian component of th (Are that he potential energy of the sol maybe writen as 1 VaWWoatet SS Yona Drath S Monit av (€) Show that, on the harmonic approximation, the equations of motion foreach ‘atom may be written M ine =-2V Pigs =-YVa nr (@) Writing a lattice wave inthe form Mase Mgt «(e)expl=icot +R, ] show tat he displacement satisfy the cipnvalue equation ae K)= S Decal Hoe (K) where * Dagee(K)=(MeM,)? Das elie (R, ‘Which is known asthe dynamical matrix, R)] 2. Show that for monatomic unit cells where the atoms are allowed to move only in the x-direction, the only element ofthe dynarnical matrix is Dak) =O Vg ¥0( ik) +g Vga} Hence show tht he egeva qutiniving the namical matrix becomes Day (k)u, (K) =u, (k) witha dperion elon, (ie 2 o(!2) 3. By writing a corresponding dynamical matrix ora linear lattice with two atomsper unit cell of masses My and Mz show thatthe corresponding dispersion relation1 Homework #3 Due 1/7/13 If qi the displacement of the atom at position rina linear chain of atoms, assume a wave-like solution of the form for the displacement of the-th atom ga WS Qe where 0, isthe amplitude ofthe kth mode and ri taken to be an integer, ie the spacing between atoms is taken tobe an integer. (e)Verify the inverse relation 03g" (©) Also assuming =ma, ‘where m isthe mass ofan atom in the linear latice, that R=. and the commutation relation [anpeJai Bey! prove that, [a.R.]-05,. . Assuming the definitions in Qu. 1, show that ifthe Lagrangian ofthe system may be written, 1-3) that this may also be writen wot yar ~ aS (I-cosk}0,0, With creation and annihilation operators defined by (2hay) *{iwo, Be} a.n(anony{ ion, FA}show tht the Hamiltonian may be wren 1 4 -Sre ofa, Zea[sines) with dispersion relation of ~ 22 (1-cost) I we define ieee (@) Prove that Fa(aveber)/(3) (b) Prove the result [B.a*]-na™"[B.4] by the method of induction. (©) Write eas a power series in x @) Hence prove tat [Be ]=-e" [8,4] (© And that eM be'* = B+ A.B] (@ Subsiuting this fn the result (a) above, one may waite GE -(asns[a.seys(e) Assuming that A and B commute with A,B], show that this has a solution Fle)=er9{(4+ o)s}ono{3f4.8}<} (@ Forx-1 show hat his ead tthe Baker Hausdorff Theorem, anely that if A and B commute with [A,B],1 Physics 751: Solid State Ph Homework id Due 11/26/13 ‘The Hartree-Fock equations for the one-electron components 4, of a many- clectron wavefunction satisfy the equation BV, +%,4¥, me whore Vea and Vee are the classical electron-nuciear and electron-electron potentials, respectively. Why do these teams cancel on a jellium model? Assuming ¢(2)= “ ‘i+ Where © isa volume normalization faetor, and 7, is spin wave-fanetion and expicily writing out he integrals show that V4 can be written F(3) where 1, (2), Jeo tod is an electonic charge, kets the Ferm wavevetar, and x=. Inte occupation number epresntion, a sates represented by fn) where theset (a) area set of T's and 0's ndcting whether pariulrone-lecton state iis occupied. Show that if "sis a usual one-particle Schroedinger ‘operator a one particle operator i the occupation suber represcataton may be writen 28 = Berle, and that if Osis a corresponding two-particle Schroedinger operator, the ‘corresponding two-particle operator in the occupation number representation may of ea(i i lm), Explain why this leads toa direct and exchange term of opposite signs. Ifa destruction field operator is defined by B(x) Deals) where ¢,(1) isa one-particle wavefunction and c,a destruction operator for & particle in that state, what is its physical meaning?‘The corresponding Heisenberg operator is defined by Fulee)- Daledats) ‘By considering the equation of mation wininet)= [4 90(x0)] for Heisenberg operators, derive the relation between ¢() and the original destruction operators cy ples wmchigies 8 pees Ae pike pee | je. tle a Gath Beato oy" r “Hite beg OP led) or War ple antsy